scholarly journals Strengthening Structures in the Petiole–Lamina Junction of Peltate Leaves

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Julian Wunnenberg ◽  
Annabell Rjosk ◽  
Christoph Neinhuis ◽  
Thea Lautenschläger
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geometrical Change ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Compact Shape

Peltate- or umbrella- shaped leaves are characterised by a petiole more or less centrally attached to the lamina on the abaxial side. The transition from the petiole to lamina in peltate leaves resembles a significant and abrupt geometrical change from a beam to a plate in a very compact shape. Since these leaves have not been subject of many studies, the distribution of that specific leaf morphology in the plant kingdom was investigated. Furthermore, the connection between the petiole and lamina of several peltate species was studied anatomically and morphologically, focusing on the reinforcing fibre strands. We found peltate leaves in 357 species representing 25 orders, 40 families and 99 genera. The majority are herbaceous perennials growing in shady, humid to wet habitats mainly distributed in the subtropical–tropical zones. Detailed anatomical investigation of 41 species revealed several distinct principles of how the transition zone between the petiole and lamina is organised. In-depth analysis of these different types accompanied by finite element-modelling could serve as inspiration for supporting structures in lightweight construction.

scholarly journals An IoT Platform for Epilepsy Monitoring and Supervising

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Vergara ◽  
Enrique de la Cal ◽  
José R. Villar ◽  
Víctor M. González ◽  
Javier Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Partial Implementation ◽  
Epilepsy Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Platform

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with several different types of seizures, some of them characterized by involuntary recurrent convulsions, which have a great impact on the everyday life of the patients. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature to detect this type of seizures and to monitor the patient; however, these approaches lack in ergonomic issues and in the suitable integration with the health system. This research makes an in-depth analysis of the main factors that an epileptic detection and monitoring tool should accomplish. Furthermore, we introduce the architecture for a specific epilepsy detection and monitoring platform, fulfilling these factors. Special attention has been given to the part of the system the patient should wear, providing details of this part of the platform. Finally, a partial implementation has been deployed and several tests have been proposed and carried out in order to make some design decisions.

D. 41,2,3,21: Titulierte Besitzarten, Erwerbsgründeund das unum genus possidendi

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 527-559
Author(s):  
Eric H. Pool
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Many

D. 41,2,3,21 turns on the issue of how possessio is to be divided. Understanding its content presupposes making a distinction that was self-evident for the Roman jurist but has never been made by later scholars of Roman law. They do not distinguish the varying ‘causes’ of possession (pro emptore … pro suo) which mark different types of lawful possession, and the ‘causes’ of acquisition (causae adquirendi) which justify obtaining possesion as by an owner. Taking a legally valid sale as an example the distinctive features of (possessio) pro emptore in contrast to emptio are established as well as their relevance for procedural practice. In particular there are no less than six forms of action in the law of inheritance for which these features are relevant. Next, the many negative effects of failing to make this distinction are indicated. There follows an in depth analysis and interpretation of the main phrases in Paul’s text: (i) quod nostrum non est; (ii) causae ad­­quirendi, in particular iustae causae traditionis; (iii) unum genus possidendi; (iv) species infinitae.

Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Ortiz ◽  
Eugenio Pellicer ◽  
Keith R. Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Construction Project Management ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Project Objectives

This research describes the managerial approaches that contractors follow to determine different types of contingencies in construction project management. Two large Spanish general contractors were selected for an in-depth analysis. Interviews and surveys were conducted with six additional companies to explore the external validity of the findings. Managers constrain time and cost buffers through project objectives, applying heuristics to determine inventory buffers. The management of capacity buffers is entrusted to subcontractors. The contractors take advantage of scope and quality buffers to meet project objectives but rarely share these buffers with the owner, unless the owner is an internal client.

scholarly journals Cytological Studies of the Nematocysts of Hydra

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Chapman ◽  
Lewis G. Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Interference Microscope ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Supporting Structures

Entire hydras or tentacles were fixed in OsO4 or in KMnO4 and thereafter washed, dehydrated, and embedded in a methacrylate mixture. Ultrathin sections were cut on an experimental model, thermal expansion type ultramicrotome or on a Porter-Blume microtome. The sections were examined in an RCA electron microscope. Type EMU-2 D. "Squash preparations" for light microscopy, were made from the hydra mouth region and the attached tentacles. These were observed with an AO Baker interference microscope. In the mature organism, three of the four types of nematocysts normally found in hydra could be positively identified with the electron microscope. The desmonemes, the smallest type, have a dense matrix and a thin capsule. The two different types of mature isorhizas could not be distinguished with certainty. They are intermediate in size between the desmonemes and stenoteles and have a capsule with a dense matrix. The cnidocil, or triggering hair, which is composed of a dense core and a fibrillar sheath has nine supporting elements arranged in a semi-circle near its base. Twenty "supporting structures" are arranged around the nematocyst capsule and interconnections between the supporting elements and these latter structures have been observed. Development of the nematocysts involves an increase in density of the matrix. Spines can be seen in the interior of tubular structures within the capsules of the holotrichous isorhizas.

scholarly journals Water-efficient Urban Landscapes: Integrating Different Water Use Categorizations and Plant Types

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Sun ◽  
Kelly Kopp ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Optimum Water

Little research has examined water requirements of entire irrigated urban landscapes integrating different types of plants. Three landscape treatments integrating different types of plants—woody, herbaceous perennial, turf—and putative water use classifications—mesic, mixed, xeric—were grown in large drainage lysimeters. Each landscape plot was divided into woody plant, turf, and perennial hydrozones and irrigated for optimum water status over 2 years and water use measured using a water balance approach. For woody plants and herbaceous perennials, canopy cover rather than plant type or water use classification was the key determinant of water use relative to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) under well-watered conditions. For turf, monthly evapotranspiration (ETa) followed a trend linearly related to ETo. Monthly plant factors (Kp) for woody plants, perennials, and turf species under well-watered conditions in this study ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.5, and 0.5 to 1.2, respectively. Adjusted Kp for each hydrozone was calculated based on landscaped area covered by plant types as a percent of total area, and landscape factor (Kl) was calculated based on adjusted Kp for each landscape treatment. Overall, Kl relative to ETo ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 for three water use classifications.

Research on Methodology of Correlation Analysis of Sci-Tech Literature Based on Deep Learning Technology in the Big Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Hongjiao Xu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vector Space ◽  
Input Word ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Deep Learning Model

In the big data era, it is a great challenge to identify high-level abstract features out of a flood of sci-tech literature to achieve in-depth analysis of data. The deep learning technology has developed rapidly and achieved applications in many fields, but has rarely been utilized in the research of sci-tech literature data. This article introduced the presentation method of vector space of terminologies in sci-tech literature based on the deep learning model. It explored and adopted a deep AE model to reduce the dimensionality of input word vector feature. Also put forward is the methodology of correlation analysis of sci-tech literature based on deep learning technology. The experimental results showed that the processing of sci-tech literature data could be simplified into the computation of vectors in the multi-dimensional vector space, and the similarity in vector space could be used to represent similarity in text semantics. The correlation analysis of subject contents between sci-tech literatures of the same or different types can be made using this method.

A Survey on Different Storage Architectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 791-796
Author(s):  
Rahul Jyoti ◽  
◽  
Saumitra Kulkarni ◽  
Kirti Wanjale ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
File Storage ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Object Storage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Block Storage

This paper surveys different types of data storage architectures used in today’s world to store data of various types and presents an in-depth analysis of the use cases and drawbacks of the various storage architectures in different scenarios. We also examine the limitations of the traditional storage architectures in today’s world and also discuss the modern solutions to these problems. In this survey paper, we have provided a detailed comparison of three different storage architectures namely file storage, block storage, and object storage. This paper provides sufficient information to the reader to be able to choose among these architectures for storing their data as per the use case.

Entrapment and Terrorism on the Left

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Undercover Agent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

Previous literature has analyzed entrapment in post-9/11 jihadi terrorism cases, but has neglected similarly compelling entrapment claims among left-wing terrorism defendants. The Article bridges this gap through an in-depth analysis of the four post-9/11 left-wing terrorism cases involving an informant or undercover agent. Based on a review of these cases, the Article concludes that at least three of the four cases had strong entrapment claims, and that realistically, none of the defendants in the four cases would have committed any terrorist offense without government prompting. A comparative analysis of different types of domestic terrorism finds broad similarities in the characteristics of entrapment claims in jihadi, left-wing, and right-wing terrorism cases. However, jihadi entrapment cases are far more numerous, left-wing and jihadi entrapment claims are considerably stronger and more prevalent than right-wing claims, and left-wing terrorism cases feature certain informant tactics rarely if ever found in other cases. The Article situates the left-wing entrapment claims in the context of wider government attempts to target left-wing activists, and provides an initial analysis of the main factors leading to questionable sting operations in left-wing terrorism cases.

Initial imperfections and the initiation of wrinkling in finite element modelling of deep drawing

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hematian ◽  
P M Wild
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
Annular Plate ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Initial Imperfections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Out Of Plane

The effect of initial imperfections on the initiation of wrinkling in finite element models of deep drawing operations is assessed. Models of an annular plate are subjected to radial in-plane loading and the effects of different types, magnitudes and distributions of imperfections are investigated. A model of a circular plate subjected to out-of-plane loading from a punch and die is similarly investigated and the results are compared with experimental data. It is confirmed that initial imperfections are an essential requirement for the initiation of wrinkling for the case of in-plane loading. Initial imperfections are shown to be unimportant in the initiation of wrinkling for the case of out-of-plane loading.

scholarly journals Simulating and Comparing Different Vertical Greenery Systems Grouped into Categories Using EnergyPlus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Alberto Arenghi ◽  
Camilla Perra ◽  
Marco Caffi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Operative Temperatures

The use of vegetation for the energy efficiency of buildings is an increasingly widespread practice; therefore, the possibility of representing these systems correctly with the use of simulation software is essential. VGS performances have been widely studied, but currently, the lack of a unique simulation method to assess the efficiency of different types of VGS and the absence of studies evaluating the performances of all the systems available, proposing simulation models for each of them, leads to an incomplete energy representation. The aim of this study is to achieve a consistent and complete simulation method, comparing the different systems’ performances. The research is made up of five main steps. Firstly, a classification to group these systems into specific categories was proposed; secondly an in-depth analysis of existing literature was worked out to establish the methods used for different types of VGS. The study of plant physiology allowed the definition of an energy balance, which is valid for all vegetated surfaces; then, each category was associated to a mathematical formula and finally integrated into the EnergyPlus software. The results achieved for each model were compared evaluating two important parameters for the termohygrometric conditions control: outside walls face temperatures and operative temperatures.

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