scholarly journals A High Capacity, Room Temperature, Hybrid Flow Battery Consisting of Liquid Na-Cs Anode and Aqueous NaI Catholyte

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Liu ◽  
Leon Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Membrane Interfaces ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
First Time

In this study, we have proposed a novel concept of hybrid flow batteries consisting of a molten Na-Cs anode and an aqueous NaI catholyte separated by a NaSICON membrane. A number of carbonaceous electrodes are studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) for their potentials as the positive electrode of the aqueous NaI catholyte. The charge transfer impedance, interfacial impedance and NaSICON membrane impedance of the Na-Cs ‖ NaI hybrid flow battery are analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performance of the Na-Cs ‖ NaI hybrid flow battery is evaluated through galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of the Na-Cs ‖ NaI hybrid flow battery and shows that the Na-Cs ‖ NaI hybrid flow battery has the potential to achieve the following properties simultaneously: (i) An aqueous NaI catholyte with good cycle stability, (ii) a durable and low impedance NaSICON membrane for a large number of cycles, (iii) stable interfaces at both anode/membrane and cathode/membrane interfaces, (iv) a molten Na-Cs anode capable of repeated Na plating and stripping, and (v) a flow battery with high Coulombic efficiency, high voltaic efficiency, and high energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Monocarborane cluster as a stable fluorine-free calcium battery electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kisu ◽  
Sangryun Kim ◽  
Takara Shinohara ◽  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Andreas Züttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Electrolyte

AbstractHigh-energy-density and low-cost calcium (Ca) batteries have been proposed as ‘beyond-Li-ion’ electrochemical energy storage devices. However, they have seen limited progress due to challenges associated with developing electrolytes showing reductive/oxidative stabilities and high ionic conductivities. This paper describes a calcium monocarborane cluster salt in a mixed solvent as a Ca-battery electrolyte with high anodic stability (up to 4 V vs. Ca2+/Ca), high ionic conductivity (4 mS cm−1), and high Coulombic efficiency for Ca plating/stripping at room temperature. The developed electrolyte is a promising candidate for use in room-temperature rechargeable Ca batteries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of WC-Co Coating on AZ91 Applied by Electro Spark Deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Arvin Taghizadeh Tabrizi ◽  
Maryam Pouzesh ◽  
Farhad Farhang Laleh ◽  
Hossein Aghajani
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Az91 Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Temperature Polarization ◽  
First Time

Abstract In order to enhance the surface properties of a magnesium-based substrate, WC-Co coating was applied on AZ91 alloy by electro spark deposition (ESD), successfully for the first time. The optimum parameters of the ESD process were achieved, based on the corrosion behavior and calculated corrosion rate of the coated samples when 5kHz and 25 A were chosen. For evaluation of the corrosion performance of the achieved WC-Co layers, polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were carried out in the 3.5 wt % Na3PO4 solution at room temperature. Polarization results show that the corrosion rate (mpy) is in the optimum condition almost half of a bulk sample of uncoated AZ91. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of applied coatings. These results show that at a lower current, the amount of deposited WC-Co was reduced. The maximum surface microhardness obtained was 193 HV0.2.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite of Si/C Anode Material Prepared by Hybrid Process of High-Energy Mechanical Milling and Carbonization for Li-Ion Secondary Batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reddyprakash Maddipatla ◽  
Chadrasekhar Loka ◽  
Woo Choi ◽  
Kee-Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Milled Powders

Si/C nanocomposite was successfully prepared by a scalable approach through high-energy mechanical milling and carbonization process. The crystalline structure of the milled powders was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphology of the milled powders was investigated by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The effects of milling time on crystalline size, crystal structure and microstructure, and the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite powders were studied. The nanocomposite showed high reversible capacity of ~1658 mAh/g with an initial cycle coulombic efficiency of ~77.5%. The significant improvement in cyclability and the discharge capacity was mainly ascribed to the silicon particle size reduction and carbon layer formation over silicon for good electronic conductivity. As the prepared nanocomposite Si/C electrode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, it is potentially applied as a high capacity anode material in the lithium-ion secondary batteries.

Silver Nanocrystals at Cavities Created by High Energy Helium Implantation in Bulk Silicon

2007 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid El Bouayadi ◽  
Gabrielle Regula ◽  
Maryse Lancin ◽  
Eduardo Larios ◽  
Bernard Pichaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nickel Silicide ◽  
Bulk Silicon ◽  
Shape Characteristic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Helium Implantation ◽  
Ag Deposition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractHigh resolution transmission electron microscopy observations show for the first time the presence of two orientations of pure silver precipitates in nanocavities induced in bulk silicon by implantation at 1.6 MeV with a dose of 5×1016 He+ cm−2 and a two hour annealing at 1050°C. These precipitates were called A and B to refer to the two well-known nickel silicide (NiSi2) precipitates or Ag films on a {111} silicon surface. Thus, the A precipitate corresponds to a growth of silver nanocrystal on {111} cavity walls in epitaxy with the Si matrix with an orientation relationship Ag(-111)[211]||Si(-111)[211]. The B precipitate develops on a {111} plane parallel to a {111} cavity wall as well, but in a twin orientation with respect to the Si matrix defined by Ag(-111)[211]||Si(-111)[-2-1-1]. The Ag nanocrystals have a size ranging from a few nm to 50 nm. Most of them have the faceted-shape characteristic of “clean” cavities. They are either A precipitates or they contain alternatively A and B bands in good agreement with both the low stacking fault energy of silver and the two types of nanocrystal orientations obtained by Ag deposition on (111) Si substrate at room temperature. Some Ag precipitates were also found at dislocations located at the He+ projection range, but these trapping sites were found thermally unstable as compared to the cavity ones. Indeed, during a second identical annealing, the precipitates grow in cavities whereas they fade at dislocations.

scholarly journals High energy density electrolytes for H2/Br2 redox flow batteries, their polybromide composition and influence on battery cycling limits

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 5218-5229
Author(s):  
Michael Küttinger ◽  
Jakub K. Wlodarczyk ◽  
Daniela Daubner ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Jens Tübke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
First Time

Polybromides formation in aqueous bromine electrolytes and influence on H2/Br2 redox flow battery performance is investigated the first time.

A high-energy-density lithium-oxygen battery based on a reversible four-electron conversion to lithium oxide

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6404) ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xia ◽  
C. Y. Kwok ◽  
L. F. Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Lithium Peroxide ◽  
Lithium Oxygen Battery ◽  
Electron Reduction

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have attracted much attention owing to the high theoretical energy density afforded by the two-electron reduction of O2 to lithium peroxide (Li2O2). We report an inorganic-electrolyte Li-O2 cell that cycles at an elevated temperature via highly reversible four-electron redox to form crystalline lithium oxide (Li2O). It relies on a bifunctional metal oxide host that catalyzes O–O bond cleavage on discharge, yielding a high capacity of 11 milliampere-hours per square centimeter, and O2 evolution on charge with very low overpotential. Online mass spectrometry and chemical quantification confirm that oxidation of Li2O involves transfer of exactly 4 e–/O2. This work shows that Li-O2 electrochemistry is not intrinsically limited once problems of electrolyte, superoxide, and cathode host are overcome and that coulombic efficiency close to 100% can be achieved.

scholarly journals High Energy Density Single Crystal NMC/Li6PS5Cl Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Doerrer ◽  
Isaac Capone ◽  
Sudarshan Narayanan ◽  
Junliang Liu ◽  
Christopher Grovenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Composite Cathodes

<div><div><div><p>To match the high capacity of metallic anodes, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) re- quire high energy density, long-lasting composite cathodes such as Ni-Mn-Co (NMC)- based lithium oxides mixed with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE). However in practice, cathode capacity typically fades due to NMC cracking and increasing NMC/SSE in- terface debonding because of NMC pulverization, which is only partially mitigated by the application of a high cell pressure during cycling. Using smart processing proto- cols we report a single crystal particulate LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 and Li6PS5Cl SSE composite cathode with outstanding discharge capacity of 210 mAh g−1 at 30 °C. A first cycle coulombic efficiency of >85%, and >99% thereafter, was achieved despite a 5.5% volume change during cycling. A near-practical discharge capacity at a high areal capacity of 8.7 mAh cm−2 was obtained using a novel asymmetric anode/cathode cycling pressure of only 2.5 MPa/0.2 MPa.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Epitaxial Growth of Ru and Pt on Pt(111) and Ru(0001), Respectively: A Combined AES and RHEED Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Zei
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Twin Plane ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
First Time

The epitaxial growth of Pt and Ru deposits by spontaneous, as well as by dynamic, electrodeposition onto Ru(0001) and Pt(111), respectively, have been studied by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). For the Pt deposit on Ru(0001), at submonolayer range, it preferably grows compressed commensurate bilayer thick islands on Ru(0001). This is the first time that RHEED observation of the onset of Pt twinning occurs in ca. 2-3 layer thick islands on Ru at room temperature, at which the surface strain due to the 2.5% lattice mismatch of Pt and Ru remains intact. For multilayer thick islands (>6 ML) ordered reflection twins (diameter of 3 nm) develop and are embedded in a (111) matrix with an incoherent (11-2) twin plane normal to Ru(0001) and aligned with their [−110] direction parallel to the [11-20] Ru(0001) substrate direction. For the Ru deposit on Pt(111), at 0.2 ML a strained () monoatomic layer is formed due to the 2.5% lattice mismatch of Ru and Pt. Increasing the coverage up to 0.64, the second Ru layer is found to relieve the strain in the first layer, giving rise to dislocations and Ru relaxes to its bulk lattice constant. Multilayers of Ru (>1 ML) result in (0001) nanocluster formation aligned with its [11-20] direction parallel to the [−110] Pt(111) substrate direction.

scholarly journals Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Operating at Room Temperature Using New Borohydride Argyrodite Electrolytes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4028
Author(s):  
Anh Ha Dao ◽  
Pedro López-Aranguren ◽  
Junxian Zhang ◽  
Fermín Cuevas ◽  
Michel Latroche
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Oxide Cathode

Using a new class of (BH4)− substituted argyrodite Li6PS5Z0.83(BH4)0.17, (Z = Cl, I) solid electrolyte, Li-metal solid-state batteries operating at room temperature have been developed. The cells were made by combining the modified argyrodite with an In-Li anode and two types of cathode: an oxide, LixMO2 (M = ⅓ Ni, ⅓ Mn, ⅓ Co; so called NMC) and a titanium disulfide, TiS2. The performance of the cells was evaluated through galvanostatic cycling and Alternating Current AC electrochemical impedance measurements. Reversible capacities were observed for both cathodes for at least tens of cycles. However, the high-voltage oxide cathode cell shows lower reversible capacity and larger fading upon cycling than the sulfide one. The AC impedance measurements revealed an increasing interfacial resistance at the cathode side for the oxide cathode inducing the capacity fading. This resistance was attributed to the intrinsic poor conductivity of NMC and interfacial reactions between the oxide material and the argyrodite electrolyte. On the contrary, the low interfacial resistance of the TiS2 cell during cycling evidences a better chemical compatibility between this active material and substituted argyrodites, allowing full cycling of the cathode material, 240 mAhg−1, for at least 35 cycles with a coulombic efficiency above 97%.

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