scholarly journals Olfactory Stimulation Effect of Aldehydes, Nonanal, and Decanal on the Human Electroencephalographic Activity, According to Nostril Variation

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minju Kim ◽  
Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽  
Hae Jin Choi ◽  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Songmun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Human Nose ◽  
Better Than

Fragrances play a pivotal role in humans’ psychological and physiological functions through the olfactory system. Aldehydes are important organic compounds with a variety of fragrance notes. Particularly, nonanal (C9) and decanal (C10) aldehydes are important natural fragrant components used to enhance floral, as well as citrus notes in perfumery products. In general, each nostril of the human nose is tuned to smell certain odor molecules better than others due to slight turbinate swelling between the nostrils. Hence, the objective of the present investigation was aimed to evaluate the influence of binasal and uninasal inhalations of C9 and C10 aldehydes on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Twenty healthy participants (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study. The EEG readings were recorded from 8 electrodes (QEEG-8 system) according to the International 10-20 System. The results revealed that C10 exposure exhibited significantly different EEG changes, during binasal and uninasal inhalations. In different brain regions, C10 odor markedly decreased the absolute alpha and absolute beta power spectra. In regards to C9 odor, significant changes of EEG power spectra were noticed only during binasal inhalation. In addition, C10 mainly produced changes at the left parietal site (P3) than other brain sites. In conclusion, the variations in EEG activities of C9 and C10 aldehydes might be owing to their characteristic fragrance quality, as well as the influence of nostril differences.

scholarly journals EEG Power Spectra Changes and Forebrain Ischemia in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Mariucci ◽  
Maria Antonietta Stasi ◽  
Roberto Taurelli ◽  
Paolo Nardò ◽  
Michela Tantucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Background:Several animal models of cerebral ischemia have been developed to investigate both pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to verify the prognostic value of EEG power spectra analysis in a two-vessel plus hypotension rat model of transient global ischemia.Methods:Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were subjected to 20 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion plus hypotension by sodium nitroprusside followed by reperfusion for seven days. Sham-operated animals served as controls. The changes after ischemia in EEG power spectra, and their relations with neuronal damage and astrocytic response were investigated.Results:The EEG analysis revealed that in SHRs and WKYs, ischemia produced a dramatic increase in delta activity and a decrease in theta, beta and alpha activities derived from both cortical and hippocampal areas. EEG activity reverted to normal values more quickly in WKYs than in SHRs which did not recover cortical and hippocampal alpha and beta activities even at six days of reperfusion. SHRs presented more severe damage and intense astrocytosis than WKYs in almost all the brain regions analyzed. In SHRs, hippocampal delta activity was positively correlated with the degree of neuronal necrosis and astrocytic activation, whereas theta, alpha and beta activities correlated negatively. No correlations were found in WKYs.Conclusions:These data indicate that the hippocampal bioelectrical activity recorded in SHRs from the beginning of reperfusion could be useful for predicting the ischemic outcome and evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions.

Abnormal EEG Power Spectra in Acute Transient Global Amnesia: A Quantitative EEG Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Imperatori ◽  
Benedetto Farina ◽  
Federico Todini ◽  
Chiara Di Blasi ◽  
Edoardo Mazzucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Global Amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by retrograde and anterograde amnesia without other neurological deficits. Although electroencephalography (EEG) methods are commonly used in both clinical and research setting with TGA patients, few studies have investigated neurophysiological pattern in TGA using quantitative EEG (qEEG). The main aim of the present study was to extend these previous findings by exploring EEG power spectra differences between patients with acute TGA and healthy controls using the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). EEG was recorded during 5 minutes of resting state. Sixteen patients (mean age: 66.81 ± 7.94 years) during acute TGA and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients showed hippocampal or parahippocampal signal abnormalities in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed from 2 to 5 days after the onset of TGA. Compared with healthy controls, TGA patients showed a decrease of theta power localized in the temporal lobe (Brodmann areas, BAs 21-22-38) and frontal lobe (BAs 8-9-44-45). A decrease of EEG beta power in the bilateral precuneus (BA 7) and in the bilateral postcentral gyrus (BAs 3-4-5) was also observed in TGA individuals. Taken together, our results could reflect the neurophysiological substrate of the severe impairment of both episodic memory and autobiographical memory which affect TGA patients during the acute phase.

scholarly journals Exploring Neurofeedback Training for BMI Power Augmentation of Upper Limbs: A Pilot Study

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Hongbo Liang ◽  
Shota Maedono ◽  
Yingxin Yu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Naoya Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Training System ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Electroencephalography neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) training can induce changes in the power of targeted EEG bands. The objective of this study is to enhance and evaluate the specific changes of EEG power spectral density that the brain-machine interface (BMI) users can reliably generate for power augmentation through EEG-NFB training. First, we constructed an EEG-NFB training system for power augmentation. Then, three subjects were assigned to three NFB training stages, based on a 6-day consecutive training session as one stage. The subjects received real-time feedback from their EEG signals by a robotic arm while conducting flexion and extension movement with their elbow and shoulder joints, respectively. EEG signals were compared with each NFB training stage. The training results showed that EEG beta (12–40 Hz) power increased after the NFB training for both the elbow and the shoulder joints’ movements. EEG beta power showed sustained improvements during the 3-stage training, which revealed that even the short-term training could improve EEG signals significantly. Moreover, the training effect of the shoulder joints was more obvious than that of the elbow joints. These results suggest that NFB training can improve EEG signals and clarify the specific EEG changes during the movement. Our results may even provide insights into how the neural effects of NFB can be better applied to the BMI power augmentation system and improve the performance of healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Cochlear activity in silent cue-target intervals shows a theta-rhythmic pattern and is correlated to attentional alpha and theta modulations

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herbert Albrecht Köhler ◽  
Gianpaolo Demarchi ◽  
Nathan Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractBackgroundA long-standing debate concerns where in the processing hierarchy of the central nervous system (CNS) selective attention takes effect. In the auditory system, cochlear processes can be influenced via direct and mediated (by the inferior colliculus) projections from the auditory cortex to the superior olivary complex (SOC). Studies illustrating attentional modulations of cochlear responses have so far been limited to sound-evoked responses. The aim of the present study is to investigate intermodal (audiovisual) selective attention in humans simultaneously at the cortical and cochlear level during a stimulus-free cue-target interval.ResultsWe found that cochlear activity in the silent cue-target intervals was modulated by a theta-rhythmic pattern (~ 6 Hz). While this pattern was present independently of attentional focus, cochlear theta activity was clearly enhanced when attending to the upcoming auditory input. On a cortical level, classical posterior alpha and beta power enhancements were found during auditory selective attention. Interestingly, participants with a stronger release of inhibition in auditory brain regions show a stronger attentional modulation of cochlear theta activity.ConclusionsThese results hint at a putative theta-rhythmic sampling of auditory input at the cochlear level. Furthermore, our results point to an interindividual variable engagement of efferent pathways in an attentional context that are linked to processes within and beyond processes in auditory cortical regions.

Modification of EEG functional connectivity and EEG power spectra in overweight and obese patients with food addiction: An eLORETA study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Imperatori ◽  
Mariantonietta Fabbricatore ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Benedetto Farina ◽  
Maria Isabella Quintiliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Eeg Functional Connectivity

Effect of neurotoxin DSP4 on EEG power spectra in the rat acute model of epilepsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 196 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Ćulić ◽  
Jasna Šaponjić ◽  
Bogdan Janković ◽  
Slobodan Udović ◽  
Slaviša Popović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Eeg Power

scholarly journals Age Influences Loss Aversion Through Effects on Posterior Cingulate Cortical Thickness

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe R. Guttman ◽  
Dara G. Ghahremani ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pochon ◽  
Andy C. Dean ◽  
Edythe D. London
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Curvilinear Trajectory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Decision-making strategies shift during normal aging and can profoundly affect wellbeing. Although overweighing losses compared to gains, termed “loss aversion,” plays an important role in choice selection, the age trajectory of this effect and how it may be influenced by associated changes in brain structure remain unclear. We therefore investigated the relationship between age and loss aversion, and tested for its mediation by cortical thinning in brain regions that are susceptible to age-related declines and are implicated in loss aversion — the insular, orbitofrontal, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. Healthy participants (n = 106, 17–54 years) performed the Loss Aversion Task. A subgroup (n = 78) provided structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Loss aversion followed a curvilinear trajectory, declining in young adulthood and increasing in middle-age, and thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex mediated this trajectory. The findings suggest that beyond a threshold in middle adulthood, atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex influences loss aversion.

scholarly journals Global spectral clustering in dynamic networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchen Liu ◽  
David Choi ◽  
Lu Xie ◽  
Kathryn Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Community Detection ◽  
Spectral Clustering ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Dynamic Community Detection ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Better Than

Community detection is challenging when the network structure is estimated with uncertainty. Dynamic networks present additional challenges but also add information across time periods. We propose a global community detection method, persistent communities by eigenvector smoothing (PisCES), that combines information across a series of networks, longitudinally, to strengthen the inference for each period. Our method is derived from evolutionary spectral clustering and degree correction methods. Data-driven solutions to the problem of tuning parameter selection are provided. In simulations we find that PisCES performs better than competing methods designed for a low signal-to-noise ratio. Recently obtained gene expression data from rhesus monkey brains provide samples from finely partitioned brain regions over a broad time span including pre- and postnatal periods. Of interest is how gene communities develop over space and time; however, once the data are divided into homogeneous spatial and temporal periods, sample sizes are very small, making inference quite challenging. Applying PisCES to medial prefrontal cortex in monkey rhesus brains from near conception to adulthood reveals dense communities that persist, merge, and diverge over time and others that are loosely organized and short lived, illustrating how dynamic community detection can yield interesting insights into processes such as brain development.

Association Between the Visual N1-P2 Complex and Neuroticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110399
Author(s):  
Bowen Xiu ◽  
Christopher Andanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Clement C. Zai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Impaired Attention ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
P200 Amplitude

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with impaired attention, memory, and error detection. Thus, the present study investigated the visual N100 and P200 event-related potentials components associated with attention using a 2-back working memory task in healthy neurotic and nonneurotic participants, evaluated using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory. A total of 35 healthy participants were asked to perform the 2-back task while recording electroencephalographic activity from 64 electrodes on the scalp. Analysis of the N100 and P200 amplitude and latency in high neuroticism and low neuroticism subjects showed an increased P200 amplitude and latency for high neuroticism subjects in the frontal and parietal regions, respectively. However, there were no significant performance differences between the high and low neuroticism subjects for the 2-back working memory task. Therefore, the results suggest that neuroticism is associated with the P200 component elicited in the context of a working memory task.

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