scholarly journals Research on the Mechanisms of Plant Enrichment and Detoxification of Cadmium

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Gui-Li Yang ◽  
Meng-Meng Zheng ◽  
Ai-Juan Tan ◽  
Yu-Ting Liu ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd), as one of the major environmentally toxic pollutants, has serious impacts on the growth, development, and physiological functions of plants and animals, leading to deterioration of environmental quality and threats to human health. Research on how plants absorb and transport Cd, as well as its enrichment and detoxification mechanisms, is of great significance to the development of phytoremediation technologies for ecological and environmental management. This article summarises the research progress on the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in plants in recent years, including the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in plants. The role of plant roots, compartmentalisation, chelation, antioxidation, stress, and osmotic adjustment in the process of plant Cd enrichment are discussed. Finally, problems are proposed to provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the further application of phytoremediation technology in the field of heavy metal pollution.

Mini-review: Functions and Action Mechanisms of PQQ in Osteoporosis and Neuro Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wen ◽  
Yuan He ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xiaobin Yang ◽  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Third ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Growth Development

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is the third coenzyme found after niacinamide and flavone nucleotides and is widely present in microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. PQQ can stimulate the growth of organisms and is very important for the growth, development and reproduction of animals. Owing to the inherent properties of PQQ as an antioxidant and redox modulator in various systems. In recent years, the role of PQQ in the field of osteoporosis and neuro injury has become a research hotspot. This article mainly discusses the derivatives, distribution of PQQ, in vitro models of osteoporosis and neuro injury, and the research progress of its mechanism of action. It provides new ideas in the study of osteoporosis and neuro injury.

NOB1: A Potential Biomarker or Target in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089
Author(s):  
Weiwei Ke ◽  
Zaiming Lu ◽  
Xiangxuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Human NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog (NOB1), an RNA binding protein, is expressed ubiquitously in normal tissues such as the lung, liver, and spleen. Its core physiological function is to regulate protease activities and participate in maintaining RNA metabolism and stability. NOB1 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate carcinoma, osteosarcoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and glioma. Although existing data indicate that NOB1 overexpression is associated with cancer growth, invasion, and poor prognosis, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects and its exact roles remain unclear. Several studies have confirmed that NOB1 is clinically relevant in different cancers, and further research at the molecular level will help evaluate the role of NOB1 in tumors. NOB1 has become an attractive target in anticancer therapy because it is overexpressed in many cancers and mediates different stages of tumor development. Elucidating the role of NOB1 in different signaling pathways as a potential cancer treatment will provide new ideas for existing cancer treatment methods. This review summarizes the research progress made into NOB1 in cancer in the past decade; this information provides valuable clues and theoretical guidance for future anticancer therapy by targeting NOB1.

scholarly journals Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in noncentrosymmetric superlattices

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Seung Ham ◽  
Abdul-Muizz Pradipto ◽  
Kay Yakushiji ◽  
Kwangsu Kim ◽  
Sonny H. Rhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Orbit Coupling ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Moriya Interaction

AbstractDzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is considered as one of the most important energies for specific chiral textures such as magnetic skyrmions. The keys of generating DMI are the absence of structural inversion symmetry and exchange energy with spin–orbit coupling. Therefore, a vast majority of research activities about DMI are mainly limited to heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayer systems, only focusing on their interfaces. Here, we report an asymmetric band formation in a superlattices (SL) which arises from inversion symmetry breaking in stacking order of atomic layers, implying the role of bulk-like contribution. Such bulk DMI is more than 300% larger than simple sum of interfacial contribution. Moreover, the asymmetric band is largely affected by strong spin–orbit coupling, showing crucial role of a heavy metal even in the non-interfacial origin of DMI. Our work provides more degrees of freedom to design chiral magnets for spintronics applications.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquaporin Overexpression in the Modulation of Transcription of Heavy Metal Transporters under Cadmium Treatment in Poplar

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Andrea Neri ◽  
Silvia Traversari ◽  
Andrea Andreucci ◽  
Alessandra Francini ◽  
Luca Sebastiani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Tolerance To Cadmium ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Cd Translocation ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Populus alba ‘Villafranca’ clone is well-known for its tolerance to cadmium (Cd). To determine the mechanisms of Cd tolerance of this species, wild-type (wt) plants were compared with transgenic plants over-expressing an aquaporin (aqua1, GenBank GQ918138). Plants were maintained in hydroponic conditions with Hoagland’s solution and treated with 10 µM of Cd, renewed every 5 d. The transcription levels of heavy metal transporter genes (PaHMA2, PaNRAMP1.3, PaNRAMP2, PaNRAMP3.1, PaNRAMP3.2, PaABCC9, and PaABCC13) were analyzed at 1, 7, and 60 d of treatment. Cd application did not induce visible toxicity symptoms in wt and aqua1 plants even after 2 months of treatment confirming the high tolerance of this poplar species to Cd. Most of the analyzed genes showed in wt plants a quick response in transcription at 1 d of treatment and an adaptation at 60 d. On the contrary, a lower transcriptional response was observed in aqua1 plants in concomitance with a higher Cd concentration in medial leaves. Moreover, PaHMA2 showed at 1 d an opposite trend within organs since it was up-regulated in root and stem of wt plants and in leaves of aqua1 plants. In summary, aqua1 overexpression in poplar improved Cd translocation suggesting a lower Cd sensitivity of aqua1 plants. This different response might be due to a different transcription of PaNRAMP3 genes that were more transcribed in wt line because of the importance of this gene in Cd compartmentalization.

Role of GABA in plant growth, development and senescence

Plant Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100283
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal R. Khan ◽  
Syed Uzma Jalil ◽  
Priyanka Chopra ◽  
Himanshu Chhillar ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Development

scholarly journals Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Zhenfang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

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