scholarly journals “Topographic Shift”: a new digital approach to evaluating topographic changes of the female breast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lotter ◽  
Vanessa Brébant ◽  
Andreas Eigenberger ◽  
Robin Hartmann ◽  
Karolina Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Purpose To assess precise topographic changes of the breast, objective documentation and evaluation of pre- and postoperative results are crucial. New technologies for mapping the body using digital, three-dimensional surface measurements have offered novel ways to numerically assess the female breast. Due to the lack of clear demarcation points of the breast contour, the selection of landmarks on the breast is highly dependent on the examiner, and, therefore, is prone to error when conducting before-after comparisons of the same breast. This study describes an alternative to volumetric measurements, focusing on topographic changes of the female breast, based on three-dimensional scans. Method The study was designed as an interventional prospective study of 10 female volunteers who had planned on having aesthetic breast augmentation with anatomical, textured implants. Three dimensional scans of the breasts were performed intraoperatively, first without and then with breast implants. The topographic change was determined as the mean distance between two three-dimensional layers before and after augmentation. This mean distance is defined as the Topographic Shift. Results The mean implant volume was 283 cc (SD = 68.6 cc, range = 210–395 cc). The mean Topographic Shift was 7.4 mm (SD = 1.9 mm, range = 4.8–10.7 mm). The mean Topographic Shifts per quadrant were: I: 8.0 mm (SD = 3.3 mm); II: 9.2 mm (SD = 3.1 mm); III: 6.9 mm (SD = 3.5 mm); IV: 1.9 mm (SD = 4.3 mm). Conclusion The Topographic Shift, describing the mean distance between two three-dimensional layers (for example before and after a volume changing therapy), is a new approach that can be used for assessing topographic changes of a body area. It was found that anatomical, textured breast implants cause a topographic change, particularly on the upper breast, in quadrant II, the décolleté.

An Investigation of the Forces on Three Dimensional Bluff Bodies in Rough Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Lee ◽  
B. F. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Building Ventilation ◽  
Group Density

A study has been made of the influence of grouping parameters on the mean pressure distributions experienced by three dimensional bluff bodies immersed in a turbulent boundary layer. The range of variable parameters has included group density, group pattern and incident flow type and direction for a simple cuboid element form. The three flow regimes associated with increasing group density are reflected in both the mean drag forces acting on the body and their associated pressure distributions. A comparison of both pressure distributions and velocity profile parameters with established work on two dimensional bodies shows close agreement in identifying these flow regime changes. It is considered that the application of these results may enhance our understanding of some common flow phenomena, including turbulent flow over rough surfaces, building ventilation studies and environmental wind around buildings.

scholarly journals OR-049 Monitoring and evaluation of Zhejiang Swimmers’ Altitude Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Peak Value

Objective (1)Through the blood physiological and biochemical tests during the altitude training, to analyze the body function of swimmers in this stage.(2) Through the individual lactate threshold tests before and after the altitude training,to analyze the effects of altitude training. Methods Eight swimmers took a 26-day altitude training session.The individual lactate threshold test was carried out by the Swedish Monak839E power cycle progressive loading method before and after the training;During the altitude training period, 5ml of the subjects' elbow vein was extracted and tested on an empty stomach and in a quiet state every Monday morning. Results (1)When swimmers reached the plateau, the hemoglobin value was indistinguishable from the plain(male 156.2±7.01，female 135.7±8.75g/L),From the hemoglobin value (male 154.03 + 5.67, female 134.23 + 9.66g/L), there was a decrease in both male and female in the second week.But hypoxia stimulated red blood cell production, and the body itself was gradually adapting to the training load.Thus, the hemoglobin value of the third week (male 157.17 + 3.7, female 141.93 + 10.06g/L) was significantly improved, and higher than the level of the first week.During the altitude training period, the mean value of male’s blood testosterone was 474.33 + 97.06ng/dl, and the female’s blood testosterone was 33.67 + 17.25ng/dl.Male’s blood testosterone was lower than the mean of the national team, because the study participants were youngers who were not fully developed and had shorter training years.There were different trends in blood testosterone value between male and female. Male’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 479.67±76.25、492.33±83.61、451±153.41ng/dl respectively.female’s blood testosterone values during the Monday morning of these three weeks were 29.33±21.83、32±23.26、39.67±9.29ng/dl respectively.These further indicated that this altitude training plan was more suitable for male with shorter training years, and the body had certain fatigue accumulation, but the decrease range was within a reasonable range.However, the increase of blood testosterone per week in female indicated that the training stimulation depth was not enough, and the potential of athletes should be further explored.According to the changes of creatine kinase, the sensitivity of male to the change of altitude training intensity was also shown, and the highest value of creatine kinase was 731U/L in the first week.(2) From the value of the individual lactate threshold before and after altitude training, no matter male or female,the change was not obvious, but was generally improved, this may be the altitude training adopted the pattern of three and a half weeks, training time was short.Secondly, as a professional athlete, the "plastic space" gradually decreased with the extension of the training years.Most of the peak blood lactate occurred in 1-3 minutes of recovery period.and the average value increased from 8.96 + 1.86mmol/L before altitude training to 9.99 + 1.47mmol/L.Among them, the peak value of male’s blood lactate was increased from 8 + 2.22mmol/L before the altitude training to 10.91 + 1.43mmol/L, and there was a significant difference in the peak of blood lactate before and after the altitude training.However, the peak value of female’s blood lactate was decreased from 9.92 + 0.79mmol/L before the altitude training to 9.07 + 0.88mmol/L. This was mainly due to the fact that a member of the swimmers had caused the result, and this swimmer’s enduring lactate level was lower than the one before the plateau. Conclusions The altitude training generally improved athletes’ training ability, but based on factors such as training age, gender, should be targeted according to the individual situation of each athlete training plan, so as to achieve more from less.

Optimal level and order detection in wavelet decomposition for PCG signal denoising

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rouis ◽  
Abdelkrim Ouafi ◽  
Salim Sbaa
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Signal Denoising ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Mother Wavelet ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pcg Signals ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The recorded phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is often contaminated by different types of noises that can be seen in the frequency band of the PCG signal, which may change the characteristics of this signal. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has become one of the most important and powerful tools of signal representation, but its effectiveness is influenced by the issue of the selected mother wavelet and decomposition level (DL). The selection of the DL and the mother wavelet are the main challenges. This work proposes a new approach for finding an optimal DL and optimal mother wavelet for PCG signal denoising. Our approach consists of two algorithms designed to tackle the problems of noise and variability caused by PCG acquisition in a real clinical environment for different categories of patients. The results obtained are evaluated by examining the coherence analysie (Coh) correlation coefficient (Corr) and the mean square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in simulated noisy PCG signals. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce noise.

scholarly journals Body Image, Sexual Function, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Couples Before and After Gynecologic Cosmetic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Eftekhar ◽  
Marzieh Hajibabaei ◽  
Firoozeh Veisi ◽  
Zinat Ghanbari ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Women's Body Image ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to compare women’s body image, sexual function and satisfaction before and after gynecologic cosmetic surgery. The study also aimed to assess women husband’s sexual satisfaction. Materials and methods: This was a pretest-posttest study. A sample of 50 women attending the pelvic floor clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for gynecologic cosmetic surgery was entered into the study. Surgeries included labiaplasty, clitoral hoodectomy, vaginoplasty, vaginal rejuvenation, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy, perineoplasty, and perineorrhaphy. Women were assessed for the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI), the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-F), and Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI-6) at two points in time: baseline (one week before surgery) and 3 months after surgery. Similarly, the male partners were assed for sexual satisfaction using the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-M). To analyze the data paired samples t-test was applied. Results: The mean (SD) age of women was 43.36 (8.6) years and the mean (SD) duration of marriage was 22.18 (9.7) years. Ninety-four percent had history of vaginal delivery and 58.7 percent attend surgery due to husband’s sexual dissatisfaction. The results showed that women’s body image, sexual function and couples’ sexual satisfaction improved significantly after gynecologic cosmetic surgery (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that female genital cosmetic surgery improved the body image and sexual function of women and sexual satisfaction in couples that might lead to a more pleasurable and healthier marital relationship.

scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

scholarly journals The natural selection of metabolism and mass selects allometric transitions from prokaryotes to mammals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Witting
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Self Replication ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Evolution Proceeds

AbstractInter-specific body mass allometries can evolve from the natural selection of mass, with ±1/4 and ±3/4 exponents following from the geometry of intra-specific interactions when density dependent foraging occurs in two spatial dimensions (2D, Witting, 1995). The corresponding values for three dimensional interactions (3D) are ±1/6 and ±5/6.But the allometric exponents in mobile organisms are more diverse than the prediction. The exponent for mass specific metabolism tends to cluster around −1/4 and −1/6 in terrestrial and pelagic vertebrates, but it is strongly positive in prokaryotes with an apparent value around 5/6 (DeLong et al., 2010). And a value around zero has been reported in protozoa, and on the macro evolutionary scale from prokaryotes over larger unicells to multicellular vertebrates (Makarieva et al., 2005, 2008).I show that mass specific metabolism can be selected as the pace of the resource handling that generates net energy for self-replication and the selection of mass, and that this selection of metabolism and mass is sufficient to explain metabolic exponents that decline from 5/6 over zero to −1/6 in 3D, and from 3/4 over zero to −1/4 in 2D. The decline follows from a decline in the importance of mass specific metabolism for the selection of mass, and it suggestsi) that the body mass variation in prokaryotes is selected from primary variation in mass specific metabolism,ii) that the variation in multicellular animals are selected from primary variation in the handling and/or densities of the underlying resources,iii) that protozoa are selected as an intermediate lifeform between prokaryotes and multicellular animals, andiv) that macro evolution proceeds along an upper bound on mass specific metabolism.

scholarly journals Developing a beam trawl for sampling estuarine fish and crustaceans: assessment of a codend cover and effects of different sizes of mesh in the body and codend

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Rotherham ◽  
Matt K. Broadhurst ◽  
Charles A. Gray ◽  
Daniel D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Rotherham, D., Broadhurst, M. K., Gray, C. A., and Johnson, D. D. 2008. Developing a beam trawl for sampling estuarine fish and crustaceans: assessment of a codend cover and effects of different sizes of mesh in the body and codend. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 687–696. An experiment was carried out in the Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) to test the hypotheses that fish and crustacean catches in an experimental beam trawl were affected by a codend cover and the sizes of mesh in the body and codend. The cover had no obvious effects on the catches retained in the codend. Similarly, in comparisons between trawl bodies made from 26- and 41-mm diamond-shaped mesh, there were no differences in the assemblages of fish caught, or in the mean numbers entering the codends. For one species of fish (Acanthopagrus australis), however, there were differences in the proportions caught between the trawl bodies across different size classes. There was also some evidence to suggest that mesh size in the body of the trawl influenced the size selection of school prawns (Metapenaeus macleayi). For most finfish, there were no differences in catches between codends made from 20-mm and from 29-mm mesh hung on the bar (i.e. square-shaped mesh). In contrast, mesh size in the codend was important for the size selectivity of school prawns, with smaller carapace lengths at 50% retention in the 20-mm codend. We conclude that use of a 41-mm mesh in the body and a 20-mm square mesh in the codend of the beam trawl would be appropriate for future sampling with this gear in estuaries of New South Wales. A similar experimental approach to ours is needed in adapting the beam trawl to estuaries in other parts of the world, or in developing other types of research trawl.

Literature Review : Pengaruh Latihan Rom (Range Of Motion) Terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot Pada Pasien Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1407-1413
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryati ◽  
Nuniek Nizmah Fajriyah ◽  
Firman Faradisi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motion Exercise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStroke is an acute neurocological disease caused by blood vessel disorders in the brain that occur suddenly and can cause symptoms according to areas in the brain that occur suddenly and can cause symptoms of paralysis, difficulty speaking, numbness of one side of the body and other disorders. ROM (Range of Motion) exercise is the maximum number of movements performed by the joints under normal conditions where a person moves each joint according to normal movements either actively or passively.The purpose of this scientific paper is to determine the effect of giving Range Of Motion (ROM) on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.There is a difference in the mean (mean) before giving Range Of Motion therapy is 2.65 and after giving Range Of Motion is 3.62, there is an effect of giving Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy. Most of the respondents were male with a partial presentation (70%) and (30%) female, the age of the respondent in this study was >56 years old. Prior to ROM therapy, the degree of muscle strength was categorized as 0 to degree 2 and after ROM therapy, the degree of muscle strength was categorized as grade 2 to degree 4. The conclusion was that there was an increase in muscle strength before and after Range Of Motion (ROM) therapy. ROM therapy is effective for increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.Keywords: Muscle Strength, Range Of Motion (ROM), Stroke AbstrakStroke merupakan suatu penyait neurokologis akut yang disebabkan oleh gangguan pembulu darah otak yang terjadi secara mendadak dan dapat menimbulkan gejala yang sesuai dengan daerah di otak yang terserang terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan dapat menimbulkan gejala kelumpuhan, kesulitan bicara,mati rasa sebelah badan dan gangguan lainnya. Latihan ROM (Range of Motion) adalah jumlah maksimum gerakan yang yang dilakukan oleh sendi dalam keadaan normal dimana seseorang menggerakan masing-masing persendiannya sesuai gerakan normal baik secara aktif ataupun pasif. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Range Of Motion (ROM) Terhadap peningkatan kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke.Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata (mean) sebelum pemberian terapi Range Of Motion adalah 2,65 dan sesudah pemberian Range Of Motion adalah 3,62, terdapat pengaruh pemberian terapi Range Of Motion (ROM). Responden terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan presentasi sebagian (70%) dan (30%) perempuan, umur respoden pada penelitian ini berusia >56 tahun. Sebelum dilakukan terapi ROM derajat kekuatan otot termasuk katagori 0 hingga derajat 2 dan sesudah dilakukan terapi ROM derajat kekuatan otot termasuk kategori derajat 2 hingga derajat 4. Simpulan terdapat peningkatan kekuatan otot sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan terapi Range Of Motion (ROM). Terapi ROM efektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke. Kata kunci : Kekuatan Otot, Range Of Motion (ROM), Stroke

The influence of selected manual techniques on the relative length of lower limbs in children with postural defects – a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Mirosław KAPICA ◽  
Agnieszka JANKOWICZ-SZYMAŃSKA ◽  
Teresa GNIEWEK ◽  
Radosław RAŹNIEWSKI ◽  
Andrzej ŻYTKOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postural Abnormalities ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: One of the very important indicators used in the treatment of postural defects is the relative symmetry of the lower limbs. The selection of a safe and effective therapeutic tool is not an easy task and is particularly important in children. The authors of the experiment have decided to check the effectiveness of two manual techniques, that minimally interfere with patient's tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected manual procedures: the Ackerman's second phenomenon and mobilization of the sacroiliac joint to hyperextension (Kowtun's grip) on the relative length of the lower limbs in a school-age children. Materials and methods: 70 children aged 8-12 participated in the study. All of them were diagnosed with postural abnormalities: spine defects in the sagittal plane, three-dimensional asymmetry of the torso, knee and / or foot defects and asymmetry of the length of the lower limbs. Qualification of children for a particular group with a postural defects was based on the concept of Sastre Fernandez. In each patient, the manual procedure in order to compensate the leg length, was applied once. In 28 children the applied procedure was the Ackerman's second phenomenon and in 42 it was the Kowtun's grip. The relative length of t h e l o w e r l i m b s w a s m e a s u r e d immediately before and after the manual procedure. Results: The executed experiment indicates the effectiveness of the Ackerman's second phenomenon in compensating the asymmetry of the length of the lower limbs in children with posture defects. The effect of Kovtun's mobilization is less clear. Conclusions: Manual procedure change the relative length of the lower limbs in children with postural defects. The Ackerman's second phenomenon in an effective and yet gentle and safe manual tool that can be used in children in order to compensate the relative length of the lower limbs. The effect of the Kowtun's treatment requires further research.

Dry Effect of Cementitious Materials on Testing Results of X-Ray CT

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian De Han ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Gang Hua Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gray Values

In this study three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is used to investigate the testing results differences of cement paste and mortar before and after drying. It can be found that the mean gray values of paste and mortar before drying are bigger than after drying, and the impact of drying on cement paste is more serious than mortar. In addition, the porosity of non-drying cement paste and mortar is 1.10% and 0.43%, while that of drying cement paste and mortar is 1.55% and 0.70%, respectively. So, the porosity of paste and mortar markedly increases after drying process. The numbers of pores of paste and mortar sharply increase after drying process in particular between 0.01mm3 and 0.1mm3. The impact of drying on smaller pores is more serious than bigger pores.

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