scholarly journals Composting Hydrochar-OFMSW Digestate Mixtures: Design of Bioreactors and Preliminary Experimental Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Donato Scrinzi ◽  
Gianni Andreottola ◽  
Luca Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Compost Stability ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Offline Measurement ◽  
Batch Bioreactors

An increasing number of industrial plants integrate the anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with a subsequent composting phase. To improve the plant productivity, a fraction of OFMSW digestate can be converted into a carbonaceous material, called hydrocar (HC), through Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC), and then composted together with the OFMSW digestate itself, to produce “hydrochar co-compost”. The aim of this paper is to present the design and assembly of batch bioreactors, built in-house to investigate the co-composting process of OFMSW digestate and its HC, and to provide some preliminary results. The OFMSW digestate from an industrial plant was carbonized at 200 °C for 3 h in a 2 L HTC reactor, to produce wet HC after filtration. The ratio of OFMSW digestate and green waste (1:1) used as bulking medium was reproduced in four bioreactors with an increasing percentage of HC substituting the OFMSW digestate (0, 25, 50, 75%). The bioreactors managed to effectively compost the solid wet biomasses in a wet environment with temperature and oxygen control, while measuring online the oxygen consumption and thus the dynamic respirometric index (DRI). The DRI24,max measured with AIR-nl solid respirometer (standardized offline measurement) started from values above 800 mg O2 kgVS−1 h−1 before composting and dropped at the end of the process to values in the range 124–340 mg O2 kgVS−1 h−1 for the four mixes, well below the recommended limit of 500 mg O2 kgVS−1 h−1 for high-quality compost stability. These offline DRI values were confirmed by the online DRI measurements. This research is part of the international C2Land Project funded by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Climate Knowledge and Innovation Community (EIT Climate-KIC), which is greatly acknowledged.

scholarly journals Recycled algae-based carbon materials as electroconductive 3D printed skeletal muscle tissue engineering scaffolds

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selva Bilge ◽  
Emre Ergene ◽  
Ebru Talak ◽  
Seyda Gokyer ◽  
Yusuf Osman Donar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽  
Myotube Formation ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractSkeletal muscle is an electrically and mechanically active tissue that contains highly oriented, densely packed myofibrils. The tissue has self-regeneration capacity upon injury, which is limited in the cases of volumetric muscle loss. Several regenerative therapies have been developed in order to enhance this capacity, as well as to structurally and mechanically support the defect site during regeneration. Among them, biomimetic approaches that recapitulate the native microenvironment of the tissue in terms of parallel-aligned structure and biophysical signals were shown to be effective. In this study, we have developed 3D printed aligned and electrically active scaffolds in which the electrical conductivity was provided by carbonaceous material (CM) derived from algae-based biomass. The synthesis of this conductive and functional CM consisted of eco-friendly synthesis procedure such as pre-carbonization and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) catalysis. CM obtained from biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (CM-03) and its ash form (CM-03K) were doped within poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix and 3D printed to form scaffolds with aligned fibers for structural biomimicry. Scaffolds were seeded with C2C12 mouse myoblasts and subjected to electrical stimulation during the in vitro culture. Enhanced myotube formation was observed in electroactive groups compared to their non-conductive counterparts and it was observed that myotube formation and myotube maturity were significantly increased for CM-03 group after electrical stimulation. The results have therefore showed that the CM obtained from macroalgae biomass is a promising novel source for the production of the electrically conductive scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

scholarly journals A New Face of Mining Engineer—International Curricula to Sustainable Development and Green Deal (A Case Study of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Karolina Adach-Pawelus ◽  
Anna Gogolewska ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Barbara Kiełczawa ◽  
Joanna Krupa-Kurzynowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Engineer ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Development Goals

The mining industry in the world has undergone a major metamorphosis in recent years. These changes have forced higher education to modify the curricula in a thorough way to meet the mining entrepreneurs’ needs. The paper’s scope is to answer the research question—how to attract students and implement Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in higher education in mining engineering? Based on the case of international cooperation carried out at the Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology (WUST) within the framework of educational projects co-financed by European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) and EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities Raw Materials (EIT RM), the authors prove that the idea of sustainable development can be introduced into the system of teaching mining specialists at every level of their higher education (engineering and master’s studies), through developing their new competencies, introducing new subjects taking into account innovative solutions and technologies, or placing great emphasis on environmental and social aspects. Examples of new curricula show a good way to change into the new face of a mining engineer.

An Intelligent Interactive Layout CAD System for Industrial Plants

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Kameyama ◽  
Koichi Kondo ◽  
Koichi Ohtomi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Plant Layout ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Constraint Checking ◽  
Data Updating ◽  
Interactive User

Abstract This paper describes an industrial plant layout system with an intelligent interactive user-interface. This system offers a powerful design environment, in which a designer can concurrently draw and check a layout plan, which can not be realized on a conventional plant layout CAD system. The major function of the system is the automatic constraint checking of each designer’s drafting action. This function is achieved by the integration of a geometric modeler, frame representation, and production rules. The geometric modeler is used for extracting the information for data updating and constraint checking from graphical objects, which are directly manipulated by a designer. Frame representation is used for representing the attributes of the equipments and the areas, and these attributes are handled by production rules. Production rules are used for representing the constraint checking and data updating procedures, and can be executed as required.

scholarly journals The development of small settlements in the industrial plant - city model - based on the examples of Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
City Model ◽  
Post War ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Over Time

Double-purpose industrial plant-settlement complexes (city) are fairly popular urban combinations; especially so during the inter-war and post-war industrial periods, when through a decision by the central authorities, industrial facilities were located in specific areas which were then developed over time. Specific cases of such complexes are two small cities built from scratch around growing industrial plants. The article presents certain functional and spatial changes in two urban centers: Nowa Dęba and Nowa Sarzyna, which are located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON INDUSTRIAL WATER INTAKES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
J. A. Nichols ◽  
H. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flash Distillation ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Oil spills in coastal waters sometimes give rise to concerns that oil may become entrained in the seawater intakes of power stations, desalination units, and other industrial plants. This paper reviews the findings of an investigation, undertaken by the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation and Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, on the effects of oil pollution on water-cooled electricity-generating stations and desalination plants using multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis. The various components that could be contaminated by oil are described and, using case studies wherever possible, the effects on equipment, heat transfer surfaces, and potable water are discussed. Finally considered are various methods of minimizing the impact of oil and financial implications of oil contamination for the different types of industrial plant.

An Error-Cause Removal Program for Industry

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
Participation Program

This paper describes a worker-participation program to reduce human errors in an industrial plant to an acceptable minimum. It gives suggestions for initiating and carrying out the program and includes experiences of some industrial plants using worker-participation programs.

scholarly journals Sieben Jahre EIT RawMaterials Regional Center in Leoben – Rohstoffforschung im Kontext Globaler Entwicklung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Feiel ◽  
Hanno Bertignoll
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
European University ◽  
Innovation Community

ZusammenfassungDas Resources Innovation Center Leoben (RIC Leoben) an der Montanuniversität bündelt heute die internationalen Beteiligungen der Institution im Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit in Rohstoffforschung und Ausbildung. Das RIC geht zurück auf das Jahr 2015, wo es als Regional Center des EIT RawMaterials, einer Knowledge & Innovation Community des European Institute for Innovation and Technology, einem europäischen Netzwerk aus mittlerweile rund 300 Partnern des Rohstoffsektors, gegründet wurde. Besonders in den Bereichen Bildung, Sustainable Exploration & Mining, Technological Innovation und Recycling sowie der strategischen Weiterentwicklung und Mitgestaltung der Community ist die Montanuniversität durch das RIC hier tätig. 2017 wurden die Aktivitäten um die Mitgliedschaft in der EIT Climate-KIC, einer weiteren Knowledge & Innovation Community, erweitert, in der die Themen Urban Transitions und Sustainable Production Systems vorangetrieben werden, um die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zu begrenzen und eine klimaresiliente Gesellschaft zu fördern. Ein zusätzlicher Bereich im Portfolio des RIC Leoben sind die Sustainable Development Goals der Vereinten Nationen, zu denen durch vielerlei Initiativen beigetragen wird. Eine Schlüsselaktivität in diesem Bereich ist die Implementierung ebendieser im österreichischen Hochschulsektor durch ein gemeinsames Netzwerk aller österreichischen Universitäten und die Übernahme einer Patenschaft für SDG 12. Die Aktivitäten des RIC haben auch zur inhaltlichen Gestaltung der European University on Responsible Consumption and Production beigetragen, die erfolgreich im Lead aus dem RIC heraus gegründet wurde. Ebenso bündelt das RIC die Wasserstoff- und Kohlenstoffaktivitäten der Universität. Allen Arbeiten im Resources Innovation Center Leoben ist eines gemein: Sie sind thematisch verknüpft und ergänzen sich. Die Resultate zielen alle auf nachhaltige Innovation im Ressourcenbereich für eine bessere Zukunft ab.

scholarly journals BIOCHAR FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL AND ROCK WITH ACID POTENTIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Erlend Sørmo ◽  
Erika Kämäräinen ◽  
Matilda Edvardsson ◽  
Christian Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Acid Potential

Biochar is a carbonaceous material generated by the heating of organic matter under limited access to oxygen (called pyrolysis). While pyrolysis is applied to dry feed, hydrothermal carbonization can be used for wet materials such as sludge. Application of biochar to soil is considered inherent climate friendly since biochar remain stable in the soil for a long time, and thus removing carbon from the short-term carbon cycle. Biochar has the ability to adsorb trace elements and raise pH, when added to soil or/and water. Geomaterials, both soil and rock, containing sulphur in the form of sulphide minerals have the potential to harm the environment. Lowering groundwater in sulphide rich soils and disposal of excavated sulphide rich soil and rock in piles are example of situations where measures have to be taken to mitigate the formation of acid leachate. This presentation aims at presenting the results from two studies where biochar’s capacity to adsorb trace elements is investigated. In the first study, the adsorption capacity of several biochars was compared with leachate generated from the oxidation of sulphide soil, showing a significant decrease of the concentration of elements such as copper and zinc. In the second study, the ability of waste timber biochar to stabilize the leaching from sulphide rich gneisses containing readily soluble, oxidized secondary mineral crusts was investigated. Preliminary results show that the acidity of the oxidized gneisses exceeds the buffer capacity of the biochars, resulting in an acidic, metal rich leachate. Rather reducing metal leaching through sorption and pH control, metals from the biochar matrix are released, resulting in an increased release of metals compared to the control.

scholarly journals Role of innovations and knowledge – infrastructure and institutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
András Nábrádi
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Capital Development

There is a well known saying: Research converts money into knowledge, innovation converts knowledge into money. The knowledge-based economy has four pillars: innovation, education, the economic and institutional regime, and information infrastructure. Transformation towards a knowledge-based economy will necessarily shift the proportion and growth of national income derived from knowledge-based industries, the percentage of the workforce employed in knowledge-based jobs and the ratio of firms using technology to innovate. Progress towards a knowledge-based economy will be driven by four elements: human capital development, knowledge generation and exploitation (R&D), knowledge infrastructure. Increased investment in these four areas will certainly have an impact. National experience, however, suggests that an incremental approach will not work. Nations that have achieved accelerated growth in outputs and capabilities have acted decisively, targeting investments in areas of strategic opportunity. The organizational and infrastructural improvement of research requires supranational cooperation and the promotion of the free movement of knowledge. Therefore, the EU decision on the establishment of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), which ensures that the GDP proportion for research and development (R&D) shall achieve 3% stipulated by member states in the long run, is particularly welcome.

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