scholarly journals Fuzzy Rules to Help Predict Rains and Temperatures in a Brazilian Capital State Based on Data Collected from Satellites

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5476
Author(s):  
Paulo Vitor de Campos Souza ◽  
Lucas Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Antônio Ferreira do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Fuzzy Rules ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Private Investors

The forecast for rainfall and temperatures in underdevelope countries can help in the definition of public and private investment strategies in preventive and corrective nature. Water is an essential element for the economy and living things. This study had a main objective to use an intelligent hybrid model capable of extracting fuzzy rules from a historical series of temperatures and rainfall indices of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, more specifically in the capital. Because this is state has several rivers fundamental to the Brazilian economy, this study intended to find knowledge in the data of the problem to help public managers and private investors to act dynamically in the prediction of future temperatures and how they can interfere in the decisions related to the population of the state. The results confirm that the intelligent hybrid model can act with efficiency in the generation of predictions about the temperatures and average rainfall indices, being an efficient tool to predict the water situation in the future of this critical state for Brazil.

scholarly journals Affordable social infrastructure vs public-private partnership

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Vitaly Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Private Investors

The article is devoted to the problems of sustainable development of social infrastructure and social services, which are beyond the effective demand of large cities, cannot develop according to market laws, and provide the necessary level of infrastructure fullness. Despite 45.9% of private companies in the social sectors, the vast majority of real estate objects continue to be owned by the state, forming the need to find economic mechanisms for the development of state social infrastructure, outside of limited budget opportunities. The possibility of attracting private investment in new construction and reconstruction without alienating the ownership right to it makes public-private partnership (PPP) and the economic mechanism based on it have no alternative. However, its practical application suffers from asociality, leading to the appearance of state-owned facilities where private investors conduct exclusively commercial activities. The apparent budget savings lead the state, judicial and supervisory authorities in such territories to a strategic failure, reducing the number of state facilities operating at state prices, ignoring the requests of the population for affordable social infrastructure, increasing social tension in society. This work is aimed at studying the irrational behavior of private investors, the stability of which is provided by the PPP mechanism, where the state determines the necessary level of the sociality of infrastructure objects that best corresponds to the existing stratification of residents of a certain territory through competitive procedures and essential conditions of the future project. It is necessary to continue research on improving federal legislation, whose social neutrality leads to conflicting expectations of the parties from PPP, adding sensitivity to a wide range of risks, repelling private investment and investors, limiting infrastructure development only to budget opportunities. The development of an economic mechanism that ensures finding a balance of accessibility and market rationality of social facilities is not an easy task, which has many solutions taking into account the characteristics of a particular territory and its population

Public-Private Partnership and Financing the Development of National Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Yurievna Vaslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Private Financing ◽  
Transactional Costs ◽  
National Infrastructure

The chapter contains a methodology for formalized evaluation of the model of replacement of budget funds by private investment in the public infrastructure PPP projects for the purpose to ensure public finance sustainability. It can manifest itself only if the state could create appropriate conditions for private investors, including institutional players as its partners. The latter means primarily the stable formal institutional conditions for private investors, low transactional costs, attractive financial parameters, that could bring the ratio of budget and private financing of public infrastructure PPP projects to more than 1 to 1. It has become evident that accelerated development of many public infrastructure PPP projects is hampered by two factors: (1) inadequate institutional support for the design process itself and (2) absence of state-prepared acceptable financial models of public infrastructure PPP projects regarding the division of risks of infrastructure projects and delegating the proprietary rights of the state to private investors.

scholarly journals On the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Housing and Communal Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
D. T. Dzgoeva ◽  
L. A. Savelchev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Made In

Objective. To study the features of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services in order to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services.Results. Based on the theoretical bases and scientific methods of research, the essence of public-private partnership (hereinafter — PPP) as a special type of relationship between public and private sectors; the practice of application of mechanisms of state-private partnership in the sphere of housing and communal services on the example system of centralized water supply «Ladozhskiy vodovod Vsevolozhskogo munitsipal’nogo rayona Leningradskoy oblasti». Problems were identified and recommendations were made in five main areas related to the development of PPP projects in the field of housing and communal services.Conclusions. First, PPP is a unique type of relationship between the state and business, which allows meeting the needs of both public and private entities. Differences in the composition of obligations and functions, as well as the rights (entitlements) of the subjects of the agreement form different types of forms and mechanisms (types and schemes), as well as a number of models of public-private partnership.Secondly, the popularity of PPPs in a particular country depends on the models of interaction between the state and private investors and on the strictness of legislation.Third, on the example of a real Concession, five universal recommendations (bases) for the development of public-private partnership mechanisms in the sphere of housing and communal services were proposed: organizational component, financial instrument, risks, choice of PPP model and legal framework.

scholarly journals Formation and features of functioning of regional transport and logistic centers

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mashkantseva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Logistics Center ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
German Model ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Private Investors

The special purpose of the transport and logistics centers of the regions, which provide the needs for logistics services, play a coordinating and integrating role in the transport and logistics system and transportation of goods, necessitates the study of their formation issues, operation and development. The purpose of the article is to study the principles, regional peculiarities of the formation and functioning of transport and logistics centers in the appropriate system, taking into account the foreign experience of such structures. Results. It has been determined that the highest economic efficiency is ensured by integrated logistics services, in which the centers simultaneously provide a different range of logistics services with reducing the cost of shipping. The de-velopment of transport and logistics centers in Europe is carried out under the considerable influence of the state, which allows to obtain relevant competitive advantages. The foreign experience of functioning of transport and logistics centers is considered, where rail, road, water and air modes of transport are combined. The features of the German model of construc-tion of logistics centers are considered, where public and private investments are effectively interacting, and the state is di-rectly involved in all phases of project implementation. The differences of the French model are considered, where the man-agement will be carried out exclusively by private investors, and the role of the state is reduced to granting permits in ac-cordance with the goals of local and regional planning. The characteristic of the construction system and structure of logis-tics hub in Europe is given. The units that should be included in the standard transport and logistics center are highlighted. Requirements for creation of transport and logistics center of the region and principles of its functioning are outlined. The main source of financial support should be revenues from the state and local self-government. The effective functioning of the centers is carried out by providing the conditions for optimizing the management of information flows and harmonizing the economic interests of all participants. The advantages of creating a network of centers are zones formation of optimal service to the regions, the functioning of common border transport zones with a single communication infrastructure and preferen-tial treatment. Keywords: transport and logistics centers, transport industry, region, transport and logistics system, logistics hub.

scholarly journals Development Potential of Public and Private Partnership of Southern Russian Regions for Implementing Infrastructural Projects

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Government

The necessary condition determining the steady growth and security of economic development is full functioning and development of infrastructure. The article emphasizes that the observed instability of real expenditures of the federal budget and territorial entities of the Russian Federation for infrastructural industries and also their uneven distribution both from the point of view of the economic sector and the region proved the need of searching non-budgetary sources for encouraging the economic development. Public and private partnership is thought to be a fundamental instrument of private investment attraction. The article states the possibilities of participation of private firms in implementing infrastructural projects in combination with the government support when the integral powers and immanent functions of the state remain. The interests of using this instrument for the government lies in the budget expenditure reduction, increase in their efficiency, implementation of obligations of various character, in particular social ones. For private enterprises these interests are presented by governmental guarantees, the distribution of risks, possibility of participation in long-term projects and attraction of debt financing, political support of the state. Despite the dominating role of the government participation in implementing infrastructural projects, the value of public and private partnership from the point of view of financial security increases every year. The mutually agreed policy and coordination of joint efforts for expanding and mobilizing financial resources and implementing and modernizing infrastructural projects using these funds is expected to become a basis for the interaction of the government and private organizations. The article analyzes the available potential of the regions of Southern Russia in the context of creating conditions for developing public and private partnership for implementing infrastructural projects. The information for this research is the systematized data of the PPP Development Center. The author presents the best examples of implementing infrastructural projects with the attraction of private investments. The paper points out the priority infrastructural projects implemented with the use of the public-private partnership mechanism, which is planned for implementing in the region as well. The assessment of the level of public and private partnership development in the regions under analysis confirmed the increasing potential of the investment attraction for implementing infrastructural projects. On the basis of the analysis of the institutional environment development condition and legal basis, the author makes a conclusion on the decrease of the importance of these factors when determining the rating of regions of Southern Russia in the sphere of public and private partnership and an increase of such an indicator as “Experience of implementing projects”.

scholarly journals Public-private partnership as an effective mechanism for attracting private investment in achieving the aims the socio-economic development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Komarynska ◽  
Olha Kryshevych ◽  
Nataliya Linnyk ◽  
Vladyslav Karelin ◽  
Olena Kofanova
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes public-private partnership (PPP) as a form of interaction between state and business in the context of optimizing the Ukrainian economy. According to the results of SWOT analysis of the implementation of PPP projects in the infrastructure of Ukraine (2017–2019), the main criteria that determine the necessary model of public-private partnership were substaintiated, namely the distribution of investments, risks, obligations between the state and the private sector, the term and object of the agreement.The study analyzed the impact of economic, political, legislative and criminal processes on public-private partnerships in Ukraine. It was proved that the formation of specific allocation relations based on the interaction between public and private property is the most important feature of public-private partnership, which distinguishes it from other forms of interaction between the state and business. Advantages of PPP are as follows: the increase of management efficiency of state and municipal property objects, the reduction of tax burden on the state budget and optimization of budget expenditures on public services provision, the maintenance of budget-funded institutions, etc. It has been established that the PPP is the best alternative to privatization in order to attract private investment in strategic infrastructure facilities.

Doctoral Studies in Psychology in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yolanda García Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
The Individual

In Spain doctoral studies underwent a major legal reform in 1998. The new legislation has brought together the criteria, norms, rules, and study certificates in universities throughout the country, both public and private. A brief description is presented here of the planning and structuring of doctoral programs, which have two clearly differentiated periods: teaching and research. At the end of the 2-year teaching program, the individual and personal phase of preparing one's doctoral thesis commences. However, despite efforts by the state to regulate these studies and to achieve greater efficiency, critical judgment is in order as to whether the envisioned aims are being achieved, namely, that students successfully complete their doctoral studies. After this analysis, we make proposals for the future aimed mainly at the individual period during which the thesis is written, a critical phase in obtaining the doctor's degree. Not enough attention has been given to this in the existing legislation.

Trade Creation or Trade Diversion in ASEAN and ASEAN+6 FTAs: Trade Indicators Approach

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Anh Tu Thuy ◽  
Ngoc Le Minh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

This paper makes use of two trade indicators, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Regional Orientation (RO), to evaluate the economic impacts of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (The) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on Vietnamese commodities at the Harmonized System (HS) 2-digit level. Several sectors in which Vietnam has revealed a comparative advantage, has benefited from the AFTA, and would continue to enjoy trade creation from the RCEP, are: Cereals (10), Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement (25), Rubber (40), Knitted or crocheted fabric (60), etc. More importantly, the result provides a list of commodities in which Vietnam has a comparative advantage and only experiences trade creation when participating in the RCEP. These are: Milling products, malt, starches, inulin, wheat gluten (11), Vegetable plaiting materials, vegetable products not elsewhere specified (14), Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal (44), etc. Findings also show commodities in which Vietnam has a comparative advantage; but are not well positioned in the RCEP market yet, e.g. Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations and products (19) and Manmade staple fibres (55). If sufficient investment decisions and marketing strategies are applied to these commodities, they will well penetrate the RCEP market and bring trade creation and welfare improvement to Vietnam. Public and private investment should consider the above-mentioned commodities as targets to leapfrog the benefits of RCEP.

The impact of business tourism clustering on the regional economy's development: A Greater Moscow case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1414
Author(s):  
K.S. Golondarev
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article explores the issues of business tourism clustering in Greater Moscow. Objectives. The article intends to justify the need to create a business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow to improve the investment climate in the region. Methods. For the study, I used a multivariate analysis, forecasting, and extrapolation. Results. The article shows a certain relationship between the efficient functioning of the business tourism cluster and the economy's development. Conclusions and Relevance. Certain types of tourist clusters can serve as platforms for attracting investors and implementing marketing plans. The business tourism cluster is a link between buyers and sellers in various industries. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of the cluster initiative in business tourism, as well as find ways of cooperation between the State and private investors when creating the business tourism cluster in Greater Moscow.

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