scholarly journals Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Atmospheric Deposition Rates around the Port-Industrial Area of Civitavecchia, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1827
Author(s):  
Gaetano Settimo ◽  
Maria Eleonora Soggiu ◽  
Marco Inglessis ◽  
Giovanni Marsili ◽  
Pasquale Avino
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Guide Values

In recent years, studies on climate change have focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions emitted by various civil and industrial processes. This study highlights the importance of characterizing the total deposition rates of airborne particles (bulk atmospheric deposition) in the surroundings of an industrial area along the north cost of the Lazio Region in Italy, to deepen knowledge about the potential impact of emissions from the coal-fired thermoelectric (CTE) power plant and other possible sources existing in the surrounding area. Four sampling sites were identified, and the monitoring plan was performed a yearlong with monthly collecting observation. The deposition samples were collected monthly and processed for determining organic (polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins, PCDDs; polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs; dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, DL-PCBs; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) and inorganic (metals) substances. The samples were collected monthly and sent for chemical characterization. In Europe and Italy, no reference values have been given for the deposition rates of chemicals, while some European countries have determined reference/guide values to which the authors will refer in this study. Therefore, the analytical results show that the deposition rates for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are lower with respects guide values defined by Germany and Belgium; PAHs values are in line with those measured in other rural-type sites, while for metals the analytical results show a situation between rural and urban area. The approach used in this study can help to identify reference values for Italy in deposition rates, with the aim both to characterize the dynamic of pollution in area with multiple risk factors and to describe and protect human health from environmental exposures caused by the contamination of the food chain.

scholarly journals The impact of Saharan dust on the particulate export in the water column of the North Western Mediterranean Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ternon ◽  
C. Guieu ◽  
M.-D. Loÿe-Pilot ◽  
N. Leblond ◽  
E. Bosc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Total Mass Flux ◽  
North Western

Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric deposition and of sinking particles at 200 and 1000 m depth, were performed in the Ligurian Sea (North-Western Mediterranean) between 2003 and 2007, along with phytoplanktonic activity derived from satellite images. Atmospheric deposition of Saharan dust particles was very irregular and confirmed the importance of sporadic high magnitude events over the annual average (11.4 g m−2 yr−1 for the 4 years). The average marine total mass flux was 31 g m−2 yr−1, the larger fraction being the lithogenic one (~37%). The marine total mass flux displayed a seasonal pattern with a maximum in winter, occurring before the onset of the spring bloom. The highest POC fluxes did not occur during the spring bloom nor could they be directly related to any noticeable increase in the surface phytoplanktonic biomass. Over the 4 years of the study, the strongest POC fluxes were concomitant with large increases of the lithogenic marine flux, which had originated from either recent Saharan fallout events (February 2004 and August 2005), from "old" Saharan dust "stored" in the upper water column layer (March 2003 and February 2005), or alternatively from lithogenic material originating from Ligurian riverine flooding (December 2003, Arno, Roya and Var rivers). Those associated export fluxes defined as "lithogenic events", are believed to result from a combination of forcing (winter mixing or Saharan events, in particular extreme ones), biological (zooplankton) activity, and also organic-mineral aggregation inducing a ballast effect. By fertilising the surface layer, mixed Saharan dust events were shown to be able to induce "lithogenic events" during the stratification period. These events would be more efficient in transferring POC to the deeper layers than the spring bloom itself. The extreme Saharan event of February 2004 exported ~45% of the total annual POC, compared to an average of ~25% for the bloom period. This emphasises the role played by these "lithogenic events", and in particular those that are induced by the more extreme Saharan events, in the carbon export efficiency in the North-western Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Deposition Of Heavy Metals In Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Atmospheric deposition rates of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined from July 2009−December 2010 in downtown Toronto. Atmospheric deposition samples were collected using samplers with plastic, glass and water surfaces from two rooftops (15 m and 59 m above ground) in the city core of Toronto. Mercury species were analyzed using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (CVAFS) and the rest of metals were analyzed by acid digestion combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that the deposition of heavy metals was higher on water surface as compared to both the plastic and glass surfaces and that Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn showed higher deposition rates as compared to As, Cd, Co and Ni. The deposition rates were higher on Kerr Hall North (KHN) site indicating contribution from local sources. For total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg), the deposition rates were higher on Jorgenson (JOR) site as compared to KHN site.

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Monoecious Cultivars Grown in Central Italy: An Untargeted Chemical Characterization from Early Flowering to Ripening

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Ingallina ◽  
Anatoly P. Sobolev ◽  
Simone Circi ◽  
Mattia Spano ◽  
Caterina Fraschetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Very High

The chemical composition of the inflorescences from four Cannabis sativa L. monoecious cultivars (Ferimon, Uso-31, Felina 32 and Fedora 17), recently introduced in the Lazio Region, was monitored over the season from June to September giving indications on their sensorial, pharmaceutical/nutraceutical proprieties. Both untargeted (NMR) and targeted (GC/MS, UHPLC, HPLC-PDA/FD and spectrophotometry) analyses were carried out to identify and quantify compounds of different classes (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, cannabinoids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and biogenic amines). All cultivars in each harvesting period showed a THC content below the Italian legal limit, although in general THC content increased over the season. Citric acid, malic acid and glucose showed the highest content in the late flowering period, whereas the content of proline drastically decreased after June in all cultivars. Neophytadiene, nerolidol and chlorogenic acid were quantified only in Felina 32 cultivar, characterized also by a very high content of flavonoids, whereas alloaromadendrene and trans-cinnamic acid were detected only in Uso-31 cultivar. Naringenin and naringin were present only in Fedora 17 and Ferimon cultivars, respectively. Moreover, Ferimon had the highest concentration of biogenic amines, especially in July and August. Cadaverine was present in all cultivars but only in September. These results suggest that the chemical composition of Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences depends on the cultivar and on the harvesting period. Producers can use this information as a guide to obtain inflorescences with peculiar chemical characteristics according to the specific use.

scholarly journals Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Zhang ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Xilu Ni ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
National Standard ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs

Intense industrial activities could result in massive accumulations of trace elements in the soil and risk the terrestrial ecosystems and human health. A total of 119 topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Huinong District, Ningxia, Northwest China, were collected, and the contents of six trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were lower than the national standard values of class II, while As and Cd were 2.77 and 3.92 times the corresponding threshold values. Multivariate analyses revealed six metals can be categorized into three principal components (PC). PC1 was As, Cd, and Pb, which originated from anthropogenic inputs. PC2 consisted of Cr and Cu, which originated from the natural geological background. PC3 only included Zn and was mainly due to agricultural impacts. The spatial distribution of six metals greatly varied from local anthropic inputs. For As and Cd, the most heavily polluted area was located in the north and southwest parts of the study area, whereas most Zn was enriched in the southern part, which was mainly agricultural land. The topsoil in this area displayed a moderate environmental risk with the metal pollution order of Cd > As > Zn ≈ Cr ≈ Pb ≈ Cu. Moreover, the contents of trace elements in the industrial land and water were relatively higher than those in other land-use types, indicating a considerable risk of metal migration and accumulation to rivers and the groundwater. It is suggested that effective remediation measures for Cd and As, in particular, should be properly employed for the sustainable development of the soil and groundwater, while reducing the risk of elements to the local residents in Huinong District.

scholarly journals Reference Interval for Renal Profile parameters in North Indian Population from Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Dharmveer Yadav ◽  
Monika Gupta ◽  
Sandhya Mishra ◽  
Praveen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Objective Reference

Objective: Reference intervals are an essential part of laboratory medicine. Current study was planned to evaluate renal parameters in the healthy defined group of individuals which would serve as reference values of renal parameters for the North Indian population from Rajasthan.Design & Methods: Present study was conducted on 2021 apparently healthy individuals of North Indian origin ranging in age from 15-60 years, were selected randomly using defined criteria. Fasting samples were analyzed for Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride. Data were analyzed for middle 95 percentile (2.5th-97.5th percentile), median and 95% confidence interval using SPSS software package version 10.0.Result: RI for Urea, Creatinine and uric acid were lower in female (16-42mg/dl, 0.6-1.2mg/dl, 2.4-6.8mg/dl) as compared to male (17.00-44.35mg/dl, 0.7-1.5mg/dl, 2.8-7.2mg/dl). There was a progressive increase in urea, uric acid and Creatinine with increase in age. Though no appreciable differences could be observed in respect to most of renal parameters in rural versus urban, a wider range for uric acid was observed in urban population (2.50-7.20mg/dl). Except for Na+, K+ and Cl-, rest of parameters i.e. urea, creatinine, uric acid were higher range in obese as compared to non obese (17-45 Vs 17-44, 0.66-1.5 Vs 0.60-1.40, 2.5-7.4 Vs 2.5-7.0). Uric acid level was also found to be higher in non vegetarian population (2.6-7.5mg/dl).Conclusion: Findings of this study provide sex, age, BMI, habitat and diet specific renal function reference values to be used for North Indian population.

ANÁLISE TÉCNICO ECONÔMICA DO APROVEITAMENTO DA PALHADA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO NORTE DO PARANÁ

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Thiago Ometto Zorzenoni ◽  
Rai Rigonatto Batista ◽  
Rai Rigonatto Batista ◽  
Cristiane De Conti Medina ◽  
João Tavares Filho
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Fleet Sizing ◽  
The North ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
The City

A palhada representa um terço da energia primária da cana-de-açúcar, mas a sua utilização ainda é incipiente, apesar da grande potencialidade para o seu aproveitamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de geração de energia elétrica da palhada de cana-de-açúcar em conjunto com o bagaço, através de uma análise técnico-econômica. Realizou -se o dimensionamento de uma frota dedicada ao recolhimento da palhada e de uma nova planta de cogeração, com substituição das caldeiras e turbinas existentes, inclusive as turbinas de acionamento dos equipamentos de preparação e extração, em uma usina típica do norte do Paraná. Foram estimados os investimentos necessários para a aquisição dessa frota e da modernização proposta para a área industrial. Os custos do recolhimento da palhada e da geração de energia elétrica foram calculados, bem como o preço mínimo de venda da energia. Também foram calculados a quantidade de consumidores residenciais e os municípios que poderiam ser abastecidos por essa energia. A capacidade de exportação é de 111,912 kWh por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar, com custo da palhada no pátio de bagaço da usina a R$68,08 t-1, custo da energia-elétrica de R$125,55 MWh e preço mínimo de comercialização da energia a R$316,64 MWh. A energia elétrica exportada pode atender uma população de 87.946 pessoas, o que corresponde a energia consumida pela cidade onde estaria localizado o projeto e de mais seis municípios canavieiros do Norte do Paraná. O projeto proporciona a criação de 96 novos empregos diretos.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Cogeração, eletricidade, bioenergia, biomassa, enfardamento. TechnIC-economic evaluation of sugarcane straw FOR power generation in ParanA STATEABSTRACT: The straw represents one-third of the sugarcane’s primary energy, but its exploitation is still incipient, despite having a huge potential for its utilization. This research aimed to evaluate the potential energy generation of sugarcane residues together with the bagasse, through a technical and economic analysis. The fleet sizing dedicated to straw harvesting and a new combined heat and power plant, replacing the existing boilers and turbines, inclusive the turbines of preparation and extraction, was made in a north of Parana’s typical sugarcane mill. All the investments required were estimated in order to purchase this new fleet and proposals for the modernization of the industrial area. The straw harvesting and electrical power generation expenses were determined, as well as the energy’s minimum selling price. The residential consumers were also estimated and as well as the cities that could be supplied with this energy. The export capability is 111.912 kW per ton of cane, the straw in the plant’s stockyards R$68.08 t-1, electrical energy cost R$125.55 MWh and the energy selling minimum price, R$316.64 MWh. The exported energy attends an 87,946 population, what corresponds to the power consumption of the city where the project takes place and over 6 sugar cane producer cities in the North of Parana. This project provides 96 new direct employment creation.KEYWORDS: Cogeneration, electricity, bioenergy, biomass, baling.

CHANGE IN BLOOD HEMATOLOGI-CAL PARAMETERS IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC COURSE OF BABESIOSIS IN DOGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
D.E. Chervyakov ◽  
◽  
S.N. Lutsuk ◽  
O.V. Dilekova ◽  
D.A. Proskurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
The North ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
The City ◽  
Chronic Course

Currently, on the territory of the North Cau-casus Federal District, namely in the city of Stav-ropol, according to unofficial data, there are about 250 thousand domestic animals, including about 80 thousand dogs. Infection with invasive diseases accounts for 31-33% of the total number of diseases, which include blood-parasitic diseas-es, in the amount of 9-11 cases per 100 head. Invasion of Babesia canis varies depending on the season and averages 4% of the total number of diseases. In this regard, hematological parame-ters have been studied in acute and chronic course of babesiosis in dogs. As a result, it was revealed that in acute and chronic course there is a decrease in the number of eryth-rocytes to 4.756 ± 0.3149 * 1012 / l, which is lower than the reference values by 13.5%, and to 5.344 ± 0.781 * 1012 / l, which is lower by 2 , 8% respectively. There is also a decrease in hemoglobin in the acute course to 113.4 ± 7.567 g / l, or 5.5%, in the chronic course this hemato-logical indicator is within the reference values. A decrease in hematocrit is ob-served in both courses of babesiosis and amounts to 0.3252 ± 0.01925 l / l, which is 12.1% lower than the reference values in acute and up to 0.3496 ± 0.04137 l / l, or 5, 5% for chronic. Also, in the acute course of this disease, there is a decrease in leukocytes to 5.487 ± 0.4701 * 109 / l, which is 8.5% lower than the reference values. We paid special attention to the manifested changes in platelet counts, and re-vealed significant thrombocytopenia, in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets to 26.67 ± 2.8 * 109 / l, or 86.6%, as well as thrombocyte to 0.01973 ± 0.005502 cells / l, which is 90.1% lower than the reference values in acute course. And also in chronic cases, a decrease in platelets to 116.8 ± 10.97 * 109 / l, or 41.6%, and thrombocrit to 0.068 ± 0.01794 cells / l, or 66%, re-spectively, was revealed.

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