scholarly journals Imaging the Extracellular Matrix in Prevalent Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001
Author(s):  
Nadia Chaher ◽  
Reza Hajhosseiny ◽  
Alkystis Phinikaridou ◽  
René M. Botnar
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Position Emission Tomography ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Macromolecular Network ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly complex macromolecular network present in all tissues and organs. The ECM is continuously remodelling under an orchestrated process facilitated by many matrix-degrading and matrix-synthesising enzymes in both health and disease. Disturbance of this balance can be the result of or can lead to various diseases. In cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), changes to the ECM are evident in conditions including: atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), venous thromboembolism (VTE) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). ECM proteins and ECM regulating enzymes are differently expressed in various CVDs. Most importantly, the altered deposition, macromolecule arrangement and activity of the ECM makes it an attractive marker of disease onset, pathogenesis and progression. Many medical imaging modalities allow disease assessment by exploiting native image contrast, by using non-targeted or by using protein or cell specific (targeted) imaging probes. However, the ability to directly visualise and quantify changes in specific ECM proteins enhances our understanding of the biological role of these proteins, enables monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment and may improve patient diagnosis and allocation of personalised therapies. This review focuses on the biochemistry of the major extracellular matrix proteins and advancements in the development of ECM-targeted probes for molecular imaging of CVD, particularly for applications of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and position emission tomography (PET) imaging.

scholarly journals Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Tarso Adoni ◽  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Sidney Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding

ABSTRACT Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder resulting from chronic or intermittent bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to deposition of blood products in the subpial layers of the meninges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a characteristic curvilinear pattern of hypointensity on its blood-sensitive sequences. Methods Series of cases collected from Brazilian centers. Results We studied 13 cases of patients presenting with progressive histories of neurological dysfunction caused by SS-CNS. The most frequent clinical findings in these patients were progressive gait ataxia, hearing loss, hyperreflexia and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnoses of SS-CNS were made seven months to 30 years after the disease onset. Conclusion SS-CNS is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed for long periods. Awareness of this condition is essential for the clinician.

scholarly journals Porcine Breast Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Spatial Tissue Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girdhari Rijal ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ilhan Yu ◽  
David Gang ◽  
Roland Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Surface Receptor

Porcine mammary fatty tissues represent an abundant source of natural biomaterial for generation of breast-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we report the extraction of total ECM proteins from pig breast fatty tissues, the fabrication of hydrogel and porous scaffolds from the extracted ECM proteins, the structural properties of the scaffolds (tissue matrix scaffold, TMS), and the applications of the hydrogel in human mammary epithelial cell spatial cultures for cell surface receptor expression, metabolomics characterization, acini formation, proliferation, migration between different scaffolding compartments, and in vivo tumor formation. This model system provides an additional option for studying human breast diseases such as breast cancer.

scholarly journals The Matrisome, Inflammation, and Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Dolin ◽  
Gavin E. Arteel
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Ecm Proteins

AbstractChronic fatty liver disease is common worldwide. This disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of chronic liver disease is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) that ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of chronic liver disease is less well-understood, but recent research has demonstrated that several changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic liver disease are not only present but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic ECM that may contribute to inflammation during earlier stages of disease development, and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ionising and Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation on Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3041
Author(s):  
Ren Jie Tuieng ◽  
Sarah H. Cartmell ◽  
Cliona C. Kirwan ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Components

Exposure to sub-lethal doses of ionising and non-ionising electromagnetic radiation can impact human health and well-being as a consequence of, for example, the side effects of radiotherapy (therapeutic X-ray exposure) and accelerated skin ageing (chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation: UVR). Whilst attention has focused primarily on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with cells and cellular components, radiation-induced damage to long-lived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins has the potential to profoundly affect tissue structure, composition and function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the biological effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation on the ECM of breast stroma and skin dermis, respectively. Although there is some experimental evidence for radiation-induced damage to ECM proteins, compared with the well-characterised impact of radiation exposure on cell biology, the structural, functional, and ultimately clinical consequences of ECM irradiation remain poorly defined.

scholarly journals Aszimmetrikus dimetilarginin: a cardiovascularis betegségek prediktora?

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (13) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Balázs Németh ◽  
Péter Kustán ◽  
Ádám Németh ◽  
Zsófia Lenkey ◽  
Attila Cziráki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common diseases worldwide. They are responsible for one third of global deaths and they are the leading cause of disability, too. The usage of different levels of prevention in combination with effective risk assessment improved these statistical data. Risk assessment based on classic risk factors has recently been supported with several new markers, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, which is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine have been reported in obese, smoker, hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive and diabetic patients. According to previous studies, asymmetric dimethylarginine is a suitable indicator of endothelial dysfunction, which is held to be the previous state of atherosclerosis. Several researches found positive correlation between higher levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and coronary artery disease onset, or progression of existing coronary disease. According to a study involving 3000 patients, asymmetric dimethylarginine is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. This article summarizes the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine in prediction of cardiovascular diseases, and underlines its importance in cardiovascular prevention. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(13), 483–487.

scholarly journals Investigation of Specific Targeting of Triptorelin-Conjugated Dextran-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as a Targeted Probe in GnRH+ Cancer Cells in MRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Milad Yousefvand ◽  
Zahra Mohammadi ◽  
Farzaneh Ghorbani ◽  
Rasoul Irajirad ◽  
Hormoz Abedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Gnrh Receptors ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Targeted Contrast Agent

In recent years, the conjugation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), as tumor-imaging probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with tumor targeting peptides possesses promising advantages for specific delivery of MRI agents. The objective of the current study was to design a targeted contrast agent for MRI based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles conjugated triptorelin (SPION@triptorelin), which has a great affinity to the GnRH receptors. The SPIONs-coated carboxymethyl dextran (SPION@CMD) conjugated triptorelin (SPION@CMD@triptorelin) were synthesized using coprecipitation method and characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Zeta, and VSM techniques. The relaxivities of synthetized formulations were then calculated using a 1.5 Tesla clinical magnetic field. MRI, quantitative cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity level of them were estimated. The characterization results confirmed that the formation of SPION@CMD@triptorelin has been conjugated with a suitable size. Our results demonstrated the lack of cellular cytotoxicity of SPION@CMD@triptorelin, and it could increase the cellular uptake of SPIONs to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells 6.50-fold greater than to SPION@CMD at the concentration of 75 μM. The relaxivity calculations for SPION@CMD@triptorelin showed a suitable r2 and r2/r1 with values of 31.75 mM−1·s−1 and 10.26, respectively. Our findings confirm that triptorelin-targeted SPIONs could provide a T2-weighted probe contrast agent that has the great potential for the diagnosis of GnRH-positive cancer in MRI.

scholarly journals ANRIL regulates production of extracellular matrix proteins and vasoactive factors in diabetic complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. E191-E200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Alice Thomas ◽  
Biao Feng ◽  
Subrata Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ecm Proteins

noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest due to their prevailing presence in various diseases. lncRNA ANRIL (a. k. a. CDKN2B-AS1) is located on human chromosome 9 (p21.3) and transcribed in opposite direction to the INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It has been identified as a highly susceptible region for diseases such as coronary artery diseases and type 2 diabetes. Here, we explored its regulatory role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in association with epigenetic modifiers p300 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex. We used an ANRIL-knockout (ANRILKO) mouse model for this study. The wild-type and ANRILKO animals with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were monitored for 2 min. At the end of the time point, urine and tissues were collected. The tissues were measured for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col1α4), and VEGF mRNA and protein expressions. Renal function was determined by the measurement of 24-h urine volume and albumin/creatinine ratio at euthanasia. Renal and cardiac structures were investigated using periodic acid-Schiff stain and/or immunohistochemical analysis. Elevated expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were prevented in ANRILKO diabetic animals. Furthermore, ANRILKO had a protective effect on diabetic mouse kidneys, as evidenced by lowering of urine volume and urine albumin levels in comparison with the wild-type diabetic animals. These alterations regulated by ANRIL may be mediated by p300 and enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) of the PRC2 complex. Our study concludes that ANRIL regulates functional and structural alterations in the kidneys and hearts in diabetes through controlling the expressions of ECM proteins and VEGF.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluation of response to treatment – Part 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ramalho ◽  
António P. Matos ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidy ◽  
Fernanda Velloni ◽  
Ersan Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract In the second part of this review, we will describe the ancillary imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can be seen on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, and on novel and emerging protocols such as diffusion weighted imaging and utilization of hepatocyte-specific/hepatobiliary contrast agent. We will also describe the morphologic sub-types of HCC, and give a simplified non-invasive diagnostic algorithm for HCC, followed by a brief description of the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS), and MRI assessment of tumor response following locoregional therapy.

Abstract W P158: Permeability as a Biomarker of Cavernous Malformations

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghani Mikati ◽  
Luying Li ◽  
Robert Shenkar ◽  
Lingjao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Vascular hyperpermeability in lesions and nonlesional brain is a cardinal feature of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) pathogenesis. Thus we implemented a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in order to quantitate vascular permeability in CCMs and non-CCM brain tissue in humans. We hypothesize that permeability of lesions and background brain will differ between familial and sporadic patients and measurements will be consistent between observers and over time. Method: We used a T 1 -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion (DCEQP) protocol in 30 patients (13 sporadic, 12 familial, and 5 non-CCM cases) in conjunction with routine MRI scans. Regions of interest (ROIs) for permeability measurement included the entire lesion and areas of 12.9 mm 2 (16 pixels) of grey and white matter near and far from the lesion. Measurements were repeated by two observers and at two time points on a subset of patients. Results: For each ROI category except white matter near lesions, the mean permeability was higher in the familial than in the sporadic patients with p-values of 0.04, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.007 for CCM lesions, grey matter near, grey matter far (GMF), and white matter far (WMF) from lesions respectively. No difference was seen between sporadic and non-CCM cases, however familial WMF had higher permeability than both those groups (p0.05) except GMF with p=0.04. The intrapatient coefficients of variation between measurements were 0.74 and 0.63 and interpatient coefficients of variation were 1.36 and 1.56 for sporadic and familial cases respectively. Lastly, it was found that 3 of 4 patients with two scans had stable background (WMF) brain permeability over time. Conclusion: Results show the higher lesional and background brain permeability of familial cases, corroborating previous findings in mice. We also demonstrate the feasibility of DCEQP in CCM disease and the potential of permeability as a biomarker of disease activity or response to treatment. It also highlights the need for further investigation into clinical factors that may impact disease activity and permeability measures.

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