scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Modified SMA-Connector Sensor for Detecting Water Adulteration in Honey and Natural Latex

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Adisorn Nuan-On ◽  
Niwat Angkawisittpan ◽  
Nawarat Piladaeng ◽  
Chaiyong Soemphol
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Phase Constant

A detection system for water adulteration in honey is proposed. It consists of a modified SMA-connector sensor and a vector network analyzer. A modified SMA-connector sensor is applied to measure complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, and phase constant of honey samples with the open-ended method. The system is tested in the frequency range of 0.5–4.0 GHz at the sample temperature of 25 °C. The relationships between the complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, the phase constant, and the honey samples with different concentrations (0–30%w/w) are determined. The experimental results show that the real part of the complex relative permittivity is significantly proportional in honey samples with adulteration of water in the range of 0–30%w/w. The frequency of 0.6 GHz is a suitable frequency for detection with a real part of complex relative permittivity as an indicator. The frequency of 3.74 GHz is an appropriate frequency for detection with electrical conductivity as in indicator while the frequency of 4.0 GHz is suitable for detection with phase constant as an indicator. In addition, the data are analyzed with regression analysis. This technique is also performed on natural latex samples to determine the dry rubber content. The frequency of 0.5 GHz is a suitable frequency with a real part of complex relative permittivity as an indicator while the frequency of 4.0 GHz is a suitable frequency with an imaginary part of complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, and phase constant as the indicators. The results demonstrate that it is possible to apply this technique to determine the dry rubber content in the natural latex samples as well.

Measurement of Permittivity of Ferroelectrics Using Coaxial Resonator

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Biao Tan ◽  
Shu Bing Su
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Fundamental Resonance ◽  
Coaxial Resonator

This paper presents a coaxial resonator technique applied for the measurement of the permittivity of ferroelectric thick film. A 1/4-wavelength coaxial resonator with appropriate dimensions were designed and made for measurements so that there is only TEM fundamental resonance in the interest frequency range. The permittivity may be extracted from the measured TEM fundamental resonant frequency in the resonator. The equivalent capacitance to the part between sample and open end of coaxial line is discussed, in which the boundary element numerical method was used for modeling the capacitance. The resonant frequency was measured using network analyzer and good experimental results were obtained.

Combined vector network analyzer and impedance analyzer for broadband determination of complex permittivity spectrum of glass beads with talc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Hironobu Saito ◽  
Kahori Furuhata ◽  
Shin Yagihara ◽  
Agnieszka Szypłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Complex Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Permittivity Spectrum

<p>Soil complex dielectric permittivity is frequency dependent. At low frequencies soil dielectric spectrum exhibits relaxation effects mainly due to interfacial phenomena caused by water strongly bounded to solid phase particles surfaces, double-layer effects and Maxwell-Wagner effect. At frequencies of several GHz and above, the influence of dielectric dispersion of free water dipoles can be observed.  Since dielectric soil moisture meters operate at frequencies from kHz up to several GHz, their output can be affected by these phenomena.</p><p>Currently, there is a variety of commercial sensors that operate at various frequencies from kHz up to several GHz. Most popular are TDR sensors with frequency band up to 1-2 GHz and capacitance/impedance sensors that operate at a single frequency usually from the range <br>1-150 MHz. Therefore, the knowledge of the broadband complex dielectric permittivity spectrum can help to improve the existing and develop new methods and devices for soil moisture and salinity estimation. Also, accurate characterization of complex dielectric permittivity spectrum of porous materials in the broadband frequency range is required for modeling of dielectric properties of materials in terms of moisture, salinity, density, mineralogy etc.</p><p>The aim of the study was to measure the complex dielectric permittivity of glass beads with 5% talc moistened with distilled water and saline water (electrical conductivity of 500, 1000, 1500 mS/m). The experiment was carried out using a seven-rod probe connected to an impedance analyzer (IA) and a vector network analyzer (VNA) using a multiplexer in the frequency range from 40Hz to 110MHz (IA) and 10MHz to 500MHz (VNA). The glass beads (90-106 µm, Fuji Manufacturing Industries, Japan) with 5% talc (Sigma Aldrich) in 4 different moisture and 4 different salinity values were examined. The results obtained from the IA and the VNA were combined and modeled with complex conductivity and dielectric permittivity model. The influence of water content and electrical conductivity on broadband complex dielectric spectra and the fitted model parameters was examined.</p><p> </p><p>The work has been supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, BIOSTRATEG3/343547/8/NCBR/2017.</p>

scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Study of the Near Field Probe in the Form of a Folded Dipole for Measuring Glucose Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gorst ◽  
Kseniya Zavyalova ◽  
Aleksandr Mironchev ◽  
Andrey Zapasnoy ◽  
Andrey Klokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Average Deviation

The article investigates the near-field probe of a special design to account for changes in glucose concentration. The probe is designed in such a way that it emits radiation in both directions from its plane. In this paper, it was proposed to modernize this design and consider the unidirectional emission of the probe in order to maximize the signal and reduce energy loss. We have done extensive research for both bidirectional and unidirectional probe designs. Numerical simulations and field experiments were carried out to determine different concentrations of glucose (0, 4, 5.3, 7.5 mmol/L). Numerical modeling of a unidirectional probe showed that the interaction of radiation generated by such a probe with a multilayer structure simulating a human hand showed a better result and high sensitivity compared to a bidirectional probe. Further, based on the simulation results, a phantom (physical model) of a human hand was recreated from layers with dielectric properties as close as possible to the properties of materials during simulation. The probe was constructed from a copper tube and matched both the geometric and physical parameters of the model. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz for the unidirectional and bidirectional probes. Further, the results of the experiment were compared with the results of numerical simulation. According to the results of multiple experiments, it was found that the average deviation between the concentrations was 2 dB for a unidirectional probe and 0.4 dB for a bidirectional probe. Thus, the sensitivity of the unidirectional probe was 1.5 dB/(mmol/L) for the bidirectional one 0.3 dB/(mmol/L). Thus, the improved design of the near-field probe can be used to record glucose concentrations.

Mechanical and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Csf/Si3N4 Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 1661-1664
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Fa Luo ◽  
Dong Mei Zhu ◽  
Wan Cheng Zhou ◽  
Hong Huan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Microwave Dielectric Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
The Real ◽  
Microwave Dielectric ◽  
Hot Press Sintering ◽  
Sintering Method

Csf/Si3N4 composites were prepared by hot-press sintering method using α-Si3N4 power, short chopping carbon-fiber and sintering additives. XRD analysis showed that the α-Si3N4 was almost completely transferred into β-Si3N4. The SEM micrographs of fractured surfaces showed that special network developed by rod-like β- Si3N4 grains. The flexure strength of 590±10MPa, and fracture toughness of 7.94±0.1MPa·m1/2 were achieved for the samples incorporated with 0.5wt% the carbon fibers .The microwave dielectric property of Csf/Si3N4 composites was measured at a frequency range of 8.2~18GHz by E8362B PNA series network analyzer. The real part (ε ′ ) of the permittivity of the Csf/Si3N4 composites increases from 10 to 58 with the rise of the content of carbon fibers in the composites, as well as the imaginary part increases from 0.03 to 98 at frequency of 9.375GHz. A strong frequency dependence of the real part was observed both in X and Ku bands.

Design and Implementation of Spurs Detection System Based on OpenCV

2011 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Peng He ◽  
Lian Peng Wang ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Gang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Function Expansion ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Improved Algorithm

In order to better solve the problem of detection of small bone spurs with convenient and accurate way, a portable spur detection system is designed. This system, in view of spur reproducibility characteristic, is characterized by the application for a kind of the improved algorithm based on the OpenCV. And it was successfully transplanted into the embedded system. The experimental results indicated that this system might precisely examine the small spur with difficulty discovery by naked eyes used fully by two images of computed tomography which done in different periods. The spur detection system needs to be further improved function to realize more applications. In fact, function expansion based on the system is easy to realize.

scholarly journals Embedded Smart Car Security System on Face Detection

2014 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Vikram Kulkarni ◽  
Viswaprakash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
The Face ◽  
Car Security ◽  
System Prototype

In this proposed embedded car security system, FDS(Face Detection System) is used to detect the face of the driver and compare it with the predefined face. For example, in the night when the car’s owner is sleeping and someone theft the car then FDS obtains images by one tiny web camera which can be hidden easily in somewhere in the car. FDS compares the obtained image with the predefined images if the image doesn’t match, then the information is sent to the owner through MMS. So now owner can obtain the image of the thief in his mobile as well as he can trace the location through GPS. The location of the car as well as its speed can be displayed to the owner through SMS. So by using this system, owner can identify the thief image as well as the location of the car This system prototype is built on the base of one embedded platform in which one SoC named “SEP4020”(works at 100MHz) controls all the processes .Experimental results illuminate the validity of this car security system.

scholarly journals Studying of dielectric spectra of YCu0.15Mn0.85O3 solid solution with the use of complex conductivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 2160013
Author(s):  
A. V. Nazarenko ◽  
A. V. Pavlenko ◽  
Y. I. Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Complex Conductivity ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
Approximation Model ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Frequency Behavior ◽  
Complex Electrical Conductivity

This work presents the results of studying the electrophysical properties of the YCu[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O3 solid solution in the range of temperatures of [Formula: see text] = 26–400[Formula: see text]C and frequency range of [Formula: see text] = 102–105 Hz. A model description of the revealed dispersion of dielectric parameters in the material is made. The nonclassical modified Havriliak–Negami model written for complex electrical conductivity was used as an approximation model. It is shown that the application of this model almost exactly describes the frequency behavior of the dielectric constant [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text], the dielectric loss tangent tg[Formula: see text] as well as the real and imaginary parts of complex conductivity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The results of this work are an important step in identifying the opportunities and understanding the applications of this model.

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