scholarly journals Fermented Antler Recovers Stamina, Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Middle-Aged Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Yong-Tae Kim ◽  
Hyejin Jeon ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Keon Heo ◽  
Jae-Jung Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lactobacillus Curvatus ◽  
Muscle Weight

In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602-fermented antler (FA) improved exercise endurance by increasement of muscle mass and strength in a young mouse model. In this study, we investigated the effect of FA on recovery of muscle mass and strength in aging-induced muscle loss. We have used a middle-aged model in which muscle decline begins in many mammalian species. All mice performed treadmill exercise and forced swimming, and measured muscle grip strength. Then, calf muscle weight and histological analysis, blood biomarker and gene expression in soleus muscle tissue were measured. Muscle strength and forced swimming time were significantly increased in the FA-intake groups compared to controls. The levels of muscle and liver damage-related indicators (ATL, ALP, LDH and CK) and muscle endurance, fatigue and exercise performance-related indicators (lactate and creatinine) were significantly improved by FA supplementation. In addition, FA regulates genes related to muscle protein degradation (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and muscle fiber synthesis (MyoD and Myf5), resulting in increased muscle mass, and fiber diameter and area values. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, related to apoptosis in skeletal muscle was significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that FA improves exercise performance with ameliorating blood biomarkers and also increases muscle mass and muscle strength by inhibiting muscle proteolysis and promoting muscle synthesis in a middle-aged mouse.

Overload-induced androgen receptor expression in the aged rat hindlimb receiving nandrolone decanoate

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Jun Lee ◽  
Joseph McClung ◽  
G. A. Hand ◽  
James A. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Aged Rat ◽  
Androgen Receptor Protein

This study's purpose was to examine whether functional overload with nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration increased muscle mass and steroid receptor concentration in aged rat soleus (Sol) and plantaris (Plan) muscle. ND (6 mg/kg body wt) was administered once a week for 4 wk, whereas control rats received sesame seed oil injections. Functional overload of the hindlimb Sol and Plan was induced by synergistic gastrocnemius muscle ablation at the beginning of the fourth week. Adult (5 mo of age) and aged rats (25 mo of age) were randomly assigned to four groups: control, overload, control-ND, and overload-ND. Seven days of functional overload increased adult Sol muscle mass 27%, whereas the aged Sol muscle mass did not change. The aged overloaded Sol muscle receiving ND significantly increased muscle weight by 35% and total muscle protein by 24%. Aged Plan muscle did not increase muscle weight with overload or ND treatment. Androgen receptor protein was induced by ND treatment and functional Ov, and combining the two treatments induced Sol androgen receptor protein concentration above either alone. Sol glucocorticoid receptor protein concentration increased in overload groups of both ages. ND administration can increase aged Sol muscle mass and protein content after 7 days of functional overload, and the cooperative induction of androgen receptor may be important for this response.

scholarly journals Habitual Aerobic Exercise Diminishes the Effects of Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone8 Model

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kai Aoki ◽  
Masaki Konno ◽  
Katsunari Honda ◽  
Takuya Abe ◽  
Takeshi Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mice

Loss of muscle mass and strength are progressing with aging. Exercise is a beneficial method to prevent physical dysfunction, and habitual exercise can improve the muscle quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term habitual exercise’s impact on sarcopenia utilizing the senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8) model. Notably, 27 w SAMP8 were used in this study. Mice were classified into 28 (28 w) and 44 weeks old. The 44-week group was divided into the sedentary group (44 w) and a group exercising for 16 weeks (44 w + Ex). The 44 w + Ex performed habitual exercise from 28 to 44 weeks. Additionally, grip strength tests were performed with mice aged 28 and 44 weeks. Muscles were harvested and measured muscle weight at 44 w. Gastrocnemius decreased in 44 w, but was unchanged in 44 w + Ex. There was a trend for lower muscle grip strength in the 44 w group, but there was no change in 44 w + Ex. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70S6K as a protein synthesis marker were decreased in 44 w. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) mRNA and protein levels decreased in 44 w. These results suggested that long-term habitual exercise attenuates muscle mass and strength decline, possibly through maintenance of muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial maintenance.

scholarly journals Fermented Antler Improves Endurance during Exercise Performance by Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Muscle Strength in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5386
Author(s):  
Seongeun Jung ◽  
Sung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Woonhee Jeung ◽  
Jehyun Ra ◽  
Keon Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Central Research

In this study, we investigated whether antler fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increases mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle strength in vitro and in vivo. LAB from a strain library were grown in antler extract agar at the Yakult Central Research Institute of Korea. Isolated LAB, named Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602, were used to ferment antlers. Analysis of the effects of fermented antler (FA) revealed that it enhanced the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), signaling pathway and mitochondrial metabolic activity in mouse skeletal myotube (C2C12) cells. Next, we evaluated the effect of non-fermented antler (NFA) and FA on exercise performance in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that HY7602-FA increased treadmill exercise capacity and forced swimming endurance. Furthermore, blood markers associated with muscle fatigue, endurance, and energy supply (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, creatine kinase, and lactate) in the FA-intake group were lower than in the NFA-intake group. In addition, the expression index of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis, and with mitochondrial energy production and supply, in muscle tissue was remarkably higher in the FA group than in the control and NFA groups. Taken together, these results suggested that HY7602-FA may be an effective functional food and health supplement.

Association of major dietary patterns with muscle strength and muscle mass index in middle-aged men and women: Results from a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Maryam Safabakhsh ◽  
Nadia Babaei ◽  
Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽  
Samira Davarzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Anthropometric, physical function and general health markers of Masters athletes: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Fien ◽  
Mike Climstein ◽  
Clodagh Quilter ◽  
Georgina Buckley ◽  
Timothy Henwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
General Health ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Masters Athletes

Once the general decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance falls below specific thresholds, the middle aged or older adult will be diagnosed as having sarcopenia (a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength). Sarcopenia contributes to a range of adverse events in older age including disability, hospitalisation, institutionalisation and falls. One potentially relevant but understudied population for sarcopenia researchers would be Masters athletes. Masters sport is becoming more common as it allows athletes (typically 40 years and older) the opportunity to participate in individual and/or team sports against individuals of similar age. This study examined a variety of measures of anthropometric, physical function and general health markers in the male and female Masters athletes who competed at the 2014 Pan Pacific Masters Games held on the Gold Coast, Australia. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to collect body fat percentage, fat mass and fat-free mass; with body mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and sarcopenic status also recorded. Physical function was quantified by handgrip strength and habitual walking speed; with general health described by the number of chronic diseases and prescribed medications. Between group analyses utilised ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests to examine the effect of age group (40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and >70 years old) on the outcome measures for the entire sample as well as the male and female sub-groups. A total of 156 athletes (78 male, 78 female; mean 55.7 years) provided informed consent to participate in this study. These athletes possessed substantially better anthropometric, physical function and general health characteristics than the literature for their less physically active age-matched peers. No Masters athletes were categorised as being sarcopenic, although one participant had below normal physical performance and six participants had below normal muscle strength. In contrast, significant age-related reductions in handgrip strength and increases in the number of chronic diseases and prescribed medications were observed for the overall cohort as well as the male and female sub-groups. Nevertheless, even those aged over 70 years only averaged one chronic disease and one prescribed medication. These results may suggest that participation in Masters sport helps to maintain anthropometry, physical function and general health in middle-aged and older adults. However, it is also possible that only healthier middle-aged and older adults with favourable body composition and physical function may be able to participate in Masters sport. Future research should therefore utilise longitudinal research designs to determine the health and functional benefits of Master sports participation for middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Effect of fast dietary proteins on muscle protein synthesis rate and muscle strength in ad libitum-fed and energy-restricted old rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Walrand ◽  
Aude Zangarelli ◽  
Christelle Guillet ◽  
Jérôme Salles ◽  
Karine Soulier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
And Function ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis Rate

Sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Energy restriction (ER) delays fibre loss by limiting the accumulated deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species on muscle. However, insufficient protein intake during ER might affect muscle mass and function. We hypothesised that ingestion of fast-digested proteins such as whey protein (WP) improves muscle protein synthesis and muscle strength in aged ER rats. The effect of WP or casein (CAS, slow protein) on muscle mass, protein synthesis and strength was evaluated in 21-month-old rats fed for 5 months either ad libitum (AL) or a 40 % protein and energy-restricted (PER) or 40 % AL-isonitrogenous ER diet. The nitrogen balance was reduced in PER-CAS rats only ( − 48 % v. AL-CAS). WP stimulated muscle protein synthesis rates compared with CAS in all groups (+21,+37 and +34 % in AL, PER and ER conditions, respectively). Muscle strength was higher in ER rats than in AL rats (+23 and +12 % for WP or CAS, respectively). Muscle performance tended to be greater in ER rats fed WP than in ER-CAS rats (P < 0·09). In conclusion, we observed that long-term ER combined with maintained protein intake had a beneficial impact on muscle protein synthesis rate and function during ageing.

scholarly journals Habitual Exercise Attenuates the Aging Associated Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Strength Decline in SAMP8

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Aoki ◽  
Masaki Konno ◽  
Katsunari Honda ◽  
Takuya Abe ◽  
Takeshi Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Loss of muscle mass and strength are progressing with aging. Exercise is a beneficial method to prevent physical disfunction and habitual exercise improve the muscle quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a long-term habitual exercise on the senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8). 27wk SAMP8 were used in this study. Mice were classified into 28 (28w) and 44 weeks old. The 44-week group was divided into the sedentary group (44w) and a group exercising for 16 weeks (44w+Ex). The 44w+Ex performed habitual exercise from 28 to 44 weeks. Additionally, grip strength tests were performed with mice aged 28 and 44 weeks. Mice were dissected and collected muscle samples and measured muscle weight at 44w. Gastrocnemius was decreased in 44w but were unchanged in 44w+Ex. Grip strength in 44w was lower trend, but there was no change in 44w+Ex. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70S6K as a protein synthesis marker were decreased in 44w. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV(COXIV) mRNA and protein levels decreased in 44w. These results suggested that long-term habitual exercise attenuated muscle mass and strength decline through improving muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, long-term habitual exercise attenuated muscle mass and strength decline.

FAT MASS IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH MUSCLE STRENGTH AND JUMP TEST PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B.A. Moore ◽  
D.A. Bemben ◽  
D.H. Lein ◽  
M.G. Bemben ◽  
H. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Leg Muscle

Background: It is known that maintenance of muscle mass cannot prevent loss of muscle strength in older adults. Recent evidence suggests that fat mass can weaken the relationship between muscle mass and functional performance. No information exists if fat mass can independently affect muscle strength and jump test performance in middle-aged and older adults. Objective: To assess the independent relationships between fat mass, leg muscle mass, lower extremity muscle strength, and jump test performance in adults, 55-75 years of age. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Fifty-nine older adults (men, n = 27, age = 64.8 + 6.5 years; women, n = 32, age = 62.5 + 5.1 years) participated in this study. Measurements: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure fat mass and leg muscle mass. An average of 3 maximal countermovement jumps was used to calculate jump power and jump height. Two leg press and hip abduction strength were assessed by 1-repetition maximum testing. Results: Stepwise sequential regression analysis of fat mass and leg muscle mass versus jump test performance and measures of muscle strength after adjusting for age, height, and physical activity revealed that fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.047, rpartial = -0.410) in men. In women, fat mass was negatively associated with jump height (p = 0.003, rpartial = -0.538), leg press (p = 0.002, rpartial = -0.544), and hip abduction strength (p < 0.001, rpartial = -0.661). Leg muscle mass was positively associated with jump power in women (p = 0.047, rpartial = 0.372) only. Conclusions: Fat mass has an independent negative relationship with jump test performance in middle-aged and older men and women. This has clinical implications for rehabilitating neuromuscular performance in middle-aged and older adults.

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