scholarly journals Sliding Mode-Based Slip Control of Compact Electric Vehicle Truck for Varying Load and Yaw Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6465
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Woo Kim ◽  
Hyun-Rok Cha
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Slip Control ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Ev Model ◽  
The Impact

Vehicle stability is a critical problem, especially for compact electric vehicle (EV) trucks, owing to the impact of the cargo weight and cornering characteristics. In this study, this problem was approached by mathematically formulating the change in the understeer characteristics of an EV truck as variable mass understeer gradient (VMUG) according to the vehicle cargo weight to design the reference yaw rate without the need to consider cornering stiffness. Comparison was made with the conventional methods by applying the VMUG-based slip control while simulating the yaw rate and side-slip tracking performance of the compact EV model for normal loading and overloading conditions. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the existing methods. The proposed method has the potential for application for stability enhancement in non-electric and general-purpose vehicles as well.

Wheel Slip Control for the Electric Vehicle With In-Wheel Motors: Variable Structure and Sliding Mode Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 8535-8544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzmitry Savitski ◽  
Valentin Ivanov ◽  
Klaus Augsburg ◽  
Tomoki Emmei ◽  
Hiroyuki Fuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Control

scholarly journals Lane Departure Avoidance Control for Electric Vehicle Using Torque Allocation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwan Wu ◽  
Zhengqiang Chen ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Avoidance Control ◽  
Yaw Moment

This paper focuses on the lane departure avoidance system for a four in-wheel motors’ drive electric vehicle, aiming at preventing lane departure under dangerous driving conditions. The control architecture for the lane departure avoidance system is hierarchical. In the upper controller, the desired yaw rate was calculated with the consideration of vehicle-lane deviation, vehicle dynamic, and the limitation of road adhesion. In the middle controller, a sliding mode controller (SMC) was designed to control the additional yaw moment. In the lower layer, the yaw moment was produced by the optimal distribution of driving/braking torque between four wheels. Lane departure avoidance was carried out by tracking desired yaw response. Simulations were performed to study the effectiveness of the control algorithm in Carsim®/Simulink® cosimulation. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can effectively confine the vehicle in lane and prevent lane departure accidents.

scholarly journals A Trajectory Tracking Control Strategy of 4WIS/4WID Electric Vehicle with Adaptation of Driving Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Zheng ◽  
Shuo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Performance Objective ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Driving Torque

The Four Wheel Independent Steering/Driving (4WIS/4WID) electric vehicle has the advantage that the rotation angle and driving torque of each wheel can be independently and accurately controlled. In this paper, a trajectory tracking strategy based on the hierarchical control method is designed. In the path tracking layer, the nonlinear state feedback controller is used, and the neural network Proportion Integration Differentiation (NNPID) controller is designed to track the desired path and to obtain the desired yaw rate. By tracking the desired yaw rate and vehicle speed, the terminal sliding mode controller in vehicle dynamics control layer calculates the desired resultant tire force. In the tire force distribution layer, the multiple optimization objectives, including vehicle stability performance objective, energy-saving performance objective, and tire wear energy consumption objectives are determined and the weight coefficient is adaptive to different working conditions based on fuzzy logic theory. Finally, the wheel steering angle and driving torque of each wheel are calculated by the nonlinear three-degree-of-freedom vehicle model. Simulation results show that it realizes the adaptive control of tire force while tracking the desired trajectory, improves the stability and energy saving of the vehicle, and effectively reduces tire wear.

scholarly journals Research on Steering Stability Control of Dual In-Wheel Motor-Driven EV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrong Guo ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
High Flexibility

Abstract The dual in-wheel motor electric vehicle has the advantages of fast response and high flexibility, while its stability and safety are more difficult to control. To study the stability control of the dual in-wheel electric vehicle when turning, firstly, the paper establishes the Ackerman model of the dual in-wheel electric vehicle, and controls the wheel speed and slip rate by the method of logical threshold value; then establishes the linear two degree of freedom model of the double hub electric vehicle, obtains the vehicle yaw moment and ideal yaw rate by using the mathematical formula, and controls the wheel speed and slip rate by the sliding mode control. The moment is distributed so that the actual yaw rate keeps tracking the ideal value. The electronic differential control strategy of wheel slip rate and wheel yaw rate is established. Finally, the control strategy is simulated by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy of slip rate and yaw rate can make the vehicle drive stably when turning.

scholarly journals Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Julian Wruk ◽  
Kevin Cibis ◽  
Matthias Resch ◽  
Hanne Sæle ◽  
Markus Zdrallek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

scholarly journals Radiomics side experiments and DAFIT approach in identifying pulmonary hypertension using Cardiac MRI derived radiomics based machine learning models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarv Priya ◽  
Tanya Aggarwal ◽  
Caitlin Ward ◽  
Girish Bathla ◽  
Mathews Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Feature Filtering ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSide experiments are performed on radiomics models to improve their reproducibility. We measure the impact of myocardial masks, radiomic side experiments and data augmentation for information transfer (DAFIT) approach to differentiate patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH) using cardiac MRI (CMRI) derived radiomics. Feature extraction was performed from the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) myocardial masks using CMRI in 82 patients (42 PH and 40 controls). Various side study experiments were evaluated: Original data without and with intraclass correlation (ICC) feature-filtering and DAFIT approach (without and with ICC feature-filtering). Multiple machine learning and feature selection strategies were evaluated. Primary analysis included all PH patients with subgroup analysis including PH patients with preserved LVEF (≥ 50%). For both primary and subgroup analysis, DAFIT approach without feature-filtering was the highest performer (AUC 0.957–0.958). ICC approaches showed poor performance compared to DAFIT approach. The performance of combined LV and RV masks was superior to individual masks alone. There was variation in top performing models across all approaches (AUC 0.862–0.958). DAFIT approach with features from combined LV and RV masks provide superior performance with poor performance of feature filtering approaches. Model performance varies based upon the feature selection and model combination.

GPTs and growth: evidence on the technological adoption of electrical and electronic technologies in the 1920s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Petralia
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
General Purpose Technologies ◽  
Technological Adoption ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electronic Technologies ◽  
Patenting Activity

Abstract The pervasive diffusion of electricity-related technologies at the beginning of the twentieth century has been studied extensively to understand the transformative potential of general purpose technologies (GPTs). Most of what we know, however, has been investigated in relation to the diffusion of their use. This article provides evidence on the county-level economic impact of the technological adoption of electrical and electronic (E&E) technologies in the 1920s in the United States (US). It focuses on measuring the impact of a GPT on technological adopters, i.e., those who are able to develop, transform, and complement it. It is shown that places with patenting activity in E&E technologies grew faster and paid higher wages than others between 1920 and 1930. This analysis required constructing a novel database identifying detailed geographical information for historical patent documents in the US since 1836, as well as developing a text-mining algorithm to identify E&E patents based on patent descriptions.

scholarly journals NonlinearL2-Gain Analysis of Hybrid Systems in the Presence of Sliding Modes and Impacts

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Osuna ◽  
O. E. Montano ◽  
Y. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Sliding Modes ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Attenuation Level ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation Level ◽  
The Impact

TheL2-gain analysis is extended towards hybrid mechanical systems, operating under unilateral constraints and admitting both sliding modes and collision phenomena. Sufficient conditions for such a system to be internally asymptotically stable and to possessL2-gain less than ana priorigiven disturbance attenuation level are derived in terms of two independent inequalities which are imposed on continuous-time dynamics and on discrete disturbance factor that occurs at the collision time instants. The former inequality may be viewed as the Hamilton-Jacobi inequality for discontinuous vector fields, and it is separately specified beyond and along sliding modes, which occur in the system between collisions. Thus interpreted, the former inequality should impose the desired integral input-to-state stability (iISS) property on the Filippov dynamics between collisions whereas the latter inequality is invoked to ensure that the impact dynamics (when the state trajectory hits the unilateral constraint) are input-to-state stable (ISS). These inequalities, being coupled together, form the constructive procedure, effectiveness of which is supported by the numerical study made for an impacting double integrator, driven by a sliding mode controller. Desired disturbance attenuation level is shown to satisfactorily be achieved under external disturbances during the collision-free phase and in the presence of uncertainties in the transition phase.

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