scholarly journals The Decline of Architects: Can a Computer Design Fine Architecture without Human Input?

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Joanna Kołata ◽  
Piotr Zierke
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
High Degree

Architects are required to have knowledge of current legislation, ergonomics, and the latest technical solutions. In addition, the design process necessitates an appreciation of the quality of the space and a high degree of creativity. However, it is a profession that has undergone significant changes in recent years due to the pressure exerted by the development of information technology. The designs generated by computer algorithms are becoming such a serious part of designers’ work that some are beginning to question whether they are more the work of computers than humans. There are also increasing suggestions that software development will eventually lead to a situation where humans in the profession will become redundant. This review article aims to present the currently used, implemented, and planned computer technologies employed in the design and consider how they affect and will affect the work of architects in the future. It includes opinions of a wide range of experts on the possibility of computer algorithms replacing architects. The ultimate goal of the article is an attempt to answer the question: will computers eliminate the human factor in the design of the future? It also considers the artificial intelligence or communication skills that computer algorithms would require to achieve this goal. The answers to these questions will contribute not only to determining the future of architecture but will also indicate the current condition of the profession. They will also help us to understand the technologies that are making computers capable of increasingly replacing human professions. Despite differing opinions on the possibility of computer algorithms replacing architects, the conclusions indicate that, currently, computers do not have capabilities and skills to achieve this goal. The speed of technological development, especially such technologies as artificial superintelligence, artificial brains, or quantum computers allows us to predict that the replacement of the architect by machines will be unrealistic in coming decades.

scholarly journals Analysis Of The Mention Of The Concept “Graphic Competence” In The Preparation Of The Future Bachelor Of Computer Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kateryna Osadcha ◽  
Hanna Chemerys
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Computer Animation ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the value of graphic competence. The basic scientific positions concerning the formation of graphic competence as an important component of the professional formation of specialists in the system of higher education of Ukraine are considered. The analysis of modern approaches, highlighted in domestic sources, concerning the definition of the essence of the concept of "graphic competence" as a component of qualitative training of a specialist has been carried out. The author emphasizes the demand for the formation of graphic culture in the future bachelors of computer sciences, on the basis of which the author's view on the definition of graphic competence as a component of qualitative professional training of competitive future bachelors on computer sciences in the conditions of a pedagogical institution of higher education taking into account modern social processes. The urgency of forming graphic competence is also substantiated by its role in education, development and upbringing, namely, in the development of thinking, cognitive abilities and spatial imagination of future bachelors in computer sciences, the development of practical skills. Due to the fact that the target preparation of the Bachelor of Computer Science is aimed at training highly skilled professionals, then each graduate of this profile must have a wide range of basic knowledge, skills and abilities in computer graphics and design for effective presentation of the developed Software to the end user. In order to develop the graphic competence of future bachelors in computer sciences, their training should be based on the development of basic knowledge of students on systems of computer design and graphics, computer animation and visualization, and work with graphical packages of 3D design. This will ensure conditions for the graduate to adapt to their professional activities and the subsequent successful application of acquired skills. The results of the analysis of the scientific experience of the mentioned authors, we have determined that graphic competence is versatile, and includes not only the features inherent in artistic or creative activity, but also solid knowledge and skills of the technical component, which are rapidly expanding and branching in view of rapid pace of development of computer technology and modernization of graphic tools.

A note on robotics and artificial intelligence in pharmacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankha Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
And Robotics

: Artificial intelligence and robotics are two of the hottest and most recent technologies to emerge from the world of science. There is tremendous potential for these technologies to solve a wide range of pharmaceutical problems, including the reduction of the enormous amounts of money and time invested in the drug discovery and development process, technical solutions related to the quality of drug products, and an increase in the demand for pharmaceuticals. Nanorobotics is a new subfield that has emerged from the field of robotics itself. This technique makes use of robots that are as small as nano- or micron-sized to diagnose diseases and deliver drugs to the targeted organ, tissue, or cell. These techniques, as well as their various applications in the pharmacy sector, are extensively discussed throughout this article. Internationally renowned pharmaceutical companies are collaborating with Artificial Intelligence behemoths in order to revolutionise the discovery and development process of potential drug molecules and to ensure the highest possible quality in their products.

“Disability Grief”: A patient’s allegorical expression of her disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Onset ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Professional Artist

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disabling disease of the central nervous system, and can lead to a wide range of symptoms. Although the most common form of MS is relapsing-remitting, most of the patients also will develop disability in the future due to the natural course of the disease.1,2 The disease onset mostly occurs in 27 years of age.3 Therefore, considering the symptoms and complications of the disease, it can virtually affect the whole life of the patient. Unfortunately, there is not any accurate study of the opinions of patients with MS regarding their illness. However, in the daily work of treatment, one of the well-known cases of severe discomfort expressed by patients is the fear of future disability. This issue is aggravated when a person starts to lose abilities. When the patient experiences disability in walking and a decrease in his/her daily activities, thinking about the future becomes one of his/her major concerns. Most patients express these concerns in their visits. However, a patient who has other abilities such as poetry, writing a story, or painting, can more effectively portray concerns. The painting reported here is the allegorical view of a patient about her disability. The patient is a 37-year-old woman who has had MS for 15 years. Her illness started with the right eye optic neuritis. She has had six attacks during this period and, after 9 years, her disease entered the secondary progressive phase. Her symptom in this stage was the weakness of the right lower extremity, which was gradually deteriorating such as difficulty in walking. Now, she is unable to walk without help. This disability has affected all aspects of her life, and has greatly diminished her quality of life. She has been interested in drawing since childhood, and has drawn as a non-professional artist. One of her paintings reported here (Figure 1), according to the patient herself, reflects her perception and grief over her progressive disability. She believes that she should say goodbye to her ability and good days of the past. She painted herself as someone (when she could walk unrestrictedly) moving away along with a balloon

scholarly journals Observe and be mindful

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Jorge M Mizusaki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ankle And Foot

The members of ABTPé deserve recognition for the effective and prolific work they produce when the goal is scientific, with emphasis on our professional improvement. The concern about technical and scientific development and improvement of the association’s members is clearly highlighted by the high quality of our presentations. In our country of continental dimensions, we see many different approaches that we can apply to patients in a search for the best solutions for individuals affected by ankle and foot conditions. When evaluating our results, the interest and rights of patients should be considered, and therefore, we must keep in mind the need to accurately plan our routine practices. The care for these individuals should include a wide range of services that promote their psychological and social wellbeing and their working conditions. This is how we view a broader perspective that involves questions reflecting on how our actions affect individuals’ lives. This concern should also address the needs regarding our own quality of life. It thus becomes necessary to identify and focus on the factors that are worth the expenditure of our energy and to act mindfully in the pursuit of rewards for our actions. The diversity of our practice has demonstrated that we will be able to keep pace with technological development and apply it in a way that preserves the greater interest of patients. The format of this care will be very important in light of the enormous variety of disorders that affect the feet, as shown by the number of subjects addressed in this edition. Have a great reading. Act ethically, be mindful.   Jorge Mitsuo MizusakiEditor-in-Chief

scholarly journals Impact of basic risks, sanctions and adverse market conditions on the coal industry development in Russia over the period to 2040. Part II: Impact of risks and sanctions on the coal industry, and efficiency of the industry advancement scenarios in the post-crisis period

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Plakitkin ◽  
◽  
L. S. Plakitkina ◽  
K. I. Dyachenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Risk Scenarios ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The external and internal challenges discussed in Part I of this article in Gornyi Zhurnal Issue 10, 2020, which are risk-critical for the coal industry of Russia, became a framework for the assessment of the impact exerted on the industry by sanctions and adverse conjuncture, as well as for the performance evaluation of the industry advancement scenarios. The maximum impact on the coal industry in Russia is exerted by risks connected with the coal market slump in the world. Furthermore, in recent years, coal demand suffers from depression due to some economical and technological development conditions in the world economy. The ecological pressure on the coal industry is also dynamized. Alongside with risks connected with the adverse conjuncture on the international and domestic markets, including risks of the limited market access, the increasingly higher importance is attached to the risks connected with sanctions imposed on the Russian economy. At the present time, the future of the coal industry in Russia is greatly uncertain. The governmental policy documents introduce a wide range of advancement routes for the coal industry with regard to potential risks. To find more accurate output margins in coal production, prediction and assessment of risk impact on the coal industry is required. The calculation of the risk impact on the coal industry using ERI/RAS model Riskugol shows that sanctions have never exerted any influence on the volumes of coal production and export in Russia. However, accretion of sanctions can appreciably reduce potentialities of the future advancement in the coal industry. The coal industry advancement scenarios are developed and used to assess the industry performance over the period to 2040. Despite higher efficiency of risk scenarios, they also feature higher social risks. Innovativity of the risk scenarios, which drastically improves labor efficiency in the industry, results in layoff and reduction of employees. To counterpoise social risks in the industry over the whole prediction period (even with regard to retirement rate), it is required to create 35–40 thousands of new jobs. This study has been partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of R&D Project No. 18-010-00467 Development of Economic Indicators and Production Data for the Coal Industry Development in Russia up to 2035 with the Changing Vector of Global Technological Innovation due to Implementation of Industry 4.0 Program.

scholarly journals Prospects for using boron in metallurgy. Report 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 660-668
Author(s):  
V. I. Zhuchkov ◽  
O. V. Zayakin ◽  
А. A. Akberdin
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Steel Processing ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
High Degree

The second part of the article presents perspective directions of using boron and its compounds in the preparation processes, metallurgical processing of ore materials and steel smelting in order to improve the quality of the final product. An efficient technology of silicothermal production of ferrosilicoboron containing 0.6  –  2.0  %  B and 60  –  80  %  Si has been developed. The advantage of this scheme is the possibility of obtaining a  boron-containing alloy during ferrosilicon smelting. It has been experimentally shown that ferrosilicoboron has higher performance characteristics than ferroboron both in production and when used for steel processing. The results of industrial tests of the technology for microalloying pipe grades of steel with a new ferroalloy with boron confirmed a high degree of boron assimilation – up to 96  %. The possibility of widespread use of boron for steel microalloying is due to its cheapness, availability and environmental friendliness. According to the calculations, boron from complex ferrosilicoboron is the cheapest trace element used to increase the strength characteristics of steel. Additives of B2O3 can be successfully used to form high-magnesium liquid steel-making slags. It is shown that 0.37  –  0.55  %  В2О3 effectively stabilizes the highly basic slags of the steel and ferroalloy industries. This operation allows obtaining a marketable lump material. The above review, results of the laboratory and industrial studies have shown the effectiveness of boron usage at different stages of metallurgical production. An increase in technical and economic indicators of production and quality of steel and ferroalloys, and effective disposal of waste slags is shown. The technical solutions advanced and tested at metallurgical enterprises do not require capital expenditures. They are implemented by adding microdosing of boron and its compounds to metallurgical production facilities. 

A Look at the Private Practice of the Future

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence F. Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Psychosocial Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Care Systems

Powerful trends that have influenced pediatric care in recent decades will sweep us into the new century. By looking at the major forces at work today, we can predict where we will be 10 years from now. As infectious diseases continue to decline, psychosocial disorders will take a larger share of the pediatrician's efforts. Technology will allow more effective management, but it will require strong commitment to ongoing education. More children with chronic conditions and more young adults will fall under the care of pediatricians. Prevention will retain a central role in practice. Maintaining an independent practice will become more difficult, and a wide range of delivery schemes will emerge. Relationships among pediatricians and relationships with other health care providers will be influenced significantly by these systems, which carry potential for both positive and negative impact on the quality of care and on the lifestyles of pediatricians. It is crucial that pediatricians take an active and committed role in shaping the evolution of care systems, thereby making the future what it should be for children.

Reflections on the next generation of hemostasis instrumentation. A glimpse into the future?

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Chiara Bovo ◽  
Emmanuel J. Favaloro
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
The Future ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic ◽  
High Degree

AbstractHemostasis testing is conventionally referred to as performance of in vitro diagnostic tests for screening, diagnosis and therapeutic management of patients with either bleeding or thrombotic disorders. The ongoing revolution of diagnostic testing, squeezed between reduced funding and increasing volumes, carries notable implications in the way laboratory resources are organized and coagulation tests delivered. It is therefore predictable that the newer generation of hemostasis analyzers may be designed to face these emerging needs whilst maintaining a high degree in the quality of testing. In this opinion paper, we aim to discuss some concepts of redesigning coagulation analyzers in consideration of the most important aspects of the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases in hemostasis testing.

scholarly journals Destination management: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Fyall ◽  
Brian Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Destinations are focal points for tourist activity and thus for the study of tourism. They are, however, notoriously difficult to manage due to their complex systems of stakeholders. Such complexity implies that destinations are driven by a wide range of forces in their internal and external environments. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the diversity and depth of the challenges at play in destination management and, in doing so, review the primary contributions in the field. Design/methodology/approach This is a "perspective" paper (i.e. critical literature review). Findings The study of destinations remains an area of active research interest, with the many challenges that arise from within and external to destinations offering much food for thought with respect to their longevity as viable, sustainable and competitive places for tourists to visit. For the future, the need to view destinations as part of a wider system is paramount with them being inescapable from debates on urban planning, economic inequality, transportation and housing and the omnipresence of all things “smart”. Such debates need to incorporate both tourists and resident communities, as the well-being and quality of life of both groups is under threat in many destinations, particularly heritage and culturally rich city destinations around the world, where the term “overtourism” is increasingly heard. Research limitations/implications This study has implications for the integrated and more holistic management of tourist destinations. Practical implications This is a "perspective" paper, so it does not offer individual practical implications for destinations. Moreover, it offers a concise and precise summary of core studies in the field and provides a platform for a more future-looking critical debate on the sustainable management of tourist destinations. Social implications Looking ahead, destinations need to be considered as part of a wider system, one that is inclusive of urban planning, economic inequality, transportation and housing, and “smart” initiatives among others. Most importantly, the views of tourist and resident communities need to be considered and incorporated into future planning at the destination level with wellbeing and quality of life indicators being used to identify the real benefits of tourism to both communities. Originality/value Integrated and holistic forms of destination management is the way forward, with the exponential growth of technology, as well as the need to manage the exchange of knowledge and data at the destination level, critical to the sustainability of the competitive destination long into the future.

scholarly journals Models of work in collaborative economy and legislative challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 05026
Author(s):  
Silvia Treľová
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Induction Method ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree

Research background: Globalization, the development of technology, demographic change are phenomena that radically change the nature of work. The advent of modern information technologies represents a worldwide transition to the information society, and the ubiquitous technological development brings ever newer forms of working. The development of a sharing (collaborative) economy is global in nature. A wide range of models for carrying out work with the help of digital collaborative platforms is created and a natural person in the position of a service provider performs activities with a high degree of independence and flexibility. There are several collaborative platforms but not all of them show the characteristics of a pure sharing economy, and there are considerations as to whether, in some cases, there is no concealment of employment relationships. Purpose of the article: The author points out various models of collaborative economics, compares them and assesses the nature of the work performed. Based on the findings, the author concludes whether the person performs work in a commercial relationship or whether this work can be perceived as dependent work in terms of labour law. Methods: Models of collaborative economics need to be analyzed and compared. The induction method is used in the examination of individual court decisions. The conclusion is a summary of the acquired knowledge. Findings & Value added: The issue is highly topical due to the ambiguity of the nature of work relationships. In practice, this is evidenced by several lawsuits. The article will contain proposals de lege ferenda.

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