scholarly journals Variations in Moisture Supply from the Mediterranean Sea during Meteorological Drought Episodes over Central Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Stojanovic ◽  
Anita Drumond ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One ◽  
Annual Summer

The climate in Central Europe (CEU) during the 20th century is characterized by an overall temperature increase. Severe and prolonged drought events began occurring towards the end and these have continued into the 21st century. This study aims to analyze variations in the moisture supply from the Mediterranean Sea (MDS) during meteorological drought episodes occurring over the CEU region over the last three decades. A total of 51 meteorological drought episodes (22 with summer onsets, and 29 with winter) are identified over the CEU during the period 1980–2015 through the one-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-1), and their respective indicators, including duration, severity, intensity, and peak values, are then computed. Lagrangian forward-in-time analysis reveals that negative anomalies of moisture coming from the MDS prevail in all episodes except seven. Linear regression analysis between variations in the MDS anomalies and indicators of the drought episodes shows a significant linear relationship between severity, duration, peak values (winter), and MDS anomalies, which implies that drought episodes last longer and are more severe with an increase in the negative anomaly of moisture supply from the MDS. Nevertheless, no linear relationship is found between the intensity and peak values (annual, summer) of drought episodes and anomalies in the moisture contribution from the MDS.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Tropical-Like Cyclones in Present and Future Climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 7493-7501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leone Cavicchia ◽  
Hans von Storch ◽  
Silvio Gualdi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One

Abstract The Mediterranean has been identified as one of the most responsive regions to climate change. It has been conjectured that one of the effects of a warmer climate could be to make the Mediterranean Sea prone to the formation of hurricanes. Already in the present climate regime, however, a few of the numerous low pressure systems that form in the area develop a dynamical evolution similar to the one of tropical cyclones. Even if their spatial extent is generally smaller and the life cycle shorter compared to tropical cyclones, such storms produce severe damage on the highly populated coastal areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. This study, based on the analysis of individual realistically simulated storms in homogeneous long-term and high-resolution data from multiple climate change scenarios, shows that the projected effect of climate change on Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones is decreased frequency and a tendency toward a moderate increase of intensity.

scholarly journals Interannual variability of the Mediterranean trophic regimes from ocean color satellites

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 14941-14980 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mayot ◽  
F. D'Ortenzio ◽  
M. Ribera d'Alcalà ◽  
H. Lavigne ◽  
H. Claustre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. D'Ortenzio and Ribera d'Alcalà (2009, DR09 hereafter) divided the Mediterranean Sea into "bioregions" based on the climatological seasonality (phenology) of phytoplankton. Here we investigate the interannual variability of this bioregionalization. Using 16 years of available ocean color observations (i.e. SeaWiFS and MODIS), we analyzed the spatial distribution of the DR09 trophic regimes on an annual basis. Additionally, we identified new trophic regimes, with seasonal cycles of phytoplankton biomass different from the DR09 climatological description and named "Anomalous". Overall, the classification of the Mediterranean phytoplankton phenology proposed by DR09 (i.e. "No Bloom", "Intermittently", "Bloom" and "Coastal"), is confirmed to be representative of most of the Mediterranean phytoplankton phenologies. The mean spatial distribution of these trophic regimes (i.e. bioregions) over the 16 years studied is also similar to the one proposed by DR09. But at regional scale some annual differences, in their spatial distribution and in the emergence of "Anomalous" trophic regimes, were observed compared to the DR09 description. These dissimilarities with the DR09 study were related to interannual variability in the sub-basin forcing: winter deep convection events, frontal instabilities, inflow of Atlantic or Black Sea Waters and river run-off. The large assortment of phytoplankton phenologies identified in the Mediterranean Sea is thus verified at interannual level, confirming the "sentinel" role of this basin to detect the impact of climate changes on the pelagic environment.

Evaluating Cultural Routes for a Network of Competitive Cities in the Mediterranean Sea: The Eastern Monasticism in Western Mediterranean Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1418-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Calabrò ◽  
Daniele Campolo ◽  
Giuseppina Cassalia ◽  
Carmela Tramontana
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Routes

Calabria region (Southern Italy) has become the nerve center of historical events, decisive for the Mediterranean sea destiny, because of its geographical position, its centrality in the Mediterranean area, the peculiarities of the district and the wealth of natural resources. The effects of its role in the Mediterranean history are still visible in its natural, urban and social structure, thus giving the region a large number of cultural and environmental values, which find root in the three preceding millennia. The paper, starting from the most historic routes that have affected the Calabrian coast, aims to highlight the one that has the greatest impact on the culture of the region trying to figure out if it is possible to identify, protect and promote a cultural route according to the ICOMOS Charter of Cultural Routes criteria, devised by the ICOMOS’ international Scientific Committee of Cultural Routes (CIIC) and ratified by the 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS, in Quebec (Canada), October 4, 2008.

scholarly journals Activity patterns, home-range size, and habitat utilization of Sarpa salpa (Teleostei: Sparidae) in the Mediterranean Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jadot ◽  
A. Donnay ◽  
M.L. Acolas ◽  
Y. Cornet ◽  
M.L. Bégout Anras
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Sarpa Salpa ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One

Abstract Acoustic telemetry was used to record diel movement and habitat utilization of the salema (Sarpa salpa) (Teleostei: Sparidae) during three consecutive summers from 2000 to 2002 in the Calvi and Achiarina bays of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 18 fish was equipped with acoustic transmitters inserted in the body cavity, 13 were tracked in the Bay of Calvi (275 mm ± 26.9 LF), and 5 in Achiarina Bay (260 mm ± 33.6 LF). Two different systems were used to track the fish. The one used in the Bay of Calvi was a manual receiver and a directional hydrophone. The second system, used in Achiarina Bay, was a radio-acoustic-positioning (RAP) system that continuously monitored the movements of the fish. Fish positions were put in a geographic information system (GIS) with information on the substratum and depth. Two patterns of behaviour could be identified in the three years. Either the fish had clearly defined daytime as opposed to night-time areas of residency, characterized by different depths and substrata or the fish persistently occupied the same sites during both day and night. In the Bay of Calvi, six fish were released 1 km from the capture site. All of them showed homing ability and returned to the site within 48 h.

scholarly journals Troubled Water in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkey Challenges Greece and Cyprus Regarding Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Heinz-Jürgen Axt
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One

Abstract The conflict between Turkey on the one hand and Greece and Cyprus on the other was exacerbated when Turkey and Libya reached an agreement on the delimitation of maritime zones to explore and exploit energy resources in late 2019. The countries were on the brink of military confrontation. This was the latest climax of a longer period of conflict and mistrust, during which negative perceptions became more entrenched on all sides. Energy is globally high in demand but exploiting resources in the Mediterranean Sea at competitive prices is difficult. The international community has developed an ambitious Law of the Sea, but its interpretation is controversial. Compromises are needed to de-escalate. What might serve as a ‘bridge over troubled waters’ in the Eastern Mediterranean? The author comments on the available options.

scholarly journals An overview of bottom trawl selectivity in the Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRO LUCCHETTI ◽  
MASSIMO VIRGILI ◽  
CLAUDIO VASAPOLLO ◽  
ANDREA PETETTA ◽  
GIADA BARGIONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

In the Mediterranean Sea, where bottom trawling for demersal species is the most important fishery in terms of landings, around 75% of the assessed fish stocks are overfished. Its status as one of the world’s most heavily exploited seas and the one subject to the highest trawling pressure has become a global concern. An extensive review of bottom trawl selectivity studies was performed to assess the sustainability of this fishery in the Mediterranean; the selectivity parameters were collected from 93 peer-reviewed publications of 10 countries, totalling 742 records and 65 species. The review highlighted that i) the catch of bottom trawls commonly employed in the Mediterranean, even complying with current regulations on codend meshes, still includes immature individuals for 64-68% of the species investigated, and individuals under the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) for 78% of the species investigated, and that ii) the MCRS set for 59% of the species analyzed is well below their length at first maturity, and is therefore ecologically inadequate. Although square-mesh codends are slightly more selective, the models developed herein demonstrate that improving size and species selectivity would require considerably larger meshes, which may significantly reduce profitability. The urgent need to reduce the biological impacts of bottom trawling in the Mediterranean should be addressed by promoting the adoption of more ecologically sustainable fishing gears through the introduction of more selective meshes or gear modifications.

The EU as a Maritime Security Actor in the Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Frankenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Security Actor ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
Practical Conduct ◽  
The Eu

This study analyses the EU’s potential as a strategically autonomous maritime security presence in the Mediterranean Sea. Against the backdrop of Europe’s changing external security environment, the EU has signalled its ambition to enhance its role as a global security presence in its latest strategies. Accordingly, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of the EU’s strategic approach to maritime security and defence on the one hand and its practical conduct in the case of Operation Sophia on the other. Analysing the EU’s degree of strategic autonomy in terms of its envisaged and actual capacity to act not only allows for a better understanding of the EU’s ambitions, but also reveals the problems the EU is facing on site, which may hamper the realisation of its potential in the sensitive area of CSDP.

scholarly journals Precipitation of the Mediterranean Origin in Poland – Its Seasonal and Long-Term Variability

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Degirmendžić ◽  
Krzysztof Kożuchowski
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The article presents the results of the analysis of precipitation in Poland associated with cyclones moving from the Mediterranean Sea to East-Central Europe (Mediterranean Cyclonal Precipitation - MCP). The MCP accounts for about 10% of the total amount of precipitation in Poland. Average daily sum of MCP constitutes approximately 150% of daily amount of all precipitation in Poland. The MCP amount reaches its maxima at the end of April and in the mid-August. The highest MCP occurs in the Carpathians and the Sudetes as well as over stripes of land extending northward and covering the central-western and eastern parts of the country. In the years 1958-2008, the mean annual MCP was characterized by a significant decreasing trend - the MCP sum reduced by 29 mm, i.e. ca. 42% of its multiannual value.

The Climate of the Mediterranean Region

1943 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
Warm Surface Water ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Synopsis I. In the first part the characteristic observational facts are given. Average comfortable winter temperatures, hot summers, and a dry period in summer are the significant features. Cloudiness is little, even in winter, in the rainy period. II. The physical explanation is based on the pressure distribution and the main streamlines of the air. In winter, a “lake of low pressure” above the Mediterranean Sea caused by the warm surface water is embedded in the huge region of high pressure from the center of action at the Azores reaching to the continental high pressure. The warm sea intensifies cyclones invading from the Atlantic and gives rise to cyclones in the three parts of the Mediterranean Sea: the Gulf of Lyon, the Adriatic Sea, and the Cyprus region. The first and the last and Northwest Africa as well, are regions of convergence, as is seen from the streamlines of January. In summer the well developed west-to-east pressure gradient causes three main currents directed toward the Persian Gulf. The northern and southern currents, over the high pressure areas of the cool Black Sea and the Mediterranean, respectively, are lines of divergence; the middle current over the heated south European lands is one of convergence. The important wind systems are indicated by this representation. The rainlessness during summer in the southern and eastern portions of the basin finds its explanation in the wind systems, on the one hand, and in the stability of the atmosphere caused by thermal conditions, on the other hand. III. In the last part important local climatic features are presented: excessive rains in the desert; the bora and other cold winds; winter easterlies of Palestine; peaks of temperature; great daily ranges of temperature in the deserts; and the airmass analysis of the sirocco.

scholarly journals Spondylus shells at prehistoric sites in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Kurzawska ◽  
Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Strontium Isotope Analysis ◽  
The Mediterranean

This article presents the results of research concerning shell ornaments discovered in Poland and described in the literature as made of Spondylus shells. Our study focuses on the identification and revision of these artefacts in terms of species, ornament types, and locations of discovery. Additionally, we address the issue of the role of Spondylus shell ornaments and their meaning to the Neolithic communities inhabiting the area of present-day Poland. Our research involved specialist analyses, which allowed us to identify seven Spondylus shell artefacts discovered at five archaeological sites. The strontium isotope analysis 87Sr / 86Sr indicated the Quaternary age of the shells, confirming that they were contemporaneous with prehistoric communities and originated from areas located around the Mediterranean Sea. Presenting the results of our study, we would like to join a wider discussion on the importance of Spondylus shell ornaments in Central Europe in the Neolithic period.

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