scholarly journals Human Psychophysiology Is Influenced by Low-Level Magnetic Fields: Solar Activity as the Cause

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Michael Hanzelka ◽  
Jiří Dan ◽  
Pavel Fiala ◽  
Přemysl Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electrically Charged

We evaluate the impact of changes in solar activity on three significant human psychophysiological parameters: skin conductance, electromyography (EMG), and the share of abdominal and diaphragmatic breathing in overall ventilation. Variations affecting human psychophysiology due to changes in solar activity directly document the assertion that psychology, behavior, and decision-making all reflect geomagnetic field alterations that stem from variable solar activity. The relevant experiments showed that solar processes, during which the Earth is exposed to electrically charged particles from the Sun (solar wind), exert an impact on the psychophysiological parameters of the body.

The Sun, geomagnetic polarity transitions, and possible biospheric effects: review and illustrating model

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Glassmeier ◽  
Otto Richter ◽  
Joachim Vogt ◽  
Petra Möbus ◽  
Antje Schwalb
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Polarity Transition ◽  
Weak Transition ◽  
Geomagnetic Polarity

AbstractThe Earth is embedded in the solar wind, this ever-streaming extremely tenuous ionized gas emanating from the Sun. It is the geomagnetic field which inhibits the solar wind plasma to directly impinge upon the terrestrial atmosphere. It is also the geomagnetic field which moderates and controls the entry of energetic particles of cosmic and solar origin into the atmosphere. During geomagnetic polarity transitions the terrestrial magnetic field decays down to about 10% of its current value. Also, the magnetic field topology changes from a dipole dominated structure to a multipole dominated topology. What happens to the Earth system during such a polarity transition, that is, during episodes of a weak transition field? Which modifications of the configuration of the terrestrial magnetosphere can be expected? Is there any influence on the atmosphere from the intensified particle bombardment? What are the possible effects on the biosphere? Is a polarity transition another example of a cosmic cataclysm? A review is provided on the current understanding of the problem. A first, illustrating model is also discussed to outline the complexity of any biospheric reaction on polarity transitions.

scholarly journals Methods and Experiments for Sensing Variations in Solar Activity and Defining Their Impact on Heart Variability

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4817
Author(s):  
Michael Hanzelka ◽  
Jiří Dan ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Zdeněk Roubal ◽  
Přemysl Dohnal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Psychophysiological Data ◽  
Human Nervous System

This paper evaluates variations in solar activity and their impact on the human nervous system, including the manner in which human behavior and decision-making reflect such effects in the context of (symmetrical) social interactions. The relevant research showed that solar activity, manifesting itself through the exposure of the Earth to charged particles from the Sun, affects heart variability. The evaluation methods focused on examining the relationships between selected psychophysiological data and solar activity, which generally causes major alterations in the low-level electromagnetic field. The investigation within this paper revealed that low-level EMF changes are among the factors affecting heart rate variability and, thus, also variations at the spectral level of the rate, in the VLF, (f = 0.01–0.04 Hz), LF (f = 0.04–0.15 Hz), and HF (f = 0.15 až 0.40 Hz) bands. The results of the presented experiments can also be interpreted as an indirect explanation of sudden deaths and heart failures.

scholarly journals The connection between solar wind charged particles and tornadoes: Case analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Radovanovic ◽  
Bosko Milovanovic ◽  
Mila Pavlovic ◽  
Aleksandar Radivojevic ◽  
Milan Stevancevic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Potential Link

The temperature of charged particles coming from the Sun ranges from several hundred thousands to several millions ?C, in extreme cases. Theoretical possibilities of the hydrodynamic air mass seizing by charged particles, i. e. solar wind, are discussed in this paper. On one hand, they are characterized by extremely high temperatures, on the other, by the compression of cold air at an approximate altitude of 90 km towards the top of the cloud of the cyclone, they influence the phenomenon of extremely low temperatures. By using the Mann-Whitney U test we have tried to determine the potential link between certain indicators of solar activity and resulting disturbances in the atmosphere. Analyzed data refer to global daily values for the 2004-2010 period. Our results confirm the possibility of coupling between the charged particles and the vortex air mass movements, based on which a more detailed study of the appearance of a tornado near Sombor on May 12th, 2010, was carried out. It has also been proven that there are grounds for a causality between the sudden arrival of the solar wind charged particles, i. e. protons, and the appearance of a tornado. Based on the presented approach, elements for an entirely novel prediction model are given.

Can we explain the low geo-effectiveness of the fast halo CMEs in 2002 with EUHFORIA?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schmieder ◽  
Stefaan Poedts ◽  
Christine Verbeke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Disk Center ◽  
Magnetic Clouds ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Halo Cmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Ambient Solar Wind

<p>In 2002 (Cycle 23), a weak impact on the magnetosphere of the Earth has been reported for six halo CMEs related to six X-class flares and with velocities higher than 1000 km/s. The registered Dst minima are all between -17 nT and -50 nT.  A study of the Sun-Earth chain of phenomena related to these CMEs reveals that four of them have a source at the limb and two have a source close to the solar disk center (Schmieder et al., 2020). All of CME magnetic clouds had a low z‑component of the magnetic field, oscillating between positive and negative values.</p><p>We performed a set of EUHFORIA simulations in an attempt to explain the low observed Dst and the observed magnetic fields. We study the degree of deviation of these halo CMEs from the Sun-Earth axis and as well as their deformation and erosion due to their interaction with the ambient solar wind (resulting in magnetic reconnections) according to the input of parameters and their chance to hit other planets. The inhomogeneous nature of the solar wind and encounters  are also important parameters influencing the impact of CMEs on planetary magnetospheres.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Shiokawa ◽  
Katya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Program ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Grand Minimum ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various responses in geospace and atmosphere. This Sun–Earth connection variates in time scales from milli-seconds to millennia and beyond. The solar activity, which has a ~11-year periodicity, is gradually declining in recent three solar cycles, suggesting a possibility of a grand minimum in near future. VarSITI—variability of the Sun and its terrestrial impact—was the 5-year program of the scientific committee on solar-terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP) in 2014–2018, focusing on this variability of the Sun and its consequences on the Earth. This paper reviews some background of SCOSTEP and its past programs, achievements of the 5-year VarSITI program, and remaining outstanding questions after VarSITI.

3D MHD study of the Earth magnetosphere response during extreme space weather conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo Varela Rodriguez ◽  
Sacha A. Brun ◽  
Antoine Strugarek ◽  
Victor Réville ◽  
Filippo Pantellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Imf

<p><span>The aim of the study is to analyze the response of the Earth magnetosphere for various space weather conditions and model the effect of interplanetary coronal mass ejections. The magnetopause stand off distance, open-closed field lines boundary and plasma flows towards the planet surface are investigated. We use the MHD code PLUTO in spherical coordinates to perform a parametric study regarding the dynamic pressure and temperature of the solar wind as well as the interplanetary magnetic field intensity and orientation. The range of the parameters analyzed extends from regular to extreme space weather conditions consistent with coronal mass ejections at the Earth orbit. The direct precipitation of the solar wind on the Earth day side at equatorial latitudes is extremely unlikely even during super coronal mass ejections. For example, the SW precipitation towards the Earth surface for a IMF purely oriented in the Southward direction requires a IMF intensity around 1000 nT and the SW dynamic pressure above 350 nPa, space weather conditions well above super-ICMEs. The analysis is extended to previous stages of the solar evolution considering the rotation tracks from Carolan (2019). The simulations performed indicate an efficient shielding of the Earth surface 1100 Myr after the Sun enters in the main sequence. On the other hand, for early evolution phases along the Sun main sequence once the Sun rotation rate was at least 5 times faster (< 440 Myr), the Earth surface was directly exposed to the solar wind during coronal mass ejections (assuming today´s Earth magnetic field). Regarding the satellites orbiting the Earth, Southward and Ecliptic IMF orientations are particularly adverse for Geosynchronous satellites, partially exposed to the SW if the SW dynamic pressure is 8-14 nPa and the IMF intensity 10 nT. On the other hand, Medium orbit satellites at 20000 km are directly exposed to the SW during Common ICME if the IMF orientation is Southward and during Strong ICME if the IMF orientation is Earth-Sun or Ecliptic. The same way, Medium orbit satellites at 10000 km are directly exposed to the SW if a Super ICME with Southward IMF orientation impacts the Earth.</span></p><p>This work was supported by the project 2019-T1/AMB-13648 founded by the Comunidad de Madrid, grants ERC WholeSun, Exoplanets A and PNP. We extend our thanks to CNES for Solar Orbiter, PLATO and Meteo Space science support and to INSU/PNST for their financial support.</p>

Improving Fire Safety by Understanding the Fire Performance of Engineered Floor Systems and Providing the Fire Service with Information for Tactical Decision Making

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kerber ◽  
◽  
Daniel Madrzykowski ◽  
James Dalton ◽  
Bob Backstrom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Firefighter Safety ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Floor System ◽  
The Impact

This research project was a collaboration of several research organizations, product manufacturers and fire service representatives to examine hazards associated with residential flooring systems to improve firefighter safety. Funding for this project was provided through the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant Program. The main objective of this study was to improve firefighter safety by increasing the level of knowledge on the response of residential flooring systems to fire. Several types (or series) of experiments were conducted and analyzed to expand the body of knowledge on the impact of fire on residential flooring systems. The results of the study have been prepared to provide tactical considerations for the fire service to enable improved decision making on the fire scene. Experiments were conducted to examine several types of floor joists including, dimensional lumber, engineered I-joists, metal plate connected wood trusses, steel C-joists, castellated I-joists and hybrid trusses. Experiments were performed at multiple scales to examine single floor system joists in a laboratory up through a full floor system in an acquired structure. Applied load, ventilation, fuel load, span and protection methods were altered to provide important information about the impact of these variables to structural stability and firefighter safety. There are several tactical considerations that result from this research that firefighters can use immediately to improve their understanding, safety and decision making when sizing up a fire in a one or two family home. 
 This report summarizes the results from each of the experimental series and provides discussion and conclusions of the results. 


Influence of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, and cosmic rays on the terrestrial environment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Dar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Threat To Life

Changes in the solar neighbourhood due to the motion of the sun in the Galaxy, solar evolution, and Galactic stellar evolution influence the terrestrial environment and expose life on the Earth to cosmic hazards. Such cosmic hazards include impact of near-Earth objects (NEOs), global climatic changes due to variations in solar activity and exposure of the Earth to very large fluxes of radiations and cosmic rays from Galactic supernova (SN) explosions and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such cosmic hazards are of low probability, but their influence on the terrestrial environment and their catastrophic consequences, as evident from geological records, justify their detailed study, and the development of rational strategies, which may minimize their threat to life and to the survival of the human race on this planet. In this chapter I shall concentrate on threats to life from increased levels of radiation and cosmic ray (CR) flux that reach the atmosphere as a result of (1) changes in solar luminosity, (2) changes in the solar environment owing to the motion of the sun around the Galactic centre and in particular, owing to its passage through the spiral arms of the Galaxy, (3) the oscillatory displacement of the solar system perpendicular to the Galactic plane, (4) solar activity, (5) Galactic SN explosions, (6) GRBs, and (7) cosmic ray bursts (CRBs). The credibility of various cosmic threats will be tested by examining whether such events could have caused some of the major mass extinctions that took place on planet Earth and were documented relatively well in the geological records of the past 500 million years (Myr). A credible claim of a global threat to life from a change in global irradiation must first demonstrate that the anticipated change is larger than the periodical changes in irradiation caused by the motions of the Earth, to which terrestrial life has adjusted itself. Most of the energy of the sun is radiated in the visible range. The atmosphere is highly transparent to this visible light but is very opaque to almost all other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum except radio waves, whose production by the sun is rather small.

scholarly journals 42. Solar cosmic radiation and the interstellar magnetic field

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 404-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ehmert
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Narrow Angle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Zones

The increase of cosmic radiation on 23 February 1956 by solar radiation exhibited in the first minutes a high peak at European stations that were lying in direct impact zones for particles coming from a narrow angle near the sun, whilst other stations received no radiation for a further time of 10 minutes and more. An hour later all stations in intermediate and high latitudes recorded solar radiation in a distribution as would be expected if this radiation fell into the geomagnetic field in a fairly isotropic distribution. The intensity of the solar component decreased at this time at all stations according to the same hyperbolic law (~t–2).It is shown, that this decreasing law, as well as the increase of the impact zones on the earth, can be understood as the consequence of an interstellar magnetic field in which the particles were running and bent after their ejection from the sun.Considering the bending in the earth's magnetic field, one can estimate the direction of this field from the times of the very beginning of the increase in Japan and at high latitudes. The lines of magnetic force come to the earth from a point with astronomical co-ordinates near 12·00, 30° N. This implies that within the low accuracy they have the direction of the galactic spiral arm in which we live. The field strength comes out to be about 0·7 × 10–6gauss. There is a close agreement with the field, that Fermi and Chandrasekhar have derived from Hiltner's measurements of the polarization of starlight and the strength of which they had estimated to the same order of magnitude.

(Re)Designing Business Processes Using Markov Theory and Constrained State, Transition and Actor Role Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Process Redesign ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Decision-making processes are the utmost important to steer the organizational change whenever business process workarounds are attempted during operational times. However, to decide the non-compliant situations, e.g., bypasses, social resistance, or collusion; the business manager demands contextualized and correct interpretations of the existing business process redesign options to cope with workarounds. This article explores the need to aid the decision-making process with a full constructional perspective to optimize the business processes redesign. So, the Markov decision process is combined with the body of knowledge of business processes, in specific, the concepts of designing enterprise-wide business transactions. This methodology supports the management initiatives with more knowledge about the value of business processes redesign. A classical chain of Order-to-Cash business processes (the order, the production, the distribution and the selling of goods) illustrate the benefits of this quantitative approach. Results obtained for business processes redesign in reaction to workarounds are reported. The analysis results show that this approach can anticipate the sub-optimal solutions before taking actions and highlights the impact of discount factors in the final obtained value. The contribution of this novel conceptual integration to the business processes community is the forecast of value function of business transaction redesign options when facing non-compliant workarounds. From related literature, business processes compliance usually comprises offline computation and the redesign is only considered in the forthcoming business processes instances. This article is innovative in the sense that it anticipates the value impact of a redesign, allowing more effective decisions to be taken.

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