scholarly journals Selection of Co-Belonging Ceramic Fragments from Archaeological Excavations and Their Location in Vase Bodies from Thermoremanent Magnetization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Ntoukakis ◽  
Pantinakis ◽  
Vafidis ◽  
Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Thermoremanent Magnetization ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Selection Of

: Selection of co-belonging fragments from the numerous ceramic findings of an archaeological excavation based exclusively on the experience and patience of the conservators remains a difficult process of questionable effectiveness. While the screening of the fragments is a central prerequisite and the most important stage of the process of vase reconstruction, established methods based on scientific criteria and guaranteed efficiency for the detection of co-belonging ceramic fragments suggested in the bibliography do not exist. On the contrary, for methods dealing with the assembly of vases from co-belonging fragments, which is a secondary process that can be done more easily and effectively in an empirical way, there exist numerous studies based on fragment morphology. However, even these are also not implemented because of the time requirements, sheer volume and complexity of the proposed methods, in order for them to be applicable in practice. The proposed methods in this paper are based on thermoremanent magnetization (A/m), which is calculated from the weak magnetic field measurements by a fluxgate-sensor/magnet apparatus forming a three-dimensional orthogonal system. Experimental measurements from fragments of six vases show that the magnetization magnitude of co-belonging fragments display similar values, despite the magnetic anisotropy of the ceramic material, since these belong to vases made of the same clay and fired under the same conditions. This is the criterion for finding ceramic fragments of the same vase from archaeological excavations. The thermoremanent magnetism directionality of fragments, which is aligned along the geomagnetic field at the same place and time during the vase firing process, as it is configured by their rotational symmetry, defines the position of the fragments on the body of the six vases. The shape of the original vase can be reconstructed when only a few non adjacent fragments are available. The proposed measurement apparatus can be used for the construction of a useable portable magnetometer specialized for ceramic surface measurements to achieve the above objectives.

scholarly journals Selection of Co-Belonging Ceramic Fragments from Archaeological Excavations and Their Location in Vase Bodies from Theroremanent Magnetization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markos Ntoukakis ◽  
Apostolos Pantinakis ◽  
Antonios Vafidis ◽  
Theodoros Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of co-belonging fragments from the numerous ceramic findings of an archaeological excavation remains a difficult process of questionable effectiveness, based exclusively on the experience and patience of the conservators. While the screening of the fragments is a central prerequisite and the most important stage of the process of vase reconstruction, established methods based on scientific criteria and guaranteed efficiency for the detection of co-belonging ceramic fragments suggested in the bibliography, do not exist. On the contrary, for methods dealing with the assembly of vases from co-belonging fragments, which is a secondary process that can be done more easily and effectively in an empirical way, there exist numerous studies based on fragment morphology. However, even these are also not implemented because of the time requirements, sheer volume and complexity of the proposed methods, in order for them to be applicable in practice. The proposed methods in this paper are based on thermoremanent magnetization (A/m), which is calculated from the weak magnetic field measurements by a fluxgate-sensor/magnet apparatus forming a three-dimensional orthogonal system. Experimental measurements from fragments of 6 vases show that the magnetization magnitude of co-belonging fragments display similar values, despite the magnetic anisotropy of the ceramic material, since these belong to vases that are made of the same clay and fired under the same conditions. This is the criterion for finding ceramic fragments of the same vase from archaeological excavations. The thermoremanent magnetism directionality of fragments, which is aligned along the geomagnetic field at the same place and time during the vase firing process, as it is configured by their rotational symmetry, defines the position of the fragments on the body of the 6 vases. The shape of the original vase can be reconstructed when only a few non adjacent fragments are available. The proposed measurement apparatus can be used for the construction of a useable portable magnetometer specialized for ceramic surface measurements to achieve the above objectives.

scholarly journals The natural selection of metabolism and mass selects allometric transitions from prokaryotes to mammals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Witting
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Self Replication ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Evolution Proceeds

AbstractInter-specific body mass allometries can evolve from the natural selection of mass, with ±1/4 and ±3/4 exponents following from the geometry of intra-specific interactions when density dependent foraging occurs in two spatial dimensions (2D, Witting, 1995). The corresponding values for three dimensional interactions (3D) are ±1/6 and ±5/6.But the allometric exponents in mobile organisms are more diverse than the prediction. The exponent for mass specific metabolism tends to cluster around −1/4 and −1/6 in terrestrial and pelagic vertebrates, but it is strongly positive in prokaryotes with an apparent value around 5/6 (DeLong et al., 2010). And a value around zero has been reported in protozoa, and on the macro evolutionary scale from prokaryotes over larger unicells to multicellular vertebrates (Makarieva et al., 2005, 2008).I show that mass specific metabolism can be selected as the pace of the resource handling that generates net energy for self-replication and the selection of mass, and that this selection of metabolism and mass is sufficient to explain metabolic exponents that decline from 5/6 over zero to −1/6 in 3D, and from 3/4 over zero to −1/4 in 2D. The decline follows from a decline in the importance of mass specific metabolism for the selection of mass, and it suggestsi) that the body mass variation in prokaryotes is selected from primary variation in mass specific metabolism,ii) that the variation in multicellular animals are selected from primary variation in the handling and/or densities of the underlying resources,iii) that protozoa are selected as an intermediate lifeform between prokaryotes and multicellular animals, andiv) that macro evolution proceeds along an upper bound on mass specific metabolism.

Application of the Joint Coordinate System to Three-Dimensional Joint Attitude and Movement Representation: A Standardization Proposal

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4A) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Cole ◽  
B. M. Nigg ◽  
J. L. Ronsky ◽  
M. R. Yeadon
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Coordinate System ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of an appropriate and/or standardized method for representing 3-D joint attitude and motion is a topic of popular debate in the field of biomechanics. The joint coordinate system (JCS) is one method that has seen considerable use in the literature. The JCS consists of an axis fixed in the proximal segment, an axis fixed in the distal segment, and a “floating” axis. There has not been general agreement in the literature on how to select the body fixed axes of the JCS. The purpose of this paper is to propose a single definition of the body fixed axes of the JCS. The two most commonly used sets of body fixed axes are compared and the differences between them quantified. These differences are shown to be relevant in terms of practical applications of the JCS. Argumentation is provided to support a proposal for a standardized selection of body fixed axes of the JCS consisting of the axis eˆ1 embedded in the proximal segment and chosen to represent flexion-extension, the “floating” axis eˆ2 chosen to represent ad-abduction, and the axis eˆ3 embedded in the distal segment and chosen to represent axial rotation of that segment. The algorithms for the JCS are then documented using generalized terminology.

Deterministic and Stochastic Prediction of the Hydrodynamics of a Three-Dimensional Body Falling Through Water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
Yuming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

We investigate the dynamics of a three-dimensional mine-shaped body falling through water deterministically and stochastically. A physics-based deterministic model, MINE6D, is developed for the prediction of the six degree-of-freedom motion of the body falling freely through water. In MINE6D, the hydrodynamic load due to the added inertia effect is obtained exactly by using a boundary-element method while the viscous drag associated with flow separation and vortex shedding is modeled using a quasi-steady approach. Since the mine motion is found to be highly sensitive to varying the physical parameters such as body geometry, mass distribution, and initial releasing conditions, we develop a stochastic model using Monte-Carlo MINE6D simulation for the statistical analysis of mine motions in practical applications. The statistical prediction is compared with available field measurements both qualitatively and quantitatively. The characteristic features and dependence on physical parameters of the statistical prediction of mine motions are investigated. The present study is of importance to the prediction of mine burial in seabed and the design of mines.

scholarly journals “Topographic Shift”: a new digital approach to evaluating topographic changes of the female breast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lotter ◽  
Vanessa Brébant ◽  
Andreas Eigenberger ◽  
Robin Hartmann ◽  
Karolina Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Purpose To assess precise topographic changes of the breast, objective documentation and evaluation of pre- and postoperative results are crucial. New technologies for mapping the body using digital, three-dimensional surface measurements have offered novel ways to numerically assess the female breast. Due to the lack of clear demarcation points of the breast contour, the selection of landmarks on the breast is highly dependent on the examiner, and, therefore, is prone to error when conducting before-after comparisons of the same breast. This study describes an alternative to volumetric measurements, focusing on topographic changes of the female breast, based on three-dimensional scans. Method The study was designed as an interventional prospective study of 10 female volunteers who had planned on having aesthetic breast augmentation with anatomical, textured implants. Three dimensional scans of the breasts were performed intraoperatively, first without and then with breast implants. The topographic change was determined as the mean distance between two three-dimensional layers before and after augmentation. This mean distance is defined as the Topographic Shift. Results The mean implant volume was 283 cc (SD = 68.6 cc, range = 210–395 cc). The mean Topographic Shift was 7.4 mm (SD = 1.9 mm, range = 4.8–10.7 mm). The mean Topographic Shifts per quadrant were: I: 8.0 mm (SD = 3.3 mm); II: 9.2 mm (SD = 3.1 mm); III: 6.9 mm (SD = 3.5 mm); IV: 1.9 mm (SD = 4.3 mm). Conclusion The Topographic Shift, describing the mean distance between two three-dimensional layers (for example before and after a volume changing therapy), is a new approach that can be used for assessing topographic changes of a body area. It was found that anatomical, textured breast implants cause a topographic change, particularly on the upper breast, in quadrant II, the décolleté.

The development of endoscopy of the palatopharyngeal isthmus

1977 ◽  
Vol 195 (1119) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recording System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Fluoroscopic Image ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Speech Information ◽  
Selection Of

Incompetence of closure of the palatopharyngeal isthmus is common to a number of medical conditions which may lead to the development of speech so distorted as to be incomprehensible. Treatment by surgery and speech therapy has so often been disappointing and this has been due in large measure to the inaccessibility of this region of the body to direct observation. In 1967 it was found that a fibre optically lighted endoscope could be passed far enough back into the naso pharynx to permit direct viewing of the isthmus during unhindered continuous speech. Information obtained made the selection of a suitable operation more rational and the cause of failure when this occurred easier to analyse. This in turn resulted in a higher percentage of successful operations. The desirability of recording the findings lead to the development of practical techniques for making cine and video-tape recordings. The need to obtain a three-dimensional concept resulted in the development of a split-screen video-tape recording system of the nasal pharyngoscopic view with a lateral fluoroscopic image. This system is now being used for clinical assessment of patients, research into the speech mechanism and for teaching.

A novel optimization approach to minimize aggregate-fit-loss for improved breast sizing

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1823-1836
Author(s):  
Jie Pei ◽  
Jintu Fan ◽  
Susan P Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Sizing System ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Breast Shape ◽  
Sizing Systems ◽  
Shape Categorization ◽  
Selection Of

Ready-to-wear clothing is typically based on the body-shape of human fit models that an apparel company hires. The body-shape difference between a consumer and the fit model of their size results in fit-loss of a certain degree. Aggregate-fit-loss is a concept attempting to quantify and estimate the accumulative fit-loss that a population may encounter. This paper reports on a novel method that minimizes the aggregate-fit-loss of a sizing system for bras, through shape categorization and optimized selection of prototypes (which can be regarded as the most appropriate fit models, or standard dress forms) for the categorized groups. A fit-loss function was introduced that calculates the dissimilarity between any two three-dimensional body scans, via pointwise comparisons of the point-to-origin distances of 9000 points on the scan surface. The within-group aggregate-fit-loss is minimized by an algorithm that returns the optimal prototype for the group. The overall aggregate-fit-loss is reduced by breast shape categorization based on the dissimilarities between the scans. Finally, the constraint of band sizes was brought into the categorization to provide a more feasible solution for improved bra sizing. The findings of this study can also contribute to the optimization of sizing systems for other apparel products.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

scholarly journals Blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain: numerical simulation and related field measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gauer
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Snow Transport

A physically based numerical model of drifting and blowing snow in three-dimensional terrain is developed. The model includes snow transport by saltation and suspension. As an example, a numerical simulation for an Alpine ridge is presented and compared with field measurements.

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