scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Food Allergy: Nanobiosensor and Food Allergen Detection

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Adriano Aquino ◽  
Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Nanoparticle Detection ◽  
Allergen Detection ◽  
Allergenic Proteins

Several individuals will experience accidental exposure to an allergen. In this sense, the industry has invested in the processes of removing allergenic compounds in food. However, accidental exposure to allergenic proteins can result from allergenic substances not specified on labels. Analysis of allergenic foods is involved in methods based on immunological, genetic, and mass spectrometry. The traditional methods have some limitations, such as high cost. In recent years, biosensor and nanoparticles combined have emerged as sensitive, selective, low-cost, and time-consuming techniques that can replace classic techniques. Nevertheless, each nanomaterial has shown a different potential to specific allergens or classes. This review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and the Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA) to approach these issues. A total of 104 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). The systematic review article is organized by the category of allergen detection and nanoparticle detection. This review addresses the relevant biosensors and nanoparticles as gold, carbon, graphene, quantum dots to allergen protein detection. Among the selected articles it was possible to notice a greater potential application on the allergic proteins Ah, in peanuts and gold nanoparticle-base as a biosensor. We envision that in our review, the association between biosensor and nanoparticles has shown promise in the analysis of allergenic proteins present in different food samples.

scholarly journals Use of Patient Generated Health Data collected from consumer wearable devices in clinical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robab Abdolkhani ◽  
Kathleen Gray ◽  
Ann Borda
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Health Related

BACKGROUND PGHD (Patient Generated Health Data) are health-related data created or recorded by patients to inform their self-care. The availability of low-cost easy-to-use consumer wearable technologies has facilitated patients’ engagement in their self-care and increased production of PGHD but the uptake of this data in clinical environments has been slow. Studies showing opportunities and challenges affecting PGHD adoption and use in clinical care have not investigated these factors in detail during all stages of the PGHD life cycle. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide deeper insight into various issues influencing the use of PGHD at each stage of its life cycle from the perspectives of key stakeholders including patients, healthcare professionals, and the health IT managers. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken on the scholarly and industry literature published from 2012 to 2017. Thematic analysis of content was applied to uncover perspectives of the key PGHD stakeholders on opportunities and challenges related to all life cycle stages of PGHD from consumer wearables. RESULTS Thirty-six papers were identified for detailed analysis. Challenges were discussed more frequently than opportunities. Most studies done in real-world settings were limited to the collection stage of PGHD life cycle that captured through consumer wearables. CONCLUSIONS There are many gaps in knowledge on opportunities and challenges affecting PGHD captured through consumer wearables in each stage of its life cycle. A conceptual framework involving all the stakeholders in overcoming various technical, clinical, cultural, and regulatory challenges affecting PGHD during its life cycle could help to advance the integration with and use of PGHD in clinical care.

Perioperative Intranasal Mupirocin for the Prevention of Surgical-Site Infections: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Kallen ◽  
Chad T. Wilson ◽  
Robin J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intranasal Mupirocin

AbstractObjective:To review the evidence evaluating perioperative intranasal mupirocin for the prevention of surgical-site infections according to type of surgical procedure.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials.Setting:Studies included were either randomized clinical trial or prospective trials at a single institution that measured outcomes both before and after an institution-wide intervention (before-after trial). In all studies, intervention and control groups differed only by the use of perioperative intranasal mupirocin in the intervention group.Patients:Patients undergoing general or nongeneral surgery (eg, cardiothoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery).Main Outcome Measure:Risk of surgical-site infection following perioperative intranasal mupirocin versus usual care.Results:Three randomized and four before-after trials met the inclusion criteria. No reduction in surgical-site infection rate was seen in randomized general surgery trials (summary estimates: 8.4% in the mupirocin group and 8.1% in the control group; relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 0.81 to 1.33). In nongeneral surgery, the use of mupirocin was associated with a reduction in surgical-site infection in randomized trials (summary estimates: 6.0% in the mupirocin group and 7.6% in the control group; RR, 0.80; CI95, 0.58 to 1.10) and in before-after trials (summary estimates: 1.7% in the mupirocin group and 4.1% in the control group; RR, 0.40; CI95, 0.29 to 0.56).Conclusions:Perioperative intranasal mupirocin appears to decrease the incidence of surgical-site infection when used as prophylaxis in nongeneral surgery. Given its low risk and low cost, use of perioperative intranasal mupirocin should be considered in these settings.

scholarly journals Commercial Off-The-Shelves Video Games for Reducing Stress and Anxiety: A PRISMA Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pallavicini ◽  
Alessandro Pepe ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Reducing Stress

BACKGROUND Using commercial off-the-shelves video games rather than custom-made computer games could have several advantages for treating stress and anxiety, thanks to their low-cost, advanced graphics, and the possibility to reach millions of individuals worldwide. However, it is important to emphasize not all commercial video games are equal, and their effects strongly depend on specific characteristics of the game itself, such as its genre. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to describe the literature on the use of commercial off-the-shelves video games for diminishing stress and anxiety. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Databases used in the search were PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Medline. The search string was: [(“Video Game*” OR "Computer Game*")] AND [(“stress”) OR ("anxiety") OR ("relaxation”)] AND ["study" OR ("trial") OR ("treatment")]. RESULTS N=25 studies met inclusion criteria during the period 2006 – 2021. Findings show the benefit of commercial off-the-shelves video games for reducing stress in children, adults, and older adults. The majority of the retrieved studies recruited young adults. Fewer studies have involved children, middle-aged adults, and older adults. In addition to exergames and casual video games, other genres of commercial off-the-shelves games were useful for reducing stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy in reducing stress level and anxiety has been demonstrated not only for exergames and casual video games but also for other genres, such as action games, action-adventure games, and augmented reality games. Various gaming platforms, including consoles, PCs, smartphones, mobile consoles, and virtual reality systems, have been used with positive results. Finally, even single and short sessions of play resulted in being effective in reducing stress and anxiety.

Commentary to “Mapping of Crowdsourcing in Health: Systematic Review” (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Diverse Groups

UNSTRUCTURED Perrine Crequit et al.[1] provided a comprehensive systematic review of crowdsourcing in health. We commend the research team for this important contribution to the literature. However, there are three considerations that were not adequately addressed in the manuscript and merit further consideration. First, despite mentioning the potential of crowdsourcing to lower costs, the systematic review did not collect data about cost or cost-effectiveness of crowdsourced interventions. Given that low cost is frequently cited as a major advantage of crowdsourcing approaches[2], this important variable should be analyzed. Second, although the authors map crowdsourcing applications to health domains, the systematic review did not attempt to pool studies with similar outcomes. Taking the next step of undertaking a meta-analysis (where appropriate) and considering risk of bias and related factors would be useful. Third, the authors do not assess the extent of community engagement associated with crowdsourcing in health. One of the most powerful aspects of the crowdsourcing approach is related to its capacity to allow large and diverse groups of individuals to participate. Several studies have used qualitative[3, 4] and quantitative[5] approaches to describe these engagement outcomes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in adults with chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e031070
Author(s):  
Suvi Härmälä ◽  
Constantinos A Parisinos ◽  
Laura Shallcross ◽  
Alastair O'Brien ◽  
Andrew Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectivesPatients with liver disease frequently require hospitalisation with infection often the trigger. Influenza vaccination is an effective infection prevention strategy in healthy and elderly but is often perceived less beneficial in patients with liver disease. We investigated whether influenza vaccination triggered serological response and prevented hospitalisation and death in liver disease.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and CENTRAL up to January 2019.Eligibility criteriaRandomised or observational studies of the effects of influenza vaccine in adults with liver disease.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and quality of evidence. Primary outcomes were all-cause hospitalisation and mortality. Secondary outcomes were cause-specific hospitalisation and mortality, and serological vaccine response. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effects of vaccination.ResultsWe found 10 041 unique records, 286 were eligible for full-text review and 12 were included. Most patients had viral liver disease. All studies were of very low quality. Liver patients both with and without cirrhosis mounted an antibody response to influenza vaccination, and vaccination was associated with a reduction in risk of hospital admission from 205/1000 to 149/1000 (risk difference −0.06, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.04) in patients with viral liver disease. Vaccinated patients were 27% less likely to be admitted to hospital compared with unvaccinated patients (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80). No effect against all-cause or cause-specific mortality or cause-specific hospitalisation was found.ConclusionsThe low quantity and quality of the evidence means that the protective vaccine effect may be uncertain. Considering the high risk of serious health outcomes from influenza infection in patients with liver disease and the safety and low cost of vaccination, overall, the potential benefits of seasonal vaccination both to patients and the healthcare systems are likely to outweigh the costs and risks associated with vaccination.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017067277.

scholarly journals Adapting Motor Imagery Training Protocols to Surgical Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155335062199048
Author(s):  
Mary S. L. Goble ◽  
Nicholas Raison ◽  
Ayah Mekhaimar ◽  
Prokar Dasgupta ◽  
Kamran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Surgical Education ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improved Outcome ◽  
Training Protocols

Objective. Motor imagery (MI) is widely used to improve technical skills in sports and has been proven to be effective in neurorehabilitation and surgical education. This review aims to identify the key characteristics of MI protocols for implementation into surgical curricula. Design. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched. The primary outcome was the impact of MI training on measured outcomes, and secondary outcomes were study population, MI intervention characteristics, study primary outcome measure and subject rating of MI ability (systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019121895). Results. 456 records were screened, 60 full texts randomising 2251 participants were reviewed and 39 studies were included in meta-analysis. MI was associated with improved outcome in 35/60 studies, and pooled analysis also showed improved outcome on all studies with a standardised mean difference of .39 (95% CI: .12, .67, P = .005). In studies where MI groups showed improved outcomes, the median duration of training was 24 days (mode 42 days), and the median duration of each individual MI session was 30 minutes (range <1 minute-120 minutes). Conclusions. MI training protocols for use in surgical education could have the following characteristics: MI training delivered in parallel to existing surgical training, in a flexible format; inclusion of a brief period of relaxation, followed by several sets of repetitions of MI and a refocusing period. This is a step towards the development of a surgical MI training programme, as a low-cost, low-risk tool to enhance practical skills.

scholarly journals Training with elastic and conventional devices on body composition: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Santos Silva Lopes ◽  
Jales Fagundes da Silva Neto ◽  
Rayana Loch Gomes ◽  
Aline de Castilho Almeida ◽  
Jéssica Kirsch Michelleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Abstract Introduction: Given the practicality and low cost of elastic devices, a comparison with conventional devices may be able to quantify gains from both tools for further conclusions. Objective: Compare the effect of resistance training with elastic (tubes and resistance band) and conventional (weight machines and dumbbells) devices on body composition. Method: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro and CENTRAL databases were searched from the earliest records to July 25, 2018. Data were described in standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Four studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis did not show superiority among the analyzed methods for the variables investigated (SMD = -2.04, 95% CI -7.56, 3.48, p < 0.00001, lean mass: SMD = 0.28, 95% CI -0.29, 0.85, p = 0.97, body fat: SMD = 2.77, 95% CI -0.05, 5.59, p = 0.92, body mass: SMD = 1.22, 95% CI -0.29, 2.74, p = 0.11). Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis showed superiority of outcome from training in conventional devices only for the variable fat mass. For the other variables, no statistically significant differences were found. Elastic resistance can promote similar outcomes to resistance in different population profiles and from various protocols on variables related to body composition.

scholarly journals Levels of detection of hypertension in primary medical care and interventions to improve detection: a systematic review of the evidence since 2000

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Baker ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Keith Nockels ◽  
Shona Agarwal ◽  
Priya Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Primary Medical Care

ObjectivesIn England, many hypertensives are not detected by primary medical care. Higher detection is associated with lower premature mortality. We aimed to summarise recent evidence on detection and interventions to improve detection in order to inform policies to improve care.DesignData sources: systematic review of articles published since 2000. Searches of Medline and Embase were undertaken. Eligibility criteria: published in English, any study design, the setting was general practice and studies included patients aged 18 or over. Exclusion criteria: screening schemes, studies in primary care settings other than general practice, discussion or comment pieces. Participants: adult patients of primary medical care services. Synthesis: study heterogeneity precluded a statistical synthesis, and papers were described in summary tables.ResultsSeventeen quantitative and one qualitative studies were included. Detection rates varied by gender and ethnic group, but longitudinal studies indicated an improvement in detection over time. Patient socioeconomic factors did not influence detection, but living alone was associated with lower detection. Few health system factors were associated with detection, but in two studies higher numbers of general practitioners per 1000 population were associated with higher detection. Three studies investigated interventions to improve detection, but none showed evidence of effectiveness.LimitationsThe search was limited to studies published from 2000, in English. There were few studies of interventions to improve detection, and a meta-analysis was not possible.Conclusions and implicationsLevels of detection of hypertension by general practices may be improving, but large numbers of people with hypertension remain undetected. Improvement in detection is therefore required, but guidance for primary medical care is not provided by the few studies of interventions included in this review. Primary care teams should continue to use low-cost, practical approaches to detecting hypertension until evidence from new studies of interventions to improve detection is available.

scholarly journals The effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycaemic control and insulin resistance in human and animal studies: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Matthews ◽  
Eimear Dolan ◽  
Paul A. Swinton ◽  
Livia Santos ◽  
Guilherme G. Artioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health issue and there is a need to develop low-cost, novel interventions to prevent or reduce disease progression. Growing evidence shows that supplementation with carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of the metabolic dysregulation that occurs in diabetes. There is, however, a need to develop a better understanding of the magnitude of effect and the factors associated with positive outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycaemic control and insulin resistance in humans and animals. Methods We will perform a systematic search for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Studies will be retrieved by searching electronic databases, clinical trial registers, author review, and cross-referencing. Primary outcomes include changes in (i) fasting glucose, (ii) glycated haemoglobin, and (iii) 2-h glucose following a glucose tolerance test. A set of additional outcomes includes other markers of glycaemic control and insulin resistance. Risk of bias (RoB) will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool (human studies) and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool (animal studies). Confidence in the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All meta-analyses will be conducted within a Bayesian framework, providing a flexible modelling approach to account for uncertainty in model parameters and underlying structures within the data. Discussion By including all available human and animal data, we will provide the most comprehensive overview on the topic to date. The results will have implications for those working in prediabetes, diabetes, and metabolic health in general and may lead to the development of new treatment approaches. Dissemination Study results will be presented at a professional conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration CRD42020191588

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