Effects of Essential Oils and Selected Compounds from Lamiaceae Family as Adjutants on the Treatment of Subjects with Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk

Essential oils from different plant species were found to contain different compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapy that is limited in long-term use due to its serious side effects. Generally, the first mechanism by which an organism counteracts injurious stimuli is inflammation, which is considered a part of the innate immune system. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome that triggers an exacerbated immune response of the host. The immune–inflammatory component leads to the destruction of gingival and alveolar bone tissue. The main anti-inflammation strategies negatively modulate the inflammatory pathways and the involvement of inflammatory mediators by interfering with the gene’s expression or on the activity of some enzymes and so affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a possible target from an effective and safe approach, suing plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence about the effects of essentials oils from derived from plants of the Lamiaceae family as complementary agents for the treatment of subjects with periodontitis and their possible effect on the cardiovascular risk of these patients.

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Volatile Composition, Toxicity, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Mucuna pruriens

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20932326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X2093232

Author(s):

Opeyemi N. Avoseh ◽

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

Gbenga O. Ojenike ◽

Fanyana M. Mtunzi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Opioid Analgesic ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Opioid Antagonist ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammation

The volatile constituents, toxicity, antinociception, and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil obtained from the leaf of Mucuna pruriens utilis collected from Nigeria are reported. The essential oil was analyzed comprehensively utilizing gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) using the HP-5 column. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory assays were analyzed by a hot plate, formalin, and carrageenan-induced edema assays, respectively. The essential oil was obtained in a yield of 0.2% (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. A total of 36 compounds representing 94.8% of the oil contents were identified. The oil contained a high content of ( E)-2-hexenal (19.0%), linalool (8.9%), 1-hexanol (6.6%), and trans-dehydroxylinalool oxide (5.2%). The analgesic property of the essential oil was slightly significant ( P < 0.5) only at the third hour for the 400 mg/kg while other doses are less active. The rate of inhibition was moderate (24.1%-54%) during the analgesic phase of the formalin assay. The rate of inhibition at the anti-inflammatory phases of both formalin and carrageenan were significantly high (100%) and P < 0.001 for all the doses during the reaction duration. The potential proinflammatory mechanism might be due to effects on several proinflammatory mediators, including, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin, and the ability of the essential oils to act as centrally mediated opioid analgesic. Mucuna pruriens essential oils displayed a high anti-inflammation potential and can be used as a potential centrally mediated opioid antagonist against analgesia.

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Current Evidence for the Use of Smoflipid® Emulsion in Critical Care Patients for Parenteral Nutrition

Critical Care Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2018/6301293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Alberto A. Leguina-Ruzzi ◽

Rina Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hospital Length ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Structural Function ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Total Treatment ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Body Energy

There are strong data showing that malnutrition is highly prevalent in intensive care unit patients (20–50% in the worldwide), presenting a negative accumulated body energy balance. This results in an increased mortality, infections, and hospital length stay with high costs associated with the total treatment. Parenteral nutrition is the first option when the patient’s physical condition is not suitable for oral nutrient intake. It is composed essentially by lipids as an energy source, metabolic, and structural function. However, these patients also require a mixture of essential and nonessential fatty acids (SMOF emulsions) to supply not only energy needs but also restore immunological, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative functions. A revision of the safety and efficacy of Smoflipid® in patients requiring long-term parenteral nutrition was discussed here. Although controversial data are available indicating the contraindications or effectiveness of its use, most of studies presented indicate favorable benefits associated with improved clinical outcomes. The reported roles of this supplementation include positive immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, positive impact in liver function, reduction of hospital stay, and nosocomial infections as additional contributions to its energetic role, which in many cases results in reduced total costs per patient. Finally, many authors propose that the use of Smoflipid® should become a gold standard of parenteral nutrition in intensive unit care patients and that the costs associated with this supplement should not be limiting for its use, not only to improve the clinical outcome but also to reduce the treatment costs.

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Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Triglyceridemia

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933178 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. S371-S375 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. KOVÁŘ ◽

K. ZEMÁNKOVÁ

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

The Other ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽

Standard Drink ◽

Circulation Current ◽

The Relationship

The review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption (1 standard drink a day for women; 2 drinks a day for men) on triglyceride concentration in circulation. Current evidence suggests that the relationship between alcohol consumption and triglyceridemia is J-shaped. Triglyceridemia is lowest in subjects who drink 10-20 g/alcohol a day. Such a J-shaped association is comparable with that described for the relationship between alcohol and cardiovascular risk. On the contrary, alcohol taken with a meal increases and prolongs postprandial triglyceridemia. Such effects of alcohol consumption may be at least partially explained by the effects of ethanol on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Long-term moderate alcohol consumption increases LPL activity, which may explain its TG-lowering effect. On the other hand, LPL activity is acutely downregulated by ethanol, which explains increased postprandial triglyceridemia.

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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition as a Pharmacological Approach to Treat Obesity

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2011/431985 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Barry Sears ◽

Camillo Ricordi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Innate Immune ◽

General Outline ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact ◽

Inflammatory Component

Obesity is a multifactorial condition resulting from improper balances of hormones and gene expression induced by the diet. Obesity also has a strong inflammatory component that can be driven by diet-induced increases in arachidonic acid. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the molecular targets that can be addressed by anti-inflammatory nutrition. These molecular targets range from reduction of proinflammatory eicosanoids to the modulation of features of the innate immune system, such as toll-like receptors and gene transcription factors. From knowledge of the impact of these dietary nutrients on these various molecular targets, it becomes possible to develop a general outline of an anti-inflammatory diet that can offer a unique synergism with more traditional pharmacological approaches in treating obesity and its associated comorbidities.

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Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use According to Time Passed After First-Time Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.112.112607 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 126 (16) ◽

pp. 1955-1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Anne-Marie Schjerning Olsen ◽

Emil L. Fosbøl ◽

Jesper Lindhardsen ◽

Fredrik Folke ◽

Mette Charlot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Inflammatory Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

First Time

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Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Nanoparticles Encapsulated By CD90+ MCSs-Derived Microvesicles Drive Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Promote Cartilage Regeneration After Osteoarthritis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1210511/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanlong Li ◽

Qingqiang Tu ◽

Dongmei Xie ◽

Shurui Chen ◽

Kai Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Short Term ◽

Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽

Joint Disorder ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammation

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent human degenerative joint disorder that has long plagued patients. Glucocorticoid injection into the intra-articular (IA) cavity provides potential short-term analgesia and anti-inflammation, but long-term IA causes loss of cartilage content. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reportedly promote cartilage proliferation and increase cartilage content. Methods: The CD90+ MCSs-derived micro-vesicle (CD90@MV)-coated nanoparticle (CD90@NP) was developed. CD90+ MCSs were extracted from human synovial tissue. Cytochalasin B (CB) relaxed the interaction between the cytoskeleton and the cell membranes of CD90+ MCSs, stimulating CD90@MV secretion. The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle was coated with CD90@MV, and a model glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), was encapsulated in CD90@NP (T-CD90@NP). Results: CD90@MV membrane proteins were similar to CD90+ MCSs, indicating that the CD90@MV bio-activity is similar to the cartilage proliferation-inducing CD90+ MCSs. The CD90@NP binding to injury cartilage primary cells was significantly stronger than the erythrocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles (RNP). In the rabbit OA model, long-term IA of T-CD90@NP showed significantly enhanced repair of damaged cartilage than TA and CD90+ MCSs treatments. In the rat OA model, short-term IA of T-CD90@NP showed effective anti-inflammatory ability similar to TA treatment. Moreover, long-term IA of T-CD90@NP induced cartilage to restart the cell cycle and reduced cartilage apoptosis. T-CD90@NP promotes regeneration of chondrocytes, reduces apoptosis via the FOXO pathway, and influences type 2 macrophage polarization to regulate inflammation through IL-10. Conclusion: This study confirms that T-CD90@NP promotes chondrocyte proliferation and anti-inflammation, improving the clinical glucocorticoid treatment plan.

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