scholarly journals Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Fedel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
New Generation

Carbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering. Since most of these applications encompass blood contact or intravenous injection, hemocompatibility is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered to take advantage of CN exceptional characteristics while allowing their safe use. This review discusses the hemocompatibility of different classes of CNs with the purpose of providing biomaterial scientists with a comprehensive vision of the interactions between CNs and blood components. The various complex mechanisms involved in blood compatibility, including coagulation, hemolysis, as well as the activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes will be considered. Special attention will be paid to the role of CN size, structure, and surface properties in the formation of the protein corona and in the processes that drive blood response. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of hemocompatibility for CNs intended for biomedical applications and to provide some valuable insights for the development of new generation particles with improved performance and safety in the physiological environment.

Carbon Nanospheres for Biomedical Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Styres ◽  
Inessa Stanishevskaya ◽  
Tahseen Nasti ◽  
Nabiha Yusuf ◽  
Maaike Everts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Carbon Nanospheres ◽  
Seed Particles ◽  
Carbon Core

ABSTRACTCarbon nanostructures, e.g., nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon blacks, etc., are being extensively explored for numerous biomedical applications. The most of such studies, however, deal with carbon nanotubes, and comparatively less is known on the biomedical potential of other nanosize carbon particles. In the present work, carbon and metal/carbon core/shell spherical nanoparticles have been prepared using the decomposition of monosaccharide-based compositions under hydrothermal conditions with or without the presence of metal seed particles. The effects of different process conditions on the particle size, structure, and composition have been examined using TEM, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The nearly perfect spherical particles with the dimensions in the range of 20 – 100 nm have been obtained depending on the process parameters such as precursor concentration, presence of seed particles and polymeric additives, process temperature and time. The particles prepared with 5 – 20 nm gold seeds clearly showed the core/shell structure with the thickness of carbon shell in the range of 10 – 50 nm. The FTIR experiments have indicated a strong effect of the processing conditions on the chemical activity of nanoparticle surfaces in the attachment of the additional surface functional groups and organic molecules. It has been found that the both hydrothermally prepared carbon and metal/carbon core/shell nanoparticles possess very good dispersibility and stability in the both water and simulated body fluids in the most of experiments. The particles have been successfully functionalized with several molecules such as polyethyleneglucol and biotin. Selected samples of well-dispersed carbon nanospheres with different concentrations have been tested for their interaction with several cultured cell lines including epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and dog macrophages.

The role of morphology, shell composition and protein corona formation in Au/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticle mediated macrophage responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua He ◽  
Kang Ma ◽  
Xiaonan Liu ◽  
Huixia Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
System P ◽  
Corona Formation ◽  
Composite Nanoparticle ◽  
Shell Composition

The great interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications is transversal to various materials despite the poorly understood correlation between their physicochemical properties and effects on the immune system....

Examining the Role of Language in Play Among Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Short ◽  
Rachael Cooper Schindler ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Maia M. Noeder ◽  
Laura E. Hlavaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Better Than

Purpose Play is a critical aspect of children's development, and researchers have long argued that symbolic deficits in play may be diagnostic of developmental disabilities. This study examined whether deficits in play emerge as a function of developmental disabilities and whether our perceptions of play are colored by differences in language and behavioral presentations. Method Ninety-three children participated in this study (typically developing [TD]; n = 23, developmental language disorders [DLD]; n = 24, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; n = 26, and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]; n = 20). Children were videotaped engaging in free-play. Children's symbolic play (imagination, organization, elaboration, and comfort) was scored under conditions of both audible language and no audible language to assess diagnostic group differences in play and whether audible language impacted raters' perception of play. Results Significant differences in play were evident across diagnostic groups. The presence of language did not alter play ratings for the TD group, but differences were found among the other diagnostic groups. When language was audible, children with DLD and ASD (but not ADHD) were scored poorly on play compared to their TD peers. When language was not audible, children with DLD were perceived to play better than when language was audible. Conversely, children with ADHD showed organizational deficits when language was not available to support their play. Finally, children with ASD demonstrated poor play performance regardless of whether language was audible or not. Conclusions Language affects our understanding of play skills in some young children. Parents, researchers, and clinicians must be careful not to underestimate or overestimate play based on language presentation. Differential skills in language have the potential to unduly influence our perceptions of play for children with developmental disabilities.

An Analysis of Professional Competence Indicator Possession among U.S. Accounting Faculty

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Smith ◽  
David J. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Cpa Exam ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT Recently there has been much discourse regarding the existence, extent, causes, and consequences of a purported divide between accounting practice and academia. The crux of this issue relates to the charge that many new-generation faculty have a primary focus on academic research, but lack significant practical experience or certification, and the related claim that students may lack the requisite skills upon graduation. This study addresses these concerns by examining the incidence and trend in the possession of practice credentials, experience, and other activities among accounting faculty who graduated between 1994 and 2013. We evaluate how differences in institutional focus, possession of a practice credential, and proportion of credentialed faculty manifest in research propensities, current business experience, and student performance on the CPA exam. We identify a downward trend in practice credential possession that is more pronounced at research-oriented institutions. We further find significant differences in experience and publication activity across levels of both institutional focus and possession of a practice credential. We also find that students from research-oriented universities, schools with separate AACSB accounting accreditation, and those with a higher percentage credentialed faculty perform better on the CPA exam. Other results and the role of adjunct faculty in bridging this alleged divide are also examined.

scholarly journals A Proteomic Study on the Personalized Protein Corona of Liposomes. Relevance for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic DUCTAL Adenocarcinoma and Biomarker Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Luca Digiacomo ◽  
Francesca Giulimondi ◽  
Daniela Pozzi ◽  
Alessandro Coppola ◽  
Vincenzo La Vaccara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Ca 19.9 ◽  
Proteomic Study

Due to late diagnosis, high incidence of metastasis, and poor survival rate, pancreatic cancer is one of the most leading cause of cancer-related death. Although manifold recent efforts have been done to achieve an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, CA-19.9 is currently the unique biomarker that is adopted for the detection, despite its limits in terms of sensitivity and specificity. To identify potential protein biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we used three model liposomes as nanoplatforms that accumulate proteins from human plasma and studied the composition of this biomolecular layer, which is known as protein corona. Indeed, plasma proteins adsorb on nanoparticle surface according to their abundance and affinity to the employed nanomaterial, thus even small differences between healthy and PDAC protein expression levels can be, in principle, detected. By mass spectrometry experiments, we quantified such differences and identified possible biomarkers for PDAC. Some of them are already known to exhibit different expressions in PDAC proteomes, whereas the role of other relevant proteins is still not clear. Therefore, we predict that the employment of nanomaterials and their protein corona may represent a useful tool to amplify the detection sensitivity of cancer biomarkers, which may be used for the early diagnosis of PDAC, with clinical implication for the subsequent therapy in the context of personalized medicine.

Can systems integration lead to improved performance? The role of strategic alliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
José-Mauricio Galli Geleilate ◽  
Ronaldo C. Parente ◽  
M. Berk Talay
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Systems Integration ◽  
Improved Performance

scholarly journals Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Electroactive and Conductive Materials for Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4499
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Samuel Ricci ◽  
Sebastian Naranjo ◽  
Zachary Hill ◽  
Peter Gawason
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Material Sciences ◽  
Novel Drug

Electrically responsive biomaterials are an important and emerging technology in the fields of biomedical and material sciences. A great deal of research explores the integral role of electrical conduction in normal and diseased cell biology, and material scientists are focusing an even greater amount of attention on natural and hybrid materials as sources of biomaterials which can mimic the properties of cells. This review establishes a summary of those efforts for the latter group, detailing the current materials, theories, methods, and applications of electrically conductive biomaterials fabricated from protein polymers and polysaccharides. These materials can be used to improve human life through novel drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biosensing technologies. The immediate goal of this review is to establish fabrication methods for protein and polysaccharide-based materials that are biocompatible and feature modular electrical properties. Ideally, these materials will be inexpensive to make with salable production strategies, in addition to being both renewable and biocompatible.

scholarly journals Effect of tungsten disulfide nanotubes on crystallization of polylactide under uniaxial deformation and annealing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausta Loffredo ◽  
Loredana Tammaro ◽  
Tiziana Di Luccio ◽  
Carmela Borriello ◽  
Fulvia Villani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Tungsten Disulfide ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering

AbstractTungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes (NTs) are examined here as a filler for polylactide (PLA) for their ability to accelerate PLA crystallization and for their promising biocompatibility in relevant to biomedical applications of PLA-WS2 nanocomposites. In this work, we have studied the structural and thermal properties of PLA-WS2 nanocomposite films varying the concentration of WS2 NTs from 0 (neat PLA) to 0.6 wt%. The films were uniaxially drawn at 90 °C and annealed at the same temperature for 3 and 10 min. Using wide angle x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we probed the effects of WS2 NT addition on the structure of the PLA films at various stages of processing (unstretched, stretching, annealing). We found that 0.6 wt% of WS2 induces the same level of crystallinity in as stretched PLA-WS2 as annealing in neat PLA for 10 min. These data provide useful insights into the role of WS2 NTs on the structural evolution of PLA-WS2 composites under uniaxial deformation, and extend their applicability to situations where fine tuning of PLA crystallinity is desirable.

scholarly journals Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán ◽  
Irati Hervás-Corpión ◽  
Ricardo Gómez-Oliva ◽  
Samuel Domínguez-García ◽  
Félix A. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Pkc Isozymes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Effective Drugs

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKCβ inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes.

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