scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Amera Elsayed ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria in Bulk Tank Raw Milk, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-599
Author(s):  
Chanida KUPRADIT ◽  
Sasidhorn INNOK ◽  
Jirayus WORARATPHOKA ◽  
Mariena KETUDAT-CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Bulk Tank

Although there are a number of raw milk collection centers in Nakhon Ratchasima, there is a lack of information with regard to the process of isolation and characterization of foodborne pathogens in raw milk. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from 33 raw milk samples from 9 different raw milk collection centers located in 8 districts in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. This study was conducted from January to March 2016. Results revealed that the contaminations of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the raw milk samples tested. The prevalence of B. cereus, E. coli, and S. aureus in raw milk samples was found to be 9 % (10 - 2.0 ×104 CFU/ml), 42.4 and 54 % (85 - 2.7 ×104 CFU/ml), respectively. The distribution of virulence genes was tested in B. cereus and S. aureus using gene specific primers by polymerase chain reaction. Out of the 29 analyzed coagulase-positive S. aureus isolates, 27 isolates (93 %) were positive for eap gene amplification and 14 isolates (48 %) showed amplicon of eap gene and all 5 enterotoxin genes, including seG, seGV, seI, seIV, and seM genes. All 8 B. cereus isolates tested showed positive PCR result with enterotoxin FM (entFM) gene but they showed negative with hemolysin gene (hblA and hblD genes) amplifications. It was inferred from these findings that bulk tank milk is a potential source of S. aureus and B. cereus in milk.

scholarly journals Non-Thypoid Salmonella Causes Food-borne Diseases Causing:Prevention and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Engki Zelpina ◽  
Susan M Noor
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
And Control

<p class="awabstrak2"><em>Non-typhypoid Salmonella</em> (NTS) is a pathogenic bacteria causing gastroenteritis in humans which is transmitted through animals and contaminated animal products with <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> or <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em>. Many cases of NTS infection in humans have been reported in the world, however most people in Indonesian are generally more familiar with <em>Salmonella typhoid</em>, which is caused by <em>Salmonella typhoid</em> and <em>Salmonella paratypoid</em>. Gastroenteritis due to NTS infection seldom requires antimicrobial treatment. If there is no post-infectious complications such as septicemia, reactive arthritis or aortic aneurysm. Eggs, chicken meat, raw milk and other animal products contaminated with NTS are a source of transmission through food (food-borne pathogens). An estimated 1-3% of pets carry NTS without causing illness. Treatment of NTS in humans can be done by administering antibiotics, but the increase in Salmonella resistance to several types of antibiotics makes it more effective to prevent it through biosecurity applications in farms and prevent contamination of livestock products and their derivatives. This paper provides an overview of NTS, epidemiology, diagnosis and procedures for infection prevention and control in humans and animal reservoirs.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella SPP. Contamination in dairy samples collected in Gia Lam and Ba Vi, Hanoi early 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Minh Huyen Nguyen Thi ◽  
Hoa Tran Thi ◽  
Tuyet Lan Ninh Thi ◽  
Hien Tran Thi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products from dairy farms around Hanoi greatly contribute to the consumed milk quantity in Hanoi. The use of fresh milk or pasteurized milk becomes more and more popular in the daily life of local people. Milk and dairy products were widely sold in numerous stores, particularly in Xuan Mai, Ba Vi, Phu Dong and Gia Lam. However, there have not yet been any studies to assess the pathogenic bacterial contamination of these products. In our study, 49 samples including 23 raw milk samples, 12 pasteurized milk samples, and 14 yogurt samples were collected in order to examine the presence of food&shy;born pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. using PCR method. This fast and accurate method works based on the specific amplification of tested bacterial DNA. The results showed that one of the samples may contain Staphylococcus aureus while another may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. None of the samples was contaminated with Salmonella spp. The results were confirmed by gene sequencing.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella spp. Strains from Three Poultry Processing Plants in Colombia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽  
Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho ◽  
Andrea Varón-García ◽  
Mindy M. Brashears ◽  
Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sequence Types

The poultry industry in Colombia has implemented several changes and measures in chicken processing to improve sanitary operations and control pathogens’ prevalence. However, there is no official in-plant microbial profile reference data currently available throughout the processing value chains. Hence, this research aimed to study the microbial profiles and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in three plants. In total, 300 samples were collected in seven processing sites. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and levels of Enterobacteriaceae were assessed. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the isolated strains genotypically. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in each establishment was 77%, 58% and 80% for plant A, B, and C. The mean levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken rinsates were 5.03, 5.74, and 6.41 log CFU/mL for plant A, B, and C. Significant reductions were identified in the counts of post-chilling rinsate samples; however, increased levels were found in chicken parts. There were six distinct Salmonella spp. clusters with the predominant sequence types ST32 and ST28. The serotypes Infantis (54%) and Paratyphi B (25%) were the most commonly identified within the processing plants with a high abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Strain Exiguobacterium sp. KRL4, a Producer of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from a Tibetan Glacier

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Pietro Tedesco ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Antonio Masino ◽  
Giovanni Andrea Vitale ◽  
Emiliana Tortorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Unique Source

Extremophilic microorganisms represent a unique source of novel natural products. Among them, cold adapted bacteria and particularly alpine microorganisms are still underexplored. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel Gram-positive, aerobic rod-shaped alpine bacterium (KRL4), isolated from sediments from the Karuola glacier in Tibet, China. Complete phenotypic analysis was performed revealing the great adaptability of the strain to a wide range of temperatures (5–40 °C), pHs (5.5–8.5), and salinities (0–15% w/v NaCl). Genome sequencing identified KRL4 as a member of the placeholder genus Exiguobacterium_A and annotation revealed that only half of the protein-encoding genes (1522 of 3079) could be assigned a putative function. An analysis of the secondary metabolite clusters revealed the presence of two uncharacterized phytoene synthase containing pathways and a novel siderophore pathway. Biological assays confirmed that the strain produces molecules with antioxidant and siderophore activities. Furthermore, intracellular extracts showed nematocidal activity towards C. elegans, suggesting that strain KRL4 is a source of anthelmintic compounds.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of escherichia coli in ready-to-eat foods vended in Islamic University, Kushtia

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Biswas ◽  
MAK Parvez ◽  
M Shafiquzzaman ◽  
S Nahar ◽  
MN Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Context: Escherichia coli is shed in the feces of warm blooded animals and humans and thus potential for public health. Detection and characterization of E. coli in the ready-to-eat (RTE) foods concerns due to their presence indicates fecal contamination of the food.   Objective: To identify, characterize and RFLP pattern analysis of E. coli isolated from RTE foods vended in Islamic University campus, Kushtia.   Materials and Methods: Fifty samples from four types of consumed foods in six student halls of residence, some temporary restaurants of Islamic University, Kushtia were assessed for bacterial contamination by standard methods. Identification and characterization of E. coli isolates were performed using IMViC tests. Genomic DNA was used to perform RFLP pattern analysis.   Results: Thirty seven out of 50 (74%) examined samples of RTE foods had E. coli contamination. The highest number of E. coli was isolated from vegetable oriented RTE foods (90.90%) and fish, meat and cereals samples were also significantly E. coli positive. RFLP profiling of two E. coli isolates were observed.   Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that some RTE foods had unsatisfactory levels of contamination with E. coli. Thus street vended RTE food could be important potential vehicles for food-borne diseases. Molecular characterization may be exploited to identify food borne pathogen among different species.  Keywords: Ready-to-eat foods; Escherichia coli; RFLP pattern DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8783 JBS 2010; 18(0): 99-103

scholarly journals The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Razieh VALIASILL ◽  
Majid AZIZI ◽  
Maasome BAHREINI ◽  
Hossein AROUIE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

scholarly journals One health approach of campylobacteriosis in Egypt: An emerging zoonotic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 956-960
Author(s):  
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cattle Meat ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

World Health Organization (WHO) defined zoonotic diseases as diseases transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa with or without vector, where more than 75% of the human’s diseases have been transmitted from animals or their products. Nevertheless, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important food borne zoonotic diseases that is likely to challenge global public health all over the world. In Egypt, campylobacteriosis causes severe losses in comparison with other food borne pathogens like Salmonella or Escherichia coli. The potential sources of Campylobacter transmission are poultry backyards and meat, cattle meat, raw milk and water. The main clinical manifestations of human’s campylobacteriosis are gastroenteritis and later on nervous signs. Prevention and control strategic plans of campylobacteriosis are very crucial.

Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the faeces of a wild blackbuck antelope

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa A. Hanafy ◽  
Noha H. Youssef ◽  
Mostafa S. Elshahed
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Antilope Cervicapra ◽  
Spherical Vesicles ◽  
Sequence Similarities

The anaerobic gut fungi (AGF; phylum Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tracts of herbivores. Multiple novel, yet-uncultured AGF taxa have recently been identified in culture-independent diversity surveys. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of the first representative of the RH5 lineage from faecal samples of a wild blackbuck (Indian Antelope, Antilope cervicapra) from Sutton County, Texas, USA. The isolates displayed medium sized (2–4 mm) compact circular colonies on agar roll tubes and thin loose biofilm-like growth in liquid medium. Microscopic examination revealed monoflagellated zoospores and polycentric thalli with highly branched nucleated filamentous rhizomycelium, a growth pattern encountered in a minority of described AGF genera so far. The obtained isolates are characterized by formation of spherical vesicles at the hyphal tips from which multiple sporangia formed either directly on the spherical vesicles or at the end of sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analysis using the D1/D2 regions of the large ribosomal subunit (D1/D2 LSU) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed sequence similarities of 93.5 and 81.3%, respectively, to the closest cultured relatives (Orpinomyces joyonii strain D3A (D1/D2 LSU) and Joblinomyces apicalis strain GFH681 (ITS1). Substrate utilization experiments using the type strain (BB-3T) demonstrated growth capabilities on a wide range of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, cellulose, xylan, starch and raffinose. We propose accommodating these novel isolates in a new genus and species, for which the name Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

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