scholarly journals Non-Thermal Plasma Accelerates Astrocyte Regrowth and Neurite Regeneration Following Physical Trauma In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritika S. Katiyar ◽  
Abraham Lin ◽  
Alexander Fridman ◽  
Carolyn E. Keating ◽  
D. Kacy Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

Non-thermal plasma (NTP), defined as a partially ionized gas, is an emerging technology with several biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration. In particular, NTP treatment has been shown to activate endogenous biological processes to promote cell regrowth, differentiation, and proliferation in multiple cell types. However, the effects of this therapy on nervous system regeneration have not yet been established. Accordingly, the current study explored the effects of a nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma on neural regeneration. Following mechanical trauma in vitro, plasma was applied either directly to (1) astrocytes alone, (2) neurons alone, or (3) neurons or astrocytes in a non-contact co-culture. Remarkably, we identified NTP treatment intensities that accelerated both neurite regeneration and astrocyte regrowth. In astrocyte cultures alone, an exposure of 20–90 mJ accelerated astrocyte re-growth up to three days post-injury, while neurons required lower treatment intensities (≤20 mJ) to achieve sub-lethal outgrowth. Following injury to neurons in non-contact co-culture with astrocytes, 20 mJ exposure of plasma to only neurons or astrocytes resulted in increased neurite regeneration at three days post-treatment compared to the untreated, but no enhancement was observed when both cell types were treated. At day seven, although regeneration further increased, NTP did not elicit a significant increase from the control. However, plasma exposure at higher intensities was found to be injurious, underscoring the need to optimize exposure levels. These results suggest that growth-promoting physiological responses may be elicited via properly calibrated NTP treatment to neurons and/or astrocytes. This could be exploited to accelerate neurite re-growth and modulate neuron-astrocyte interactions, thereby hastening nervous system regeneration.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of In Vitro Models for Injury and Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Parvathi Varier ◽  
Gayathri Raju ◽  
Pallavi Madhusudanan ◽  
Chinnu Jerard ◽  
Sahadev A. Shankarappa
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Post Injury

Nerve axonal injury and associated cellular mechanisms leading to peripheral nerve damage are important topics of research necessary for reducing disability and enhancing quality of life. Model systems that mimic the biological changes that occur during human nerve injury are crucial for the identification of cellular responses, screening of novel therapeutic molecules, and design of neural regeneration strategies. In addition to in vivo and mathematical models, in vitro axonal injury models provide a simple, robust, and reductionist platform to partially understand nerve injury pathogenesis and regeneration. In recent years, there have been several advances related to in vitro techniques that focus on the utilization of custom-fabricated cell culture chambers, microfluidic chamber systems, and injury techniques such as laser ablation and axonal stretching. These developments seem to reflect a gradual and natural progression towards understanding molecular and signaling events at an individual axon and neuronal-soma level. In this review, we attempt to categorize and discuss various in vitro models of injury relevant to the peripheral nervous system and highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. Such models will help to recreate the post-injury microenvironment and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can accelerate nerve repair.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of murine melanoma cells sensitivity to non-thermal atmospheric plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Humberto Serment Guerrero ◽  
Karina Giron Romero ◽  
Régulo López Callejas ◽  
Rosendo Peña Eguiluz
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Murine Melanoma ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
New Treatments

Melanoma is a dangerous skin cancer incidence of which has been increasing over the past years, so is important the search for new treatments. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the relative sensitivity of a melanoma cell line to helium-generated non-thermal plasma. For that, three cell types were used (murine melanoma B16 cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts, and peripherical blood lymphocytes) and both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated. The lethality produced by no-thermal plasma was higher in melanoma mouse cells compared with lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Accordingly, B16 cells showed higher levels of DNA fragmentation by this agent. Overall, the results suggest that non-thermal plasma has the potential to become a good alternative for treating skin cancer.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Infection Leads to Demyelination and Axonal Injury in Mature CNS Cultures

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Verena Schultz ◽  
Stephanie L. Cumberworth ◽  
Quan Gu ◽  
Natasha Johnson ◽  
Claire L. Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Time Frames

Understanding how Zika virus (Flaviviridae; ZIKV) affects neural cells is paramount in comprehending pathologies associated with infection. Whilst the effects of ZIKV in neural development are well documented, impact on the adult nervous system remains obscure. Here, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in established mature myelinated central nervous system (CNS) cultures. Infection incurred damage to myelinated fibers, with ZIKV-positive cells appearing when myelin damage was first detected as well as axonal pathology, suggesting the latter was a consequence of oligodendroglia infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed host factors that were upregulated during ZIKV infection. One such factor, CCL5, was validated in vitro as inhibiting myelination. Transferred UV-inactivated media from infected cultures did not damage myelin and axons, suggesting that viral replication is necessary to induce the observed effects. These data show that ZIKV infection affects CNS cells even after myelination—which is critical for saltatory conduction and neuronal function—has taken place. Understanding the targets of this virus across developmental stages including the mature CNS, and the subsequent effects of infection of cell types, is necessary to understand effective time frames for therapeutic intervention.

Understanding the multi-scale structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of citrate naked barley starch induced by non-thermal plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huishan Shen ◽  
Xiangzhen Ge ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Su ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Starch Modification ◽  
Plasma Pretreatment ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

Non-thermal plasma is an emerging and effective starch modification technology. In this paper, plasma pretreatment was used to modify the citrate naked barley starch for enhancing the accessibility of citric...

scholarly journals Non-thermal plasma-treated solution demonstrates antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Rouven Liedtke ◽  
Sander Bekeschus ◽  
André Kaeding ◽  
Christine Hackbarth ◽  
Jens-Peter Kuehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Capacity Modulates Neocortical Excitability

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraju G Sanganahalli ◽  
Peter Herman ◽  
Fahmeed Hyder ◽  
Sridhar S Kannurpatti
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Calcium Uniporter ◽  
Sensory Evoked

Local calcium (Ca2 +) changes regulate central nervous system metabolism and communication integrated by subcellular processes including mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake. Mitochondria take up Ca2 + through the calcium uniporter (mCU) aided by cytoplasmic microdomains of high Ca2 +. Known only in vitro, the in vivo impact of mCU activity may reveal Ca2 + -mediated roles of mitochondria in brain signaling and metabolism. From in vitro studies of mitochondrial Ca2 + sequestration and cycling in various cell types of the central nervous system, we evaluated ranges of spontaneous and activity-induced Ca2 + distributions in multiple subcellular compartments in vivo. We hypothesized that inhibiting (or enhancing) mCU activity would attenuate (or augment) cortical neuronal activity as well as activity-induced hemodynamic responses in an overall cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2 + -dependent manner. Spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activities were measured by extracellular electrophysiology complemented with dynamic mapping of blood oxygen level dependence and cerebral blood flow. Calcium uniporter activity was inhibited and enhanced pharmacologically, and its impact on the multimodal measures were analyzed in an integrated manner. Ru360, an mCU inhibitor, reduced all stimulus-evoked responses, whereas Kaempferol, an mCU enhancer, augmented all evoked responses. Collectively, the results confirm aforementioned hypotheses and support the Ca2 + uptake-mediated integrative role of in vivo mitochondria on neocortical activity.

scholarly journals Injectable mechanical pillows for attenuation of load-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Derek T Holyoak ◽  
Tibra A Wheeler ◽  
Marjolein C H van der Meulen ◽  
Ankur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is a degenerative disease initiated by mechanical stress that affects millions of individuals. The disease manifests as joint damage and synovial inflammation. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a specific form of OA caused by mechanical trauma to the joint. The progression of PTOA is prevented by immediate post-injury therapeutic intervention. Intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory therapeutics (e.g. corticosteroids) is a common treatment option for OA before end-stage surgical intervention. However, the efficacy of intra-articular injection is limited due to poor drug retention time in the joint space and the variable efficacy of corticosteroids. Here, we endeavored to characterize a four-arm maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-4MAL) hydrogel system as a ‘mechanical pillow’ to cushion the load-bearing joint, withstand repetitive loading and improve the efficacy of intra-articular injections of nanoparticles containing dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory agent. PEG-4MAL hydrogels maintained their mechanical properties after physiologically relevant cyclic compression and released therapeutic payload in an on-demand manner under in vitro inflammatory conditions. Importantly, the on-demand hydrogels did not release nanoparticles under repetitive mechanical loading as experienced by daily walking. Although dexamethasone had minimal protective effects on OA-like pathology in our studies, the PEG-4MAL hydrogel functioned as a mechanical pillow to protect the knee joint from cartilage degradation and inhibit osteophyte formation in an in vivo load-induced OA mouse model.

Amphiregulin Induces Proliferative Activities in Osseous Dysplasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shigeishi ◽  
S. Yamaguchi ◽  
K. Mizuta ◽  
K. Nakakuki ◽  
S. Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Osseous Dysplasia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immortalized Cell ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Characteristic Growth

Human osseous dysplasia (OD) is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm of periodontal ligament origin in which normal bone is replaced with fibrous connective tissue containing abnormal bone or cementum. However, cellular differentiation and proliferation in OD have not been fully elucidated. In vitro culture systems have distinct advantages for analytical studies. Therefore, we established immortalized cell lines (OD-1) from OD lesions of the jaw from an individual with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD). We hypothesized that OD-1 had a characteristic growth mechanism different from that of mineralized-associated cells such as osteoblasts. To clarify the difference of gene expression patterns between OD-1 and osteoblasts, we compared the profiles of genes expressed in the 2 cell types by microarray analysis. We identified amphiregulin to be highly expressed in OD-1 compared with osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts. OD-1 showed proliferative activities regulated in an autocrine manner by amphiregulin, and amphiregulin may play a significant role in the proliferation of OD.

scholarly journals In vitro models for neurotoxicology research

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel José Barbosa ◽  
João Paulo Capela ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Bastos ◽  
Félix Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Complex Organization

The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.

Development and regeneration in the central nervous system

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1239) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Central Nervous System

As part of our attempts to understand principles that underly organism development, we have been studying the development of the rat optic nerve. This simple tissue is composed of three glial cell types derived from two distinct cellular lineages. Type-1 astrocytes appear to be derived from a monopotential neuroepithelial precursor, whereas type-2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are derived from a common oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell. Type-1 astrocytes modulate division and differentiation of O-2A progenitor cells through secretion of platelet-derived growth factor, and can themselves be stimulated to divide by peptide mitogens and through stimulation of neurotransmitter receptors. In vitro analysis indicates that many dividing O-2A progenitors derived from optic nerves of perinatal rats differentiate symmetrically and clonally to give rise to oligodendrocytes, or can be induced to differentiate into type-2 astrocytes. O-2A perinatal progenitors can also differentiate to form a further O-2A lineage cell, the O-2A adult progenitor, which has properties specialized for the physiological requirements of the adult nervous system. In particular, O-2A adult progenitors have many of the features of stem cells, in that they divide slowly and asymmetrically and appear to have the capacity for extended self-renewal. The apparent derivation of a slowly and asymmetrically dividing cell, with properties appropriate for homeostatic maintenance of existing populations in the mature animal, from a rapidly dividing cell with properties suitable for the rapid population and myelination of central nervous system (CNS) axon tracts during early development, offers novel and unexpected insights into the possible origin of self-renewing stem cells and also into the role that generation of stem cells may play in helping to terminate the explosive growth of embryogenesis. Moreover, the properties of O-2A adult progenitor cells are consistent with, and may explain, the failure of successful myelin repair in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, and thus seem to provide a cellular biological basis for understanding one of the key features of an important human disease.

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