scholarly journals Predictors of HbA1c among Adipocytokine Biomarkers in African-American Men with Varied Glucose Tolerance

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Elena Barengolts ◽  
Arfana Akbar ◽  
Brian T. Layden ◽  
Yuval Eisenberg ◽  
Medha Priyadarshini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Group Designation ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pai 1

This study explored adipocytokine associations with acute and chronic hyperglycemia in African-American men (AAM). Fourteen adipocytokines were measured from men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D, drug-naïve MF(−) or using metformin MF(+)). Acute and chronic hyperglycemia were evaluated by 120 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). AAM with T2D (n = 21) compared to NGT (n = 20) were older, had higher BMI and slightly higher glucose and insulin. In the fasted state, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, IL-13, adiponectin, adipsin, and lipocalin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. At 120 min post-glucose load, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, IL-8, PAI-1, adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin, and resistin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. There were no statistical differences for GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1. Regression analysis showed that fasting IL-8, TNF-α, adiponectin, lipocalin, resistin, adipsin, and PAI-1 were associated with HbA1c. After adjusting for age, BMI, glucose tolerance, and metformin use, only adipsin remained significantly associated with HbA1c (p = 0.021). The model including adipsin, TNF-α, age, BMI, and group designation (i.e., NGT, MF(−), MF(+)) explained 86% of HbA1c variability. The data suggested that adipsin could be associated with HbA1c in AAM with varied glucose tolerance.

Predictors of HbA1c among adipocytokine biomarkers in African American men with varied glucose tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Barengolts ◽  
Arfana Akbar ◽  
Brian T Layden ◽  
Yuval Eisenberg ◽  
Medha Priyadarshini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Group Designation ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Minute Post ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background: Adipocytokines are important in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study explored adipocytokine associations with acute and chronic hyperglycemia in African American Men (AAM). Methods: Fourteen adipocytokines were measured (multiplex assay) in blood samples from men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or T2D (drug-naïve MF(-) or using metformin MF(+)). Acute and chronic hyperglycemia were evaluated at 120-minute of OGTT and by HbA1c, respectively. Results: AAM with T2D (N=21) compared to NGT (N=20) were significantly older (59 vs. 54 years) and had higher body mass index (BMI 35 vs. 27 kg/m2) (p<0.01 for both). Fasting and 120-minute OGTT glucose and insulin were higher in T2D than NGT, however, differences did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for age and BMI. In the fasted state, TNF-a, IL-6, PAI-1 (p<0.01 for all) and IL-13, adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin (p<0.05 for all) were lower in T2D compared to NGT. At 120-minute post-glucose load (acute hyperglycemia) TNF-a, IL-6, IL-13, IL-8, PAI-1, adiponectin, adipsin (p<0.01 for all) and lipocalin, resistin (p<0.05 for both) were lower in T2D than in NGT group. There were no statistical differences for the other adipocytokines including GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1. Regression analysis (adjusted for age and BMI) showed that fasting IL-8, TNF-a, adiponectin, lipocalin, resistin, adipsin, and PAI-1 were all associated with HbA1c (p<0.05 for all). Further modeling revealed that after adjusting for age, BMI, glucose tolerance status and metformin use, only adipsin remained significantly associated with HbA1c (p=0.004). The model including adipsin, TNF-a, age, BMI, and group designation (i.e. NGT, MF(-), MF(+)) explained 86% of HbA1c variability. Conclusions: The study suggested that adipsin could be independently associated with HbA1c in AAM with varied glucose tolerance. Additional studies should corroborate these data and provide mechanistic insights for enabling adipsin-related discoveries of novel T2D treatment.

Regulation of glucagon secretion by incretin-like hormone family in the patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E A Shestakova ◽  
A V Ilyin ◽  
A D Deev ◽  
M V Shestakova ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load

The study included 127 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors, who underwent oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose) with pancreatic and incretin hormones estimated in fasting state, at 30 and 120 minutes after glucose load. According to the test results the population was divided into 3 groups: group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), group with high risk of diabetes developing (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG)) and newly-diagnosed T2D. The stimulated glucagon secretion was suppressed in NGT group, whereas in T2D patients there was an increase in glucagon levels at 30 min after the glucose load. Within high risk group the area under curve (AUC) of glucagon secretion was significantly elevated in IFG patients comparing to IGT (0,52 vs 0,07 ng·ml-1·min-1, р=0,0005). AUC of glucagon secretion was positively related only to fasting glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) level (r=0,61, р=0,0001), that suggests glucagonotropic properties for GLP-2. We conclude that glucagon stimulation by GLP-2 may play a role in decreased glucagon suppression in T2D patients and IFG state development.

scholarly journals Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as diagnostic criteria for diabetes: the optimal cut-off points values for the Pakistani population; a study from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001058
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Asher Fawwad ◽  
Khalid Abdul Basit ◽  
Nazish Waris ◽  
Bilal Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Diabetes Survey ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

AimGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off values as diagnostic tool in diabetes and prediabetes with its concordance to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Pakistani population.MethodologyData for this substudy was obtained from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017. With this survey, 10 834 individuals were recruited and after excluding known subjects with diabetes, 6836 participants fulfilled inclusion criteria for this study. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were obtained. OGTT was used as standard diagnostic tool to screen population and HbA1c for optimal cut-off values. Participants were categorized into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD) and prediabetes.ResultsOut of 6836 participants, 4690 (68.6%) had NGT, 1333 (19.5%) had prediabetes and 813 (11.9%) had NDD by OGTT criteria with median (IQR) age of 40 (31–50) years. Optimal HbA1c cut-off point for identification of diabetes and prediabetes was observed as 5.7% ((AUC (95% CI)=0.776 (0.757 to 0.795), p<0.0001)) and 5.1% ((AUC (95% CI)=0.607 (0.590 to 0.624), p<0.0001)), respectively. However, out of 68.6% NGT subjects identified through OGTT, 24.1% and 9.3% participants were found to have prediabetes and NDD, respectively by using HbA1c criteria. By using both OGTT and HbA1c criteria, only 7.9% and 7.3% were observed as prediabetes and diabetes, respectively.ConclusionFindings from second NDSP demonstrated disagreement between findings of OGTT and HbA1c as diagnostic tool for Pakistani population. As compared with international guidelines, HbA1c threshold for prediabetes and NDD were lower in this part of world. HbA1c as diagnostic tool might require ethnic or regional-based modification in cut-off points, validated by relevant community-based epidemiological surveys.

Abstract P337: Association of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Japanese Urban Cohort: The Suita Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Aya Higashiyama ◽  
Yoko M Nakao ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction: Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few prospective studies were reported the association between combinations of these two factors and incident CVD. We assessed the hypothesis that insulin resistance increased the association between glucose intolerance and CVD in Japanese general population. Methods: We studied 4,638 Japanese individuals (mean age 56.1 years, without CVD) who completed a baseline medical examination and a 75g oral glucose tolerance test in the Suita Study. Glucose categories were defined as follows: diabetes mellitus (DM; fasting plasma glucose levels [FPG] ≥126 mg/dL, 2 hours post-loaded glucose levels [2h-PG] ≥ 200 mg/dL, and/or DM medication); impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; FPG <126 mg/dL and 2h-PG =140-199 mg/dL); impaired fasting glucose (IFG; FPG =100-125 mg/dL and 2h-PG <140 mg/dL); and normal glucose tolerance [NGT]. Insulin resistance was the following formula: HOMA-IR = [FPG] x [fasting insulin] / 405. Insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure category, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and drinking at the baseline. Results: During the 11.7-year follow-up, we documented 127 cerebral infarctions, 63 hemorrhagic stroke, 12 unclassified strokes, and 143 coronary heart disease events. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with FPG =100-125 mg/dL and ≥126 mg/dL were 1.38 (1.01-1.89) and 2.00 (1.12-3.58) for stroke and 1.47 (0.99-2.19) and 2.73 (1.43-5.22) for cerebral infarction, respectively, compared with the fasting NGT group. On the basis of the subjects with 2h-PG <140 mg/dL group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with 2h-PG ≥200 mg/dL were 1.71 (1.07-2.72) for stroke and 2.06 (1.20-3.54) for cerebral infarction. Compared to the NGT group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the subjects with IFG, IGT, and DM were 1.59 (1.10-2.30), 1.34 (0.89-2.00), and 1.86 (1.16-3.00) for stroke and 1.82 (1.13-2.90), 1.55 (0.93-2.56), and 2.43 (1.39-4.26) for cerebral infarction, respectively. Compared to the subjects with HOMA-IR <1.5, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD and stroke with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 were 1.45 (1.07-1.96) and 1.61 (1.07-2.42), respectively. Compared to the NGT group without insulin resistance, the IFG and DM groups with insulin resistance were observed the increased risks of stroke (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.05 [1.17-3.57] and 2.11 [1.17-3.83]) and cerebral infarction (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.45 [1.20-5.00] and 3.56 [1.84-6.88]), respectively. Conclusions: Fasting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are predictive factors for the incidence of stroke and cerebral infarction. Insulin resistance increased the risks of incident stroke and cerebral infarction in general inhabitants with IFG and DM.

PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID, PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF NORMAL FASTING AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERCORTICISM

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Harding Asfeldt ◽  
Kai R. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Transient, maximum stimulation with β1–24 corticotrophin has been carried out in nine normal fasting subjects, in two fasting diabetics without hypercorticism and in three fasting diabetics with hypercorticism. Fluorimetric determinations of corticosteroids and determinations of immunological detectable insulin in plasma and blood sugar were made during stimulation. No significant variation in the blood sugar or the plasma insulin during transient, maximum ACTH stimulation was found either in normal fasting subjects or in fasting diabetics with or without hypercorticism. Moreover, in two diabetics with hypercorticism the plasma insulin response was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. After treatment for approximately seven months with glucocorticosteroids, a reduced glucose tolerance and an increased plasma insulin response were found in one of these two patients. Four and a half months after the termination of steroid treatment, normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin responses were observed. In one patient, after several years of hypercorticism, a reduced glucose tolerance and a markedly reduced plasma insulin response were found.

scholarly journals Inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese subjects: associations with glucose abnormalities and changes after oral glucose

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Hofsø ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Helle Hager ◽  
Trond Jenssen ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

ObjectiveTo explore inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese (MO) subjects with various categories of glucose tolerance and to study the changes in these mediators after an oral glucose load.DesignCross-sectional and experimental study.MethodsA total of 144 MO subjects were classified into three categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); pre-diabetes; and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) were included, as were 27 normal weight normoglycemic controls. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFasting levels of leptin and IL-1Ra were consistently higher in obese persons (P<0.001 and P<0.05). MO subjects with NGT had higher CRP levels (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. Yet when compared with MO subjects with NODM, those with NGT had lower CRP levels and higher adiponectin levels (both P<0.05). Baseline OPG and visfatin levels did not differ between the groups (P=0.326 and P=0.198). During OGTT, OPG levels decreased (P<0.001) and visfatin levels increased transiently (P=0.018). The response in OPG and visfatin did not differ between the groups (P=0.690 and P=0.170). There were minor changes in adiponectin and leptin levels.ConclusionsMorbid obesity and glucose intolerance were associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher CRP levels, thus supporting a relationship between obesity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Oral glucose suppressed OPG levels and transiently enhanced visfatin levels independent of obesity and glucose tolerance status, indicating that glucose may be involved in the acute regulation of these proteins.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Alcohol Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guang Yin ◽  
Keizo Ohnaka ◽  
Makiko Morita ◽  
Shinji Tabata ◽  
Osamu Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

This study investigated the association of ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with glucose tolerance status, as determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and effect modification of these polymorphisms on the association between alcohol consumption and glucose intolerance in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces. The study subjects included 1520 men with normal glucose tolerance, 553 with prediabetic condition (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), and 235 men with type 2 diabetes. There was an evident interaction between alcohol consumption and ADH1B polymorphism in relation to type 2 diabetes (interaction P=.03). The ALDH2487Lys allele was associated with a decreased prevalence odds of type 2 diabetes regardless of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the ADH1B polymorphism modified the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes. A positive association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes was confounded by ALDH2 polymorphism.

scholarly journals Association between a biomarker of glucose spikes, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, and cancer mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001607
Author(s):  
Sakurako Kira ◽  
Chikako Ito ◽  
Rumi Fujikawa ◽  
Munechika Misumi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Introduction1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of glucose spikes. To evaluate the effect of acute glucose excursions on cancer death, we clarified the association between 1,5-AG and cancer mortality among Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.Research design and methodsWe measured 1,5-AG in 6783 (2842 men, 3941 women) individuals with normal fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose who received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between 1994 and 2012. They were followed for mortality until August 2013. A systematic review of death certificates was used to confirm the cause of death. We divided the participants into four groups according to the quartile of 1,5-AG level at registration. We used Cox regression to clarify the association between 1,5-AG levels and cancer mortality with multivariate adjustment for possible confounders.ResultsDuring the follow-up period (median, 10.0 years), 140 men and 109 women died of cancer. The HR for cancer mortality of the lowest quartile group was higher than that of the highest quartile group in men (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.60 to 4.41) and in women (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.47). These associations were not attenuated with further adjustment for HbA1c.Conclusions1,5-AG was associated with high risk of cancer mortality in Japanese men after adjustment for HbA1c.

High prevalence of steroid-induced glucose intolerance with normal fasting glycaemia during low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: an oral glucose tolerance test screening study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina M Nowak ◽  
Monika Rdzanek-Pikus ◽  
Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽  
Anna Nowakowska-Płaza ◽  
Lucyna Papierska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Normal Fasting Glucose ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of new-onset glucose metabolism impairment using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with normal fasting glycaemia on long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Methods An OGTT was performed in 150 patients without a previous history of pre-diabetes or diabetes who were diagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and treated with GCs &gt;3 months. All participants underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation for risk factors of diabetes: age, sex, current and cumulative dose of steroids, treatment duration, waist circumference, BMI, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, fasting insulin concentration, family history of diabetes, CRP, 28-joint DAS with CRP, type of connective tissue disease and trunk fat percentage measured by DXA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the OGTT and analysed risk factors. Results A total of 102 patients (68%) had fully normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated IGT and combined impaired fasting glucose + IGT was diagnosed in 3.3, 4.67, 19.33 and 4.67% of patients, respectively; 20% of participants had IGT or diabetes despite normal fasting glucose concentration. The median cumulative dose and current dose (5 mg) of GCs and treatment duration were similar compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only older age (particularly ≥50 years of age) and trunk fat percentage remained significant factors predicting IGT or diabetes in the OGTT. Conclusion New-onset GC-induced glucose intolerance, even in patients on long-term low-dose treatment, is prevalent despite normal fasting glucose concentration and patients should be screened with an OGTT despite the absence of classic risk factors of diabetes.

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