scholarly journals A Concise Review of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Oral Biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3232
Author(s):  
Jingyang Zhang ◽  
Sofiya-Roksolana Got ◽  
Iris Xiaoxue Yin ◽  
Edward Chin-Man Lo ◽  
Chun-Hung Chu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride

Studies have shown that silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective agent to arrest and prevent dental caries due to its mineralizing and antibacterial properties. While plenty of studies have investigated the mineralizing properties, there are few papers that have examined its antibacterial effect on oral biofilm. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of silver diamine fluoride on oral biofilm. Method: The keywords used were (silver diamine fluoride OR silver diammine fluoride OR SDF OR silver fluoride OR AgF AND biofilm OR plaque). Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts and then retrieved the full text of the potentially eligible publications. Publications of original research investigating the effect of SDF on oral biofilm were selected for this review. Results: This review included 15 laboratory studies and six clinical studies among the 540 papers identified. The laboratory studies found that SDF could prevent bacterial adhesion to the tooth surface. SDF also inhibited the growth of cariogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Enterococcus faecalis, thus contributing to its success in caries arrest. One clinical study reported a decrease in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp. in arrested caries after SDF treatment, and another clinical study found that SDF inhibited the growth of periodontitis microbiota, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens. However, three clinical studies reported no significant change in the microbial diversity of the plaque on the tooth after SDF treatment. Moreover, one laboratory study and one clinical research study reported that SDF inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Conclusion: Not many research studies have investigated the effects of SDF on oral biofilm, although SDF has been used as a caries-arresting agent with antibacterial properties. However, a few publications have reported that SDF prevented bacterial adhesion to the teeth, inhibited the growth of cariogenic and periodontal bacteria, and possessed antifungal properties.

scholarly journals Effects of Complex DNA and MVs with GTF Extracted from Streptococcus mutans on the Oral Biofilm

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenobu Senpuku ◽  
Tomoyo Nakamura ◽  
Yusuke Iwabuchi ◽  
Satoru Hirayama ◽  
Ryoma Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Biofilm

Streptococcus mutans is one of the principal pathogens for the development of dental caries. Oral biofilms formed by S. mutans are constructed of insoluble glucan formation induced by the principal enzymes, GTF-I and GTF-SI, in sucrose-containing conditions. However, as another means of biofilm formation, extracellular DNA (eDNA) and membrane vesicles (MVs) are also contributors. To explore the roles of eDNA and MVs for biofilm formation, short and whole size pure DNAs, two types of sub-purified DNAs and MVs were extracted from S. mutans by beads destruction, treatment of proteinase K, and ultracentrifugation of culture supernatant, and applied into the biofilm formation assay using the S. mutans UA159 gtfBC mutant, which lost GTF-I and GTF-SI, on a human saliva-coated 96 well microtiter plate in sucrose-containing conditions. Sub-purified DNAs after cell lysis by beads destruction for total 90 and 180 s showed a complex form of short-size DNA with various proteins and MVs associated with GTF-I and GTF-SI, and induced significantly higher biofilm formation of the S. mutans UA159.gtfBC mutant than no sample (p < 0.05). Short-size pure DNA without proteins induced biofilm formation but whole-size pure DNA did not. Moreover, the complex form of MV associated with GTFs and short-size DNA showed significantly higher biofilm formation of initial colonizers on the human tooth surface such as Streptococcus mitis than no sample (p < 0.05). The short-size DNAs associated with MVs and GTFs are important contributors to the biofilm formation and may be one of additional targets for the prevention of oral biofilm-associated diseases.

Synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes with ZnO nanoparticles to achieve antibacterial properties and stem cell compatibility

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 9050-9062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Penglei Su ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Yuanping Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cell Compatibility

ZnO incorporated Ti samples inhibited the expression of Streptococcus mutans bacterial adhesion genes and also inhibited P. gingivalis proliferation. (a) S. mutans and (b) P. gingivalis on the sample of TNT–Zn0.075.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF): its role in caries management

Dental Update ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmi O Crystal
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Caries Management ◽  
Restorative Therapy

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) combines the antibacterial properties of silver and the remineralizing actions of fluoride in an alkaline solution that creates an unfavourable environment for collagen degradation. Clinical trials have proven the efficacy of SDF as a caries-arresting agent in primary teeth and root caries in the elderly. It is minimally invasive, inexpensive, safe and easy to apply, but a sign of arrest is the dark discoloration of the lesions where it is applied. SDF provides clinicians with a valuable additional tool in their armamentarium for caries management that aims to stop the disease process at the tooth surface, when traditional restorative therapy is not the best option, and when aesthetic results are not a concern. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) provides clinicians with an additional valuable option for arresting dental caries as part of a comprehensive caries management plan when traditional restorative therapy is not the best option.

scholarly journals Mechanical Tooth Depuration and Pocket Depth: A Correlative Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Anika Daing ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Jaya Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Surgical Flap ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Closed Approach ◽  
Flap Elevation

Background and aims. Previous researches, conducted mostly on extracted teeth, have shown that efficacy of calculus removal decreases with increasing pocket depth, but there is still a lack of clinical studies concerning the correlation between residual calculus and varying pocket depths. The objective of the present clinical study was to assess the efficiency of mechanical tooth depuration by closed approach in terms of pocket depth, tooth type and tooth surface. Materials and methods. Fifty subjects with chronic periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing by closed approach. After instrumentation, 225 teeth (92 single-rooted and 133 multi-rooted) with pocket depths of 4 mm and 5‒8 mm were evaluated for calculus-positive surfaces by surgical flap elevation. Residual calculus was assigned a score from 1 to 3 based on the distance in mm from CEJ or furcation. Results. 11.4% of surfaces were calculus-positive. On inter-pocket depth comparison, calculus-positive surfaces were present in both single- and multi-rooted teeth, with no significant differences. Residual calculus score 1 was significantly associated with a pocket depth of 4 mm and scores 2 and 3 with pocket depths 5‒8 mm in overall distribution and for multi-rooted teeth. Conclusion. During mechanical tooth depuration by closed approach, no significant correlation was found between percentages of calculus-positive surfaces and increasing pocket depth.

scholarly journals Robust Step Detection from Different Waist-Worn Sensor Positions: Implications for Clinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matthias  Tietsch ◽  
Amir Muaremi ◽  
Ieuan Clay ◽  
Felix Kluge ◽  
Holger Hoefling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Step Detection ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Analyzing human gait with inertial sensors provides valuable insights into a wide range of health impairments, including many musculoskeletal and neurological diseases. A representative and reliable assessment of gait requires continuous monitoring over long periods and ideally takes place in the subjects’ habitual environment (real-world). An inconsistent sensor wearing position can affect gait characterization and influence clinical study results, thus clinical study protocols are typically highly proscriptive, instructing all participants to wear the sensor in a uniform manner. This restrictive approach improves data quality but reduces overall adherence. In this work, we analyze the impact of altering the sensor wearing position around the waist on sensor signal and step detection. We demonstrate that an asymmetrically worn sensor leads to additional odd-harmonic frequency components in the frequency spectrum. We propose a robust solution for step detection based on autocorrelation to overcome sensor position variation (sensitivity = 0.99, precision = 0.99). The proposed solution reduces the impact of inconsistent sensor positioning on gait characterization in clinical studies, thus providing more flexibility to protocol implementation and more freedom to participants to wear the sensor in the position most comfortable to them. This work is a first step towards truly position-agnostic gait assessment in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ali Alqerban
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Imaging

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of riboflavin (RF) and rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer modified adhesive resin on the degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial capacity after bonded to tooth surface. Different concentrations of RB and RF were prepared by homogenization method. An ultraviolet light source A (UVA) (375 nm wavelength, 3 mW/cm2 power) was used for 30 min irradiation.FTIR was performed for control and test adhesives to analyze the DC. Antibacterial testing was performed using the MTT assay. Metal brackets were bonded using the modified adhesives and subjected for SEM examination. The surfaces of teeth and metal brackets were examined at ×10 magnification for assessing adhesive remnant index (ARI) after PDT, 24 h and thermocycling. For DC, control group, 0.1% RB and RF after PDT showed the highest value. SEM imaging indicated lowest growth of Streptococcus mutans over 0.5% of RB-PDT and RF-PDT as compared to the control group. The MTT assay outcomes reported that the activity of S. mutans substantially decreased with the addition of a high amount of either RB or RF (p < 0.01). Mean ARI scores showed a significant difference between all groups. This study concluded that 0.1% of either RB or RF after PDT can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface with substantial antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and safety of a new dental plaque removal device utilizing micro mist spray for removing oral biofilm in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Hihara ◽  
Ryo Tagaino ◽  
Jumpei Washio ◽  
Kittipong Laosuwan ◽  
Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Removal of oral biofilm from the oral mucosa is essential for preventing risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in elderly people. Currently, no device is available which can remove oral biofilm from oral mucosa effectively and safely. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of the Micro Scale Mist UNIT (MSM-UNIT), a newly developed dental plaque removal device utilizing high speed sprays of fine water droplets, were evaluated for biofilm removal, including the rate and surface roughness for simulated tooth surface and mucous membrane. Methods Simulated tooth and oral mucosa coated with an artificial biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were used for evaluation of effectiveness, with uncoated substrates as the controls. The MSM-UNIT and a conventional air ablation device were operated under recommended instructions. The effectiveness was evaluated from the rate of removal of the biofilm, and the safety was evaluated from the damage observed by scanning electron microscope and surface roughness. Results The biofilm removal rate of the MSM-UNIT was significantly higher than that of AIRFLOW. Little damage was observed in the area treated by the MSM-UNIT. The surface roughness of the MSM-UNIT treated area on simulated tooth surface and oral mucosa showed no significant difference to the control area. In contrast, cracks and powder were observed in the area treated by AIRFLOW. In particular, the surface roughness of the AIRFLOW treated area for Toughsilon was significantly larger than that of the control. Conclusions The MSM-UNIT could be used safely and effectively for removing biofilm not only on simulated tooth surfaces but also simulated mucous membrane. The MSM-UNIT has no harmful effect on teeth or oral mucosa, and may be used for comprehensive oral care for patients during nursing care and the perioperative period.

An Investigation on the Properties of Zingiber officinale Rose and Its Application in Nutrition and Medicine Based on Scientific and Islamic Texts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fathi ◽  
Fatemeh Faraji ◽  
Niusha Esmaealzadeh ◽  
Shahram Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Mohammadi Laeeni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Introduction: Zingiber officinale Rose (ginger) has been used for many purposes in traditional medicine since 2500 years ago. This study intends to introduce the ginger plant, some of their applications in the field of human health in traditional and modern medicine, and their conformity with Islamic and Quranic findings. Material and Methods: Administrative and therapeutic information of ginger plant has been searched in related and valid books, scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Ginger keyword has been searched in the Quran and hadiths and its medicinal and pharmacological properties; also in traditional Persian medicine and laboratory studies, the day, was collected from published articles. In order to confirm the obtained information, it was matched with Quranic and narration versions, and the obtained information was analyzed, compiled, and presented. Results: Avicenna has mentioned the positive effects of ginger in his Canon of Medicine. The Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health in Iran has also introduced ginger as a dietary supplement. Ginger is one of those plants which name is mentioned in the Quran, in verse 17 of Surah Al-Insan. In narrations and quoting scientists as well as in modern medicine and articles, the effects and application of this plant in the field of medicine and nutrition have been mentioned. Conclusion: The results have shown that the use of ginger in nutrition as a spice or supplement and in Persian medicine as a medicament has a scientific and practical basis, and studies on this issue are confirmed both in science and Islam. Findings obtained from laboratory and clinical studies can also be effective in the proper use and preparation of appropriate medicinal forms of this plant.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stressors Modify the Response of Streptococcus mutans to Its Competence Signal Peptides

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew De Furio ◽  
Sang Joon Ahn ◽  
Robert A. Burne ◽  
Stephen J. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Genetic Competence ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe dental caries pathogenStreptococcus mutansis continually exposed to several types of stress in the oral biofilm environment. Oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species has a major impact on the establishment, persistence, and virulence ofS. mutans. Here, we combined fluorescent reporter-promoter fusions with single-cell imaging to study the effects of reactive oxygen species on activation of genetic competence inS. mutans. Exposure to paraquat, which generates superoxide anion, produced a qualitatively different effect on activation of expression of the gene for the master competence regulator, ComX, than did treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can yield hydroxyl radical. Paraquat suppressed peptide-mediated induction ofcomXin a progressive and cumulative fashion, whereas the response to H2O2displayed a strong threshold behavior. Low concentrations of H2O2had little effect on induction ofcomXor the bacteriocin genecipB, but expression of these genes declined sharply if extracellular H2O2exceeded a threshold concentration. These effects were not due to decreased reporter gene fluorescence. Two different threshold concentrations were observed in the response to H2O2, depending on the gene promoter that was analyzed and the pathway by which the competence regulon was stimulated. The results show that paraquat and H2O2affect theS. mutanscompetence signaling pathway differently, and that some portions of the competence signaling pathway are more sensitive to oxidative stress than others.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus mutansinhabits the oral biofilm, where it plays an important role in the development of dental caries. Environmental stresses such as oxidative stress influence the growth ofS. mutansand its important virulence-associated behaviors, such as genetic competence.S. mutanscompetence development is a complex behavior that involves two different signaling peptides and can exhibit cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Although oxidative stress is known to influenceS. mutanscompetence, it is not understood how oxidative stress interacts with the peptide signaling or affects heterogeneity. In this study, we used fluorescent reporters to probe the effect of reactive oxygen species on competence signaling at the single-cell level. Our data show that different reactive oxygen species have different effects onS. mutanscompetence, and that some portions of the signaling pathway are more acutely sensitive to oxidative stress than others.

scholarly journals The anti-adherence effect of Lippia sidoides Cham: extract against microorganisms of dental biofilm

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.L. Albuquerque ◽  
M.S.V. Pereira ◽  
D.F. Silva ◽  
L.F. Pereira ◽  
F.A.C. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lippia Sidoides ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
In Vitro Simulation

Most illnesses affecting the oral cavity are proven to have infectious origin. Several categories of chemical agents have been used in the chemical control of dental biofilm through strategies that aim at reducing bacterial adhesion and inhibiting the growth and the proliferation of microorganisms on the tooth surface. The use of plants in folk medicine and in Dentistry, as well as the spread of successful cases, has led to scientific exploration, resulting in chemical-pharmacological knowledge of thousands of plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-adherence activity of Lippia sidoides Cham., comparing the results with those of 0.12% chlorhexidine by means of an in vitro simulation of dental biofilm. The studied bacterial strains were Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus casei, main responsible for the biofilm adherence. The studied extract was effective in inhibiting the adherence of Streptococcus mutans up to a concentration of 1:16, compared to Chlorhexidine. Lippia sidoides Cham extract showed anti-adherence effect on the major microorganisms responsible for dental biofilm consolidation.

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