scholarly journals Reduction of Bioaerosols Emitted from a Swine Confinement Building by a Percolating Biofilter During a 10-Month Period

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vyskocil ◽  
Valérie Létourneau ◽  
Matthieu Girard ◽  
Ariane Lévesque ◽  
Caroline Duchaine
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Nutritive Solution ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Swine Confinement ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Culture Dependent

The release of pathogens into the air from swine confinement buildings are mitigated through preventative measures, such as outgoing air filtration, to reduce the risk of spread to nearby barns and communities. The present study aims to characterize the effectiveness of a percolating biofilter developed by the Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment (IRDA) to capture airborne contaminants, such as bacteria and viruses emitted from a swine finishing room. Over a 10-month period (summer, fall, and winter), air was sampled upwind and downwind of the biofilter using two wet walled cyclonic samplers. Culture-dependent and molecular biology analyses were used to track changes in microbial concentrations and populations both captured and emitted by the percolating biofilter. Results revealed a minor reduction (median reduction efficiency 14.4%) in culturable bacteria. There was a decrease in total bacteria (qPCR) (75.0%) and other qPCR targeted organisms: archaea (42.1%), coliphages (25.6%), Enterococcus (76.1%), and Escherichia coli (40.9%). The community analyses showed similar bacterial diversity in the air upwind and downwind of the biofilter although more Proteobacteria were present downwind of the unit, likely attributable to the Proteobacteria-rich nutritive solution. Evidence is provided for bioaerosols reduction by a percolating biofilter treating air from a swine fattening-finishing room.

scholarly journals Culture-Independent and Culture-Dependent Characterization of the Black Soldier Fly Gut Microbiome Reveals a Large Proportion of Culturable Bacteria with Potential for Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Dorothee Tegtmeier ◽  
Sabine Hurka ◽  
Sanja Mihajlovic ◽  
Maren Bodenschatz ◽  
Stephanie Schlimbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are fast-growing, resilient insects that can break down a variety of organic substrates and convert them into valuable proteins and lipids for applications in the feed industry. Decomposition is mediated by an abundant and versatile gut microbiome, which has been studied for more than a decade. However, little is known about the phylogeny, properties and functions of bacterial isolates from the BSFL gut. We therefore characterized the BSFL gut microbiome in detail, evaluating bacterial diversity by culture-dependent methods and amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Redundant strains were identified by genomic fingerprinting and 105 non-redundant isolates were then tested for their ability to inhibit pathogens. We cultivated representatives of 26 genera, covering 47% of the families and 33% of the genera detected by amplicon sequencing. Among these isolates, we found several representatives of the most abundant genera: Morganella, Enterococcus, Proteus and Providencia. We also isolated diverse members of the less-abundant phylum Actinobacteria, and a novel genus of the order Clostridiales. We found that 15 of the isolates inhibited at least one of the tested pathogens, suggesting a role in helping to prevent colonization by pathogens in the gut. The resulting culture collection of unique BSFL gut bacteria provides a promising resource for multiple industrial applications.

scholarly journals Ecological Effects of Perorally Administered Pivmecillinam on the Normal Vaginal Microflora

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Sullivan ◽  
Aino Fianu-Jonasson ◽  
Britt-Marie Landgren ◽  
Carl Erik Nord
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the effects of antimicrobial agents on the normal vaginal microflora is limited. The objective of the present study was to study the ecological impact of pivmecillinam on the normal vaginal microflora. In 20 healthy women, the estimated day of ovulation was determined during three subsequent menstrual cycles. Microbiological and clinical examinations were performed on the estimated day of ovulation and on day 3 in all cycles and also on day 7 after ovulation in cycles 1 and 2. Anaerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-positive rods, mainly species of lactobacilli and actinomycetes, dominated the microflora. One woman was colonized on the third day of administration with a resistant Escherichia coli strain, and Candida albicans was detected in one woman on days 3 and 7 in cycle 2. No other major changes in the normal microflora occurred during the study. Administration of pivmecillinam had a minor ecological impact on the normal vaginal microflora.

scholarly journals The bacterial community of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Paulina Maldonado-Ruiz ◽  
Saraswoti Neupane ◽  
Yoonseong Park ◽  
Ludek Zurek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Lone Star Tick ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

Abstract Background The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), an important vector of a wide range of human and animal pathogens, is very common throughout the East and Midwest of the USA. Ticks are known to carry non-pathogenic bacteria that may play a role in their vector competence for pathogens. Several previous studies using the high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies reported the commensal bacteria in a tick midgut as abundant and diverse. In contrast, in our preliminary survey of the field collected adult lone star ticks, we found the number of culturable/viable bacteria very low. Methods We aimed to analyze the bacterial community of A. americanum by a parallel culture-dependent and a culture-independent approach applied to individual ticks. Results We analyzed 94 adult females collected in eastern Kansas and found that 60.8% of ticks had no culturable bacteria and the remaining ticks carried only 67.7 ± 42.8 colony-forming units (CFUs)/tick representing 26 genera. HTS of the 16S rRNA gene resulted in a total of 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with the dominant endosymbiotic genera Coxiella and Rickettsia (> 95%). Remaining OTUs with very low abundance were typical soil bacterial taxa indicating their environmental origin. Conclusions No correlation was found between the CFU abundance and the relative abundance from the culture-independent approach. This suggests that many culturable taxa detected by HTS but not by culture-dependent method were not viable or were not in their culturable state. Overall, our HTS results show that the midgut bacterial community of A. americanum is very poor without a core microbiome and the majority of bacteria are endosymbiotic.

scholarly journals Membrane Association of the Escherichia coli Enterobactin Synthase Proteins EntB/G, EntE, and EntF

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras M. Hantash ◽  
Charles F. Earhart
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Membrane Association ◽  
Cytosolic Proteins ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The cytosolic proteins EntE, EntF, and EntB/G, which areEscherichia coli enzymes necessary for the final stage of enterobactin synthesis, are released by osmotic shock. Here, consistent with the idea that cytoplasmic proteins found in shockates have an affinity for membranes, a small fraction of each was found in membrane preparations. Two procedures demonstrated that the enzymes were enriched in a minor membrane fraction of buoyant density intermediate between that of cytoplasmic and outer membranes, providing indirect support for the notion that these proteins have a role in enterobactin excretion as well as synthesis.

D-Lactic Acid Production from Xylose in Engineered Escherichia coli SZ470

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 721-724
Author(s):  
Zhao Min Zheng ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Jin Hua Wang ◽  
Yong Ze Wang ◽  
Sheng De Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
A Minor

WD100, knocked out adhE of Escherichia coli SZ470 and inserted ldhA into Escherichia coli WD01, was genetically engineered to utilize xylose. D-lactate production was investigated for shake flask cultures with xylose. In 64h WD100 produce 10.1g/L D-lactate in the shaking flask And it consumed 25g/L xylose during the ending of fermentation.This volumetric productivity with xylose is 0.14 g·L-1·h-1.Because of pyruvate decarboxylase (poxB) expressed in flask fermention,acetate production was up to 4.7g/L.Succinate,formate,ethanol was also produced as a minor product during fermentation.

Multicenter evaluation of molecular and culture-dependent diagnostics for Shigella species and Entero-invasive Escherichia coli in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike J.C. van den Beld ◽  
Alexander W. Friedrich ◽  
Evert van Zanten ◽  
Frans A.G. Reubsaet ◽  
Mirjam A.M.D. Kooistra-Smid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Culture Dependent

scholarly journals Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Hongxiao Cui ◽  
Defa Sun ◽  
Lihui Liu ◽  
Xiurong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Duodenal Content ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Total Bacteria

Gut development is stimulated by exposure to microorganisms, especially early-life microbial exposure. This study aimed to investigate whether doe-litter separation, which is performed in many rabbit farms, affects this exposure and therefore inhibits the development of intestinal system in suckling rabbits. Immediately after parturition, Rex rabbit does (n=16) were adjusted to 8 kits per litter and divided into doe-litter separation (DLS) group and doe-litter together (DLT) group based on the conditions of the does. One healthy kit per litter was selected and sacrificed at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d and 28 d of age, and the number of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides-Prevotella, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in duodenum and caecum were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The morphological parameters of duodenum and vermiform appendix were also measured. Our results showed that doe-litter separation affected the number of intestinal bacteria. At 7 d of age, except for caecal Escherichia coli, the number of the investigated bacteria was decreased by doe-litter separation (P&lt;0.05). But 1 wk later, only the number of total bacteria and Bacteroides-Prevotella in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and Escherichia coli in duodenal content from DLS kits (P&lt;0.05) were still lower than those from DLT kits. After being provided with supplementary food for 7 d, DLS kits had fewer total bacteria in caecal content (P&lt;0.05) and fewer E. coli in duodenal content (P&lt;0.01) than DLT kits. After growing to 28 d of age, kits in DLS group still tended to have fewer total bacteria in caecal content, and expression of IL-10 and secretion of secretory IgA (sIgA) in vermiform appendix in DLS group was obviously lower than kits in DLT group (P&lt;0.05). The villus height:crypt depth ratio in duodenum at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk was decreased by DLS (P&lt;0.05). Kits in DLS group had shorter villus height (P&lt;0.05), higher crypt depth (P&lt;0.05) and shorter vermiform appendix (P&lt;0.05) at the end of the trial. Furthermore, separating kits from the doe had a negative effect on their average daily gain at 3<sup>rd</sup> wk and 4<sup>th</sup> wk (P&lt;0.05). Limiting the microbiological contact with the mother during suckling period affected the kits’ intestinal flora and could negatively affect the development of intestinal digestive and immune system and growth performance of kits.

scholarly journals Harmless treatment method of dead chickens in scale chicken farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Chunlin Yu ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
Mohan Qiu ◽  
Longhuan Du ◽  
Zengrong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chicken Farm ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Better Than

The harmless treatment of dead chickens is an important content in poultry production. This paper compared the effects of the harmless treatment of dead chickens by adding different disinfectants, including quicklime and calcium hypochlorite. The results showed that both quicklime and calcium hypochlorite could increase the total bacteria content, improve the harmless treatment capacity, and shorten the killing time of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of quicklime was better than that of calcium hypochlorite. The experiment provided practical guidance for harmless treatment of scale chicken farm.

scholarly journals Single-target regulators form a minor group of transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3921-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Shimada ◽  
Hiroshi Ogasawara ◽  
Akira Ishihama
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Single Target ◽  
K 12 ◽  
A Minor

scholarly journals Nanotextile membranes for bacteria Escherichia coli capturing

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Lev ◽  
Libor Kalhotka ◽  
Michal Černý
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Input Side

The article describes an experimental study dealing with the possibility of nanotextile materials usa­ge for microbiologically contaminated water filtration. The aim of the study is to verify filtration ability of different nanotextile materials and evaluate the possibilities of practical usage. Good detention ability of these materials in the air filtration is the presumption for nanotextile to be used for bacteria filtration from a liquid. High nanotextile porosity with the nanotextile pores dimensions smaller than a bacteria size predicates the possibility of a successful usage of these materials. For the experiment were used materials made from electrospinning nanofibres under the label PA612, PUR1, PUR2 s PUR3 on the supporting unwoven textiles (viscose and PP). As a model simulation of the microbial contamination, bacteria Escherichia coli was chosen. Contaminated water was filtered during the overpressure activity of 105Pa on the input side of the filter from the mentioned material. After three-day incubation on the nutrient medium, cultures found in the samples before and after filtration were compared. In the filtrated water, bacteria E. coli were indicated, which did not verify the theoretical presumptions about an absolut bacteria detention. However, used materials caught at least 94% of bacteria in case of material PUR1 and up to 99,996% in case of material PUR2. These results predict the possibility of producing effective nanotextile filters for microbiologically contaminated water filtration.Recommendation: For the production of materials with better filtrating qualities, experiments need to be done, enabling better understanding of the bacteria detention mechanisms on the nanotextile material, and parameters of the used materials that influence the filtrating abilities need to be verified.

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