scholarly journals The Effects of Ionising and Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation on Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3041
Author(s):  
Ren Jie Tuieng ◽  
Sarah H. Cartmell ◽  
Cliona C. Kirwan ◽  
Michael J. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Components

Exposure to sub-lethal doses of ionising and non-ionising electromagnetic radiation can impact human health and well-being as a consequence of, for example, the side effects of radiotherapy (therapeutic X-ray exposure) and accelerated skin ageing (chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation: UVR). Whilst attention has focused primarily on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with cells and cellular components, radiation-induced damage to long-lived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins has the potential to profoundly affect tissue structure, composition and function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the biological effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation on the ECM of breast stroma and skin dermis, respectively. Although there is some experimental evidence for radiation-induced damage to ECM proteins, compared with the well-characterised impact of radiation exposure on cell biology, the structural, functional, and ultimately clinical consequences of ECM irradiation remain poorly defined.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection of the placenta alters extracellular matrix proteome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Borges-Vélez ◽  
Julio Rosado-Philippi ◽  
Yadira M. Cantres-Rosario ◽  
Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrion ◽  
Abiel Roche-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Label Reagent ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Identification ◽  
Proteome Discoverer ◽  
Cellular Components

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with fetal abnormalities by compromising placental integrity, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Flavivirus can deregulate the host proteome, especially extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We hypothesize that a deregulation of specific ECM proteins by ZIKV, affects placental integrity. Using twelve different placental samples collected during the 2016 ZIKV Puerto Rico epidemic, we compared the proteome of five ZIKV infected samples with four uninfected controls followed by validation of most significant proteins by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative proteomics was performed using tandem mass tag TMT10plex™ Isobaric Label Reagent Set followed by Q Exactive™ Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Identification of proteins was performed using Proteome Discoverer 2.1. Proteins were compared based on the fold change and p value using Limma software. Significant proteins pathways were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway (IPA). TMT analysis showed that ZIKV infected placentas had 94 reviewed differentially abundant proteins, 32 more abundant, and 62 less abundant. IPA analysis results indicate that 45 of the deregulated proteins are cellular components of the ECM and 16 play a role in its structure and organization. Among the most significant proteins in ZIKV positive placenta were fibronectin, bone marrow proteoglycan, and fibrinogen. Of these, fibrinogen was further validated by immunohistochemistry in 12 additional placenta samples and found significantly increased in ZIKV infected placentas. The upregulation of this protein in the placental tissue suggests that ZIKV infection is promoting the coagulation of placental tissue and restructuration of ECM potentially affecting the integrity of the tissue and facilitating dissemination of the virus from mother to the fetus.

Domain organizations of extracellular matrix proteins and their evolution

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Jürgen Engel ◽  
Vladimir P. Efimov ◽  
Patrik Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Triple Helices ◽  
And Function ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

The astonishing diversity in structure and function of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins originates from different combinations of domains. These are defined as autonomously folding units. Many domains are similar in sequence and structure indicating common ancestry. Evolutionarily homologous domains are, however, often functionally very different, which renders function prediction from sequence difficult. Related and different domains are frequently repeated in the same or in different polypeptide chains. Common assembly domains include α-helical coiled-coil domains and collagen triple helices. Other domains have been shown to be involved in assembly to other ECM proteins or in cell binding and cell signalling. The function of most of the domains, however, remains to be elucidated. ECM proteins are rather recent `inventions', and most occur either in plants or mammals but not in both. Their creation by domain shuffling involved a number of different mechanisms at the DNA level in which introns played an important role.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Glyco-Functionalization of Collagen-Based Biomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Figuereido ◽  
Alice Paiotta ◽  
Roberta Dal Magro ◽  
Francesca Tinelli ◽  
Roberta Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Microenvironment ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Cell Fate Control

The cell microenvironment plays a pivotal role in mediating cell adhesion, survival, and proliferation in physiological and pathological states. The relevance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cell fate control is an important issue to take into consideration for both tissue engineering and cell biology studies. The glycosylation of ECM proteins remains, however, largely unexplored. In order to investigate the physio-pathological effects of differential ECM glycosylation, the design of affordable chemoselective methods for ECM components glycosylation is desirable. We will describe a new chemoselective glycosylation approach exploitable in aqueous media and on non-protected substrates, allowing rapid access to glyco-functionalized biomaterials.

scholarly journals miR-23∼27∼24 clusters control effector T cell differentiation and function

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunglim Cho ◽  
Cheng-Jang Wu ◽  
Tomoharu Yasuda ◽  
Leilani O. Cruz ◽  
Aly Azeem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Mirna Family ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
T Cell Biology ◽  
Mirna Clusters ◽  
And Function

Coordinated repression of gene expression by evolutionarily conserved microRNA (miRNA) clusters and paralogs ensures that miRNAs efficiently exert their biological impact. Combining both loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we show that the miR-23∼27∼24 clusters regulate multiple aspects of T cell biology, particularly helper T (Th) 2 immunity. Low expression of this miRNA family confers proper effector T cell function at both physiological and pathological settings. Further studies in T cells with exaggerated regulation by individual members of the miR-23∼27∼24 clusters revealed that miR-24 and miR-27 collaboratively limit Th2 responses through targeting IL-4 and GATA3 in both direct and indirect manners. Intriguingly, although overexpression of the entire miR-23 cluster also negatively impacts other Th lineages, enforced expression of miR-24, in contrast to miR-23 and miR-27, actually promotes the differentiation of Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells, implying that under certain conditions, miRNA families can fine tune the biological effects of their regulation by having individual members antagonize rather than cooperate with each other. Together, our results identify a miRNA family with important immunological roles and suggest that tight regulation of miR-23∼27∼24 clusters in T cells is required to maintain optimal effector function and to prevent aberrant immune responses.

scholarly journals Vascular lung triculture organoid via soluble extracellular matrix suspension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonard Corpuz Valdoz ◽  
Nicholas A Franks ◽  
Collin G Cribbs ◽  
Dallin J Jacobs ◽  
Ethan L Dodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Shaped Cell ◽  
And Function

Scaffold-free tissue engineering is desired in creating consistently sized and shaped cell aggregates but has been limited to spheroid-like structure and function, thus restricting its use in accurate disease modeling. Here, we show formation of a viable lung organoid from epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast stable cell lines in suspension culture supplemented with soluble concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). We demonstrate the importance of soluble ECM in organotypic patterning with the emergence of air space-like gas exchange units, formation of branching, perfusable vasculature, and increased 3D growth. Our results show a dependent relationship between enhanced fibronectin fibril assembly and the incorporation of ECM in the organoid. Endothelial branching was found to depend on both soluble ECM and fibroblast. We successfully applied this technology in modeling lung fibrosis via bleomycin induction and test a potential antifibrotic drug in vitro while maintaining fundamental cell-cell interactions in lung tissue. Our human fluorescent lung organoid (hFLO) model accurately represents features of pulmonary fibrosis which were ameliorated by fasudil treatment. We demonstrate a 3D culture method with potential of creating organoids from mature cells, thus opening avenues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine, enhancing understanding of lung cell biology in health and lung disease.

scholarly journals Natural Biomaterials as Instructive Engineered Microenvironments That Direct Cellular Function in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Powell ◽  
Despoina Eleftheriadou ◽  
Simon Kellaway ◽  
James B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellular Behaviour ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
Cellular Components

Nerve tissue function and regeneration depend on precise and well-synchronised spatial and temporal control of biological, physical, and chemotactic cues, which are provided by cellular components and the surrounding extracellular matrix. Therefore, natural biomaterials currently used in peripheral nerve tissue engineering are selected on the basis that they can act as instructive extracellular microenvironments. Despite emerging knowledge regarding cell-matrix interactions, the exact mechanisms through which these biomaterials alter the behaviour of the host and implanted cells, including neurons, Schwann cells and immune cells, remain largely unclear. Here, we review some of the physical processes by which natural biomaterials mimic the function of the extracellular matrix and regulate cellular behaviour. We also highlight some representative cases of controllable cell microenvironments developed by combining cell biology and tissue engineering principles.

The ECM-Integrin-Cytoskeletal Link: A Possible Site for Mechanical Signaling in the Heart

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
L. Terracio ◽  
W. Carver ◽  
R.L. Price ◽  
R. Salters ◽  
D.G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Mechanical Signaling ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Heart Contraction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Components

The cardiac interstitium is a diverse system of extracellular-matrix (ECM) components organized into a stress tolerant three-dimensional network that interconnects the cellular components of the heart. During each contraction of the heart, a complex set of mechanical forces is transmitted through the cardiac interstitium and is applied to the cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. In comparison to the relaxed heart, each contractile wave results in a rapid reorganization of the extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton. A number of studies have shown that by varying the normal pattern of applied mechanical force that occurs during heart contraction, both the phenotype and function of myocytes and fibroblasts in the heart may be altered.At the molecular level components of the ECM are attached to the cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts via specific transmembrane integrin receptors. Each integrin is comprised of an extracellular domain that attaches to an ECM component, and an intracellular domain that attaches to a cytoplasmic component of the cell.

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Extracellular Matrix Atlas of the Developing Human Skin Dermis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansheng Li ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Binghui Liu ◽  
Luye Lv ◽  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cell ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
And Function

Skin aging is a physiological issue that is still relatively poorly understood. Studies have demonstrated that the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) plays important roles in skin aging. However, the roles of the changes in ECM characteristics and the molecules that are secreted to the extracellular space and are involved in the formation of the dermal matrix from birth to old age remain unclear. To explore the way in which the ECM microenvironment supports the functions of skin development across different age groups is also poorly understood, we used a decellularization method and matrisome analysis to compare the composition, expression, and function of the dermal ECM in toddler, teenager, adult, and elderly skin. We found that the collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and regulatory factors that support skin development and interact with these core ECM proteins were differentially expressed at different ages. ECM expression markers occurring during the process of skin development were identified. In addition, our results elucidated the characteristics of ECM synthesis, response to skin development, and the features of the ECM that support epidermal stem cell growth via the basement membrane during skin aging.

Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and physical training on gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins in mouse skeletal muscle

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. E900-E907 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Maarit Lehti ◽  
Mika Silvennoinen ◽  
Riikka Kivelä ◽  
Heikki Kainulainen ◽  
Jyrki Komulainen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Function

Diabetes induces changes in the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in many tissues. We investigated the effects of diabetes, physical training, and their combination on the gene expression of ECM proteins in skeletal muscle. Mice were divided to control (C), training (T), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and diabetic training (DT) groups. Training groups (T, DT) performed 1, 3, or 5 wk of endurance training on a treadmill. Gene expression of calf muscles was analyzed using microarray and quantitative PCR. Training group samples were collected 24 h after the last training session. Diabetes affected the gene expression of several collagens (types I, III, IV, V, VI, and XV), some noncollagenous glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (e.g., elastin, thrombospondin-1, laminin-2, decorin). Reduced gene expression of collagens in diabetic skeletal muscle was partially attenuated as a result of physical training. In diabetes, mRNA expression of the basement membrane (BM) collagens decreased and that of noncollagenous glycoproteins increased. This may change the structure of the BM in a less collagenous direction and affect its properties.

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix Enzymes and Immune Cell Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan McMahon ◽  
Siying Ye ◽  
Jess Pedrina ◽  
Daniel Dlugolenski ◽  
John Stambas
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Immune Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Current

Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by ECM metalloproteinases is increasingly being associated with regulation of immune cell function. ECM metalloproteinases, including Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTS) play a vital role in pathogen defence and have been shown to influence migration of immune cells. This review provides a current summary of the role of ECM enzymes in immune cell migration and function and discusses opportunities and limitations for development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting metalloproteinase expression and activity in the context of infectious disease.

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