scholarly journals Multi-Layered Blockchain Governance Game

Axioms ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Song-Kyoo (Amang) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Security Enhancement ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Safety Operation ◽  
Layered Design ◽  
Security Network

The research designs a new integrated system for the security enhancement of a decentralized network by preventing damages from attackers, particularly for the 51 percent attack. The concept of multiple layered design based on Blockchain Governance Games frameworks could handle multiple number of networks analytically. The Multi-Layered Blockchain Governance Game is an innovative analytical model to find the best strategies for executing a safety operation to protect whole multiple layered network systems from attackers. This research fully analyzes a complex network with the compact mathematical forms and theoretically tractable results for predicting the moment of a safety operation execution are fully obtained. Additionally, simulation results are demonstrated to obtain the optimal values of configuring parameters of a blockchain-based security network. The Matlab codes for the simulations are publicly available to help those whom are constructing an enhanced decentralized security network architecture through this proposed integrated theoretical framework.

scholarly journals The influence of physical exertion on basic hematological parameters values and heart rate in trotters

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Dajana Slijepcevic ◽  
R. Savic ◽  
Dragisa Trailovic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hematological Tests

One of very important prerequisites for achieving good results in races, in addition to genetic predisposition, quality training and good health, are optimal values for number of erythrocytes, concentration of haemoglobin and hematocrit, of which depends efficient oxygen supply of muscles during great efforts. The stated values, along with data on heart rate, are useful indicators of the degree of horse fitness and readiness for horse race. The influence of physical exertion on the values of basic hematological parameters as well as on heart rate, was investigated on 6 trotters, in training at the Belgrade racetrack (one head of Italian trotter, male, 3 years old; 3 heads of American trotter, male, 3,4 and 6 years old and two heads of Serbian trotter, female, 4 and 5 years old). The blood samples for hematological tests were taken by punction of jugular vein in resting phase - immediately before the commencement of work, after light trot warming for 3000 m and fast trot for 1000 m, with 30 minutes rest between the two runnings. The heart rate was monitored continuously by radio telemetry cardiometer, from the moment they were taken from their boxes and harnessing to the completion of work. The obtained results confirm the relationship between the rise of heart rate and hematocrit values: maximal hematocrit values were determined after the first running (0.49?0.05, in regard to 0.42?0.03 in resting phase), but 30 minutes after the second running there was a slight drop of hematocrit values (0.46?0.04). The blood samples in both cases were taken after fast trot during which there were recorded maximal pulse values, so in the moment of sampling the pulse lowered close to the values in resting - after the first running from 192.23?19.66, and after the second from 180.33?17.22 to 40.67?5.76.

scholarly journals NEW WAYS OF PACKAGE PROJECTS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SME) IN GERMANY/NEUE WEGE IM SCHLÜSSELFERTIGBAU FÜR KLEINE UND MITTELSTÄNDISCHE UNTERNEHMEN

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Bernd Reichelt
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Software Test ◽  
Software Support ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Support Software

In Germany the building industry is in recession at the moment. Especially the SMEs have to adapt to different situation in order to survive. One possible strategy could be taken on orders as main contractors. This has until now been donne dominantely by large building enterprises. The author describes problems and chances which arise if the SMEs take on package projects. He develops a strategic idea that is based on intensive use of computers in all processes and on new forms of cooperation (partnering) that is less known in Germany. The author is convinced that in future the collaboration of partners will play a significant role in the construction of structures that are completely finished and ready for sale. After the improvement of the prototype and optimisation of the information system, the proposed model has a good potential in the field of small and medium business units. After the methodological knowledge and software blend into one product, a new solution will be received, viz the franchise. The integrated system of working with an interested contractor general, his subcontractors and, if necessary, the construction master, that includes training, software support, software test runs, elimination of conflicts and faults, etc. In the first projects the franchiser must provide the intermediator. The Institute of Collaboration of Construction Partners that earns its income from the sale of franchises may perform scientific improvement of methods and software; the Institute is also engaged in dealing with atypical problems, support of subcontractors and contractors in their search for new ideas, as well as in the promotion of its methods using public relations.

scholarly journals D-Optimal Slope Design for Second Degree Kronecker Model Mixture Experiment With Three Ingredients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ngigi Peter Kung’u ◽  
J. K. Arap Koske ◽  
Josphat K. Kinyanjui
Keyword(s):  
Information Matrix ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Matrix Means ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Product Algebra ◽  
Slope Design ◽  
Second Degree

This study presents an investigation of an optimal slope design in the second degree Kronecker model for mixture experiments in three dimensions. The study is restricted to weighted centroid designs, with the second degree Kronecker model. A well-defined coefficient matrix is used to select a maximal parameter subsystem for the model since its full parameter space is inestimable. The information matrix of the design is obtained using a linear function of the moment matrices for the centroids and directly linked to the slope matrix. The discussion is based on Kronecker product algebra which clearly reflects the symmetries of the simplex experimental region. Eventually the matrix means are used in determining optimal values of the efficient developed design.

High Speed Ring-Based Distributed Networked Control System for Real-Time Multivariable Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
H. Kazerooni
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Networked Control System ◽  
Networked Control ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Network Delays ◽  
High Control

A networked control system (NCS) is a control architecture where sensors, actuators and controllers are distributed and interconnected. It is advantageous in terms of interoperability, expandability, installation, volume of wiring, maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. Many distributed network systems of various topologies and network type have been developed, but NCS systems tend to suffer from such issues as nondeterminism, long network delays, large overheads and unfairness. This paper presents the ring-based protocol, called the ExoNet, and its network architecture which are built to achieve better performance as a distributed networked system. A Cypress transceiver CY7C924ADX is applied to the network as a communication unit. The protocol is based on the transceiver and developed to achieve fast communication and allowable latency for controls with high control loop frequency. Compared with other standard network types such as Ethernet, ControlNet or DeviceNet, the network is characterized by its ring-based architecture, simple message and packet formats, one-shot distribution of control data and collection of sensor data, multi-node transmission, echo of a message, and other features. The network also guarantees determinism, collision-free transmission, relatively small overhead, fairness between nodes and flexibility in configuration. Its analysis and comparison with these network types are also provided and its application on the Berkeley Lower-Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX) is described.

scholarly journals A Compatible OpenFlow Platform for Enabling Security Enhancement in SDN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haosu Cheng ◽  
Jianwei Liu ◽  
Jian Mao ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Port Security ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Security Enhancement ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Key Exchange Protocols ◽  
Security Property

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a representative next generation network architecture, which allows network administrators to programmatically initialize, control, change, and manage network behavior dynamically via open interfaces. SDN is widely adopted in systems like 5G mobile networks and cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, SDN brings new security problems, e.g., controller hijacking, black-hole, and unauthorized data modification. Traditional firewall or IDS based solutions cannot fix these challenges. It is also undesirable to develop security mechanisms in such an ad hoc manner, which may cause security conflict during the deployment procedure. In this paper, we propose OSCO (Open Security-enhanced Compatible OpenFlow) platform, a unified, lightweight platform to enhance the security property and facilitate the security configuration and evaluation. The proposed platform supports highly configurable cryptographic algorithm modules, security protocols, flexible hardware extensions, and virtualized SDN networks. We prototyped our platform based on the Raspberry Pi Single Board Computer (SBC) hardware and presented a case study for switch port security enhancement. We systematically evaluated critical security modules, which include 4 hash functions, 8 stream/block ciphers, 4 public-key cryptosystems, and key exchange protocols. The experiment results show that our platform performs those security modules and SDN network functions with relatively low computational (extra 2.5% system overhead when performing AES-256 and SHA-256 functions) and networking performance overheads (73.7 Mb/s TCP and 81.2Mb/s UDP transmission speeds in 100Mb/s network settings).

scholarly journals Using Long-Range Wireless Sensor Network to Track the Illegal Cutting Log

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6992
Author(s):  
Giva Andriana Mutiara ◽  
Nanna Suryana Herman ◽  
Othman Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Tracking Process ◽  
Hardware Monitoring

Nowadays, the need for wireless sensing applications is increasing. Along with the increased illegal cutting of logs in the forest, however, it requires the integration application to tackle the illegal logging and forest preservation. The wireless sensor network is a suitable network architecture for remotely monitoring or tracking applications in the environment. This paper proposed an integrated system that can identify and track the position of a moving cutting log. An Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi 3 B+, sound sensor, accelerometer sensor, LoRa GPS HAT Shield, and Outdoor LoRa Gateway OLG01 performed the hardware monitoring and tracking of the proposed system. The network of STAR topology configuration between master and slaves is represented by the LoRa Network embedded with the sensors, as an architecture of the wireless sensor network. The system was examined the performance of the network and the tracking process. The result determined that the LoRa can detect and identify the occurrence of the illegal cutting of logs in real-time. Meanwhile, in terms of the tracking performance, a duration of 5–46 s was required to track the new position of the moving cutting log.

scholarly journals USE OF DEEP MACHINE LEARNING METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR DESIGNING ALGORITHMS OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY SIGNAL RECOGNITION IN BIONIC PROSTHESIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
A. A. Yarygin ◽  
B. H. Aytbaev ◽  
A. Yu. Kanyshev ◽  
E. A. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
End User ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Electromyography Signals

For sterling application of scientific and engineered achievements in field of bionic prosthesis it’s required to provide comfortable  and natural human‑prosthesis interface for an end‑user. In this article we are looking into ways and methods of analysis of the  signal collected through electromyography activity of muscles on the skin surface. Such signal is nonstationary and unstable  by  its  nature,  dependent  on  various  factors.  sEMG  based  interface  has  several  unsolved  problem  at  the  moment,  such  as  insufficient accuracy of recognition and noticeable delay caused by signal recognition and processing. Article is dedicated to  application of deep machine learning required to provide decent recognition of electromyography signals. In the course of the  research hardware was developed to register muscle activity. Data collecting system and algorithms of gesture recognition have  been designed as well. In conclusion decent results were achieved by using convolutional neural network, with two‑dimensional input, since data stream has obvious translational orientation. In the future, modification of neural network architecture, learning  algorithms and experiments with structure of data are planned.

Vehicular Metropolitan Area Network Systems Architecture

2010 ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Cheng Hsuan Cho ◽  
Jen-Yi Pan
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network ◽  
Architecture Framework ◽  
Wimax Network

The WiMAX NWG develops a network reference model to serve as an architecture framework for WiMAX deployments and to ensure interoperability among various WiMAX equipment and operators. The network reference model envisions unified network architecture for supporting fixed, nomadic, and mobile deployments and is based on an IP service model. The authors introduce WiMAX network architecture, WiMAX network entry, mobility management, QoS functional elements, core network planning and accounting architecture in this section. However, all of them are significant in deploying WiMAX core network. The operator tries to reach the goals including system performance, reliability, and so on. On the other hand, the WiMAX operator should consider and balance such many variables in order to achieve a better situation.

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