La tutela degli stati di bisogno in pediatria

The contribution examines the provisions of law designed to protect minors who are in a state of need due to mental or physical illness. The medical-legal interpretative problems and the practical conduct that the pediatrician or clinician of the child must hold in order to certify the condition.

Use of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) in counter-subversive operations

The Territorial Defence Forces (TDF, Polish abbrev. WOT) are to participate in combat counter-subversive operations, alone or in cooperation with other security actors. Using both offensive and protective-defensive forms and methods, they will create freedom of action for operational troops. Precise reconnaissance of the area, infrastructure knowledge in permanent areas of responsibility (Polish abbrev. SRO), cooperation with the non-military system (Polish abbrev. UPM), and cooperation with the local population in combination with the training of the TDF commanders and soldiers equipped with modern weaponry, reconnaissance and object monitoring systems will ensure good quality of protection while reducing the number of human resources involved. All forms and methods of conducting combat counter-subversive activities presented in the article are a compilation of the content contained in the literature on the subject and the practical conduct of training classes with cadets and officers at the Military University of Land Forces.

PEDAGOGIA DO EXEMPLO: a autobiografia de Loyola e as missões na América Portuguesa do século XVI

Tendo em vista a dimensão educacional dos jesuítas na Europa e a expressiva ação dos homens de preto nas terras além-mar, marcando por mais de dois séculos o período colonial brasílico, o artigo analisa dois documentos do fundador da ordem religiosa Companhia de Jesus, Inácio de Loyola: a Autobiografia e os Exercícios Espirituais; e, também, as cartas dos primeiros jesuítas em missão na América portuguesa do século XVI. Nesse sentido, é tomada a característica pedagógica jesuítica do exemplo. A Autobiografia é interpretada como uma obra elaborada com a finalidade de expor um exemplo a ser seguido e, portanto, norteadora do modus procedendi jesuítico. Os Exercícios Espirituais como fruto dessa pedagogia, como um manual de imersão mística possibilitando a conversão e a alteração radical na conduta moral, religiosa e prática do exercitante por meio do autoexame. Assim, os missionários pioneiros reproduzem a fundamental importância da ação exemplar como meio de ensino. No entanto, o embate com os maus exemplos dos colonos e do clero secular parecem desfavorecer as investidas dos padres, fazendo com que o desafio da conversão do gentio tenha dificuldades além das relações entre jesuítas e nativos.EXAMPLE PEDAGOGY: Loyola's autobiography and Missions in 16th century Portuguese AmericaABSTRACTConsidering the educational dimension of the Jesuits in Europe and the expressive action of the men in black in the lands beyond the sea, marking for more than two centuries the Brazilian colonial period, the article analyzed two documents of the founder of the religious order Company of Jesus, Ignatius of Loyola: the Autobiography and the Spiritual Exercises; and also the letters of the first Jesuits on mission in Portuguese America of the sixteenth century. In this sense, the Jesuit pedagogical characteristic of the example is taken. The Autobiography is interpreted as a work elaborated with the purpose of exposing an example to be followed and, therefore, guiding the Jesuit modus procedendi. The Spiritual Exercises as a result of this pedagogy, as a manual of mystical immersion enabling the conversion and radical change in the moral, religious and practical conduct of the exerciser through self-examination. Thus, the pioneer missionaries reproduce the fundamental importance of exemplary action as a means of teaching. However, the clash with the bad examples of settlers and secular clergy seems to disadvantage the priests' onslaughts, making the challenge of the conversion of the gentile difficult beyond relations between Jesuits and natives.Keywords: Jesuits. Pedagogy of the Example. Autobiography. Spiritual Exercises. Letters. Missions.PEDAGOGÍA DEL EJEMPLO: la autobiografía y las misiones de Loyola y las misiones en América Portuguesa del siglo XVIRESUMENTomando en cuenta la dimensión educativa de los jesuitas en Europa y la expresiva acción de los hombres de negro en las tierras más extremas del mar, marcando por más de los siglos el período colonial brasilero, el artículo analiza dos documentos del fundador del orden religioso Compañía de Jesús, Ignacio de Loyola: la Autobiografía y los Ejercicios Espirituales; y también las las cartas de los primeros jesuitas en misión en la América portuguesa del siglo XVI. En ese sentido, se toma la característica pedagógica jesuítica del ejemplo. La Autobiografía es interpretada como una obra elaborada con la finalidad de exponer un ejemplo a seguir y, por lo tanto, orientadora del modus procedendi jesuítico. Los Ejercicios Espirituales como fruto de esta pedagogía, como un manual de inmersión mística posibilitando la conversión y la alteración radical en la conducta moral, religiosa y práctica del ejercitante por medio del autoexamen. Así, los misioneros pioneros reproducen la fundamental importancia de la acción ejemplar como medio de enseñanza. Sin embargo, el embate con los malos ejemplos de los colonos y del clero secular parece desfavorecer las embestidas de los sacerdotes, haciendo que el desafío de la conversión del gentil tenga dificultades más allá de las relaciones entre jesuitas y nativos.Palabras clave:Jesuitas. Pedagogía del Ejemplo. Autobiografía. Ejercicios Espirituales. Cartas. Misiones.

The EU as a Maritime Security Actor in the Mediterranean Sea

This study analyses the EU’s potential as a strategically autonomous maritime security presence in the Mediterranean Sea. Against the backdrop of Europe’s changing external security environment, the EU has signalled its ambition to enhance its role as a global security presence in its latest strategies. Accordingly, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of the EU’s strategic approach to maritime security and defence on the one hand and its practical conduct in the case of Operation Sophia on the other. Analysing the EU’s degree of strategic autonomy in terms of its envisaged and actual capacity to act not only allows for a better understanding of the EU’s ambitions, but also reveals the problems the EU is facing on site, which may hamper the realisation of its potential in the sensitive area of CSDP.

TO THE QUESTION OF PRIMARY SELECTION IN THE BOXING

The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the methods of primary selection of children for boxing, which will further improve the effectiveness of their training and competitive activities in this sport. The purpose is to identify the opinion of boxing coaches on the need to improve the primary selection in this sport, new tools, methods and indicators that ensure the quality of the contingent and the effectiveness of sports activities of young boxers. Collection of information was carried out with the help of a questionnaire and the study of special scientific literature, electronic sources on the basis of the Belgorod State National University, Boxing Federation of the Belgorod region, Armavir Pedagogical University. The survey involved 49 coaches from different regions of the Russian Federation aged from 23 to 67 years. The opinions of the coaches were divided: some of them consider the improvement of the content of the primary selection an urgent need, the others deny such a need, and several people could not clearly determine their opinion about the need to improve the primary selection in boxing. During the survey, we proposed to improve the selection methodology, taking into account important criteria and indicators in its content. The leading indicators for the primary selection for boxing were divided into three main groups: physical qualities, psychological indicators, personal qualities of the subjects. At the same time, the analysis of literature and a survey of specialists showed that a number of factors in the recommendations and wishes of trainers are absent (for example, the properties of higher nervous activity, the ability to tolerate physical pain and fear of this pain). The obtained data can be used in the theory and methodology of boxing, as well as in the practical conduct of the primary selection of future boxers. The results of the study may be of some value not only for boxing coaches, but also for specialists in other types of martial arts (for example, for kickboxing, karate, taekwondo, etc.). In the future, there is a need to study the general approaches and provisions in the development of methods of primary selection of young athletes for training in martial arts and to justify the criteria and methods of its implementation, taking into account the specifics of each martial art.

Direct Democracy and Referendums

This chapter outlines the history of the use of the referendum and outlines why politicians have resorted to using referendums. While referendums may be justified on the grounds that they provide legitimacy to controversial decisions, the empirical and statistical evidence suggests that referendums are generally held due to political expediency. Looking at the practical conduct of referendums, this chapter suggests that those in office tend to lose them if they have been in government positions for a long time. Finally, the chapter suggests that provisions for referendums are correlated with economic growth, as well as a higher Human Development Index.

Hepatic and renal disease and anaesthesia

Anaesthesia for the patient with liver or renal disease may seem daunting, not least because of the multisystem nature of these seemingly single-system conditions. Both kidney and liver disease are associated with systemic manifestations, and often with multiple co-morbidities. There are inherent complexities in patient assessment and risk stratification. The process of preoperative optimization is a complex one, and has to be tailored to the individual, based on a detailed understanding both of the pathophysiology of the organ dysfunction, and its clinical implications. The practical conduct of anaesthesia is further complicated by unexpected or atypical reactions to therapeutic agents (pharmacodynamic effects) as well as unexpected durations of action and drug interactions (altered pharmacokinetics). This chapter is not an exhaustive treatise on the topic, nor can it be; it does, however, attempt to point towards important issues to be considered.

Experience of Establishing Safe and Accessible Sidewalk for Pedestrians in Taiwan

By focusing on the result of The Annual National Safe and Accessible Sidewalk Assessment project, this study performed factor analysis between the practical conduct and policy conduct. The study reviewed on previous sidewalk safe and accessible literature reviews; such as elderly population, safe and accessible space and planning design of sidewalk, and factor analysis related researches. From the result of factor analysis, two factors were extracted from the policy aspect and three factors were extracted from the practical conduct. For the two factors that extracted from the policy conduct, it was the Overall Planning Management and Execution and Sidewalk Suitability. For the Overall Planning Management and Execution, its eigenvalue was 4.866 and the explained value reached 54.069; which was the primary influence factor of the policy conduct. As for the three factors that extracted from the practical conduct, it was the Accessibility, Safety Facility Maintenance Condition, and Space Planning. Among the factors, the eigenvalue of Accessibility was 5.179, and explained variance reached 51.786; which was the primary influence factor of the practical conduct. Therefore, it was suggested that for future improvements on the pedestrian environment, governmental agencies should strengthen on relevant sidewalk policies in order to regulate pedestrian safe and accessible space. It should accord the legal policies to execute on the overall improvement and development plan of the practical conduct. Other than that, in the process of practical assessment, it should have efficient and active action and planning on the safety and space aspects.