scholarly journals Obatoclax and Paclitaxel Synergistically Induce Apoptosis and Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance in Urothelial Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Jiménez-Guerrero ◽  
Jessica Gasca ◽  
M. Flores ◽  
Begoña Pérez-Valderrama ◽  
Cristina Tejera-Parrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Paclitaxel Resistance ◽  
Mitotic Slippage ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

Paclitaxel is a treatment option for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer after the failure of first-line cisplatin and gemcitabine, although resistance limits its clinical benefits. Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that promotes resistance to paclitaxel in different tumors. Obatoclax, a BH3 mimetic of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, antagonizes Mcl-1 and hence may reverse paclitaxel resistance in Mcl-1-overexpressing tumors. In this study, paclitaxel-sensitive 5637 and -resistant HT1197 bladder cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel, obatoclax, or combinations of both. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy were measured by Western blot, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, Mcl-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in bladder carcinoma tissues. Our results confirmed that paclitaxel alone induced Mcl-1 downregulation and apoptosis in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells; however, combinations of obatoclax and paclitaxel sensitized HT1197 cells to the treatment. In obatoclax-treated 5637 and obatoclax + paclitaxel-treated HT1197 cells, the blockade of the autophagic flux correlated with apoptosis and was associated with caspase-dependent cleavage of beclin-1. Obatoclax alone delayed the cell cycle in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells, whereas combinations of both retarded the cell cycle and reduced mitotic slippage. In conclusion, obatoclax sensitizes HT1197 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis through the blockade of the autophagic flux and effects on the cell cycle. Furthermore, Mcl-1 is overexpressed in many invasive bladder carcinomas, and it is related to tumor progression, so Mcl-1 expression may be of predictive value in bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Betulinic Acid Restricts Human Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro by Inducing Caspase-Dependent Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest, and Decreasing Metastatic Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
So Young Kim ◽  
Hyun Hwangbo ◽  
Min Yeong Kim ◽  
Seon Yeong Ji ◽  
Da Hye Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Bladder Cancer ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid and generally found in the bark of birch trees (Betula sp.). Although several studies have been reported that BA has diverse biological activities, including anti-tumor effects, the underlying anti-cancer mechanism in bladder cancer cells is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of BA in human bladder cancer cell lines T-24, UMUC-3, and 5637, and identify the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that BA induced cell death in bladder cancer cells and that are accompanied by apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, BA decreased the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2, cell division cycle (Cdc) 2, and Cdc25c. In addition, BA-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that is caused by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which led to the activation of mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway. BA up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2-accociated X protein (Bax) and cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and subsequently activated caspase-3, -8, and -9. However, pre-treatment of pan-caspase inhibitor markedly suppressed BA-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, BA did not affect the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating BA-mediated apoptosis was ROS-independent. Furthermore, we found that BA suppressed the wound healing and invasion ability, and decreased the expression of Snail and Slug in T24 and 5637 cells, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in UMUC-3 cells. Taken together, this is the first study showing that BA suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells, which is due to induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, and decrease of migration and invasion. Furthermore, BA-induced apoptosis is regulated by caspase-dependent and ROS-independent pathways, and these results provide the underlying anti-proliferative molecular mechanism of BA in human bladder cancer cells.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Contributes to Paclitaxel Resistance in Bladder Cancer Cells with Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Rocío Jiménez-Guerrero ◽  
Alejandro Belmonte-Fernández ◽  
M. Luz Flores ◽  
Mónica González-Moreno ◽  
Begoña Pérez-Valderrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Paclitaxel Resistance ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance and seems to be essential for the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC) in several tumor types. However, the interplay of these factors has not been fully addressed in bladder cancer. Here, our goal was to analyze the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in paclitaxel resistance and to study the therapeutic efficacy of its inhibition in bladder cancer cells, as well as to determine its influence in the maintenance of the CSC-like phenotype in bladder cancer. Our results show that paclitaxel-resistant HT1197 cells have hyperactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased CSC-like properties compared with paclitaxel-sensitive 5637 cells. Paclitaxel sensitivity diminishes in 5637 cells after β-catenin overexpression or when they are grown as tumorspheres, enriched for the CSC-like phenotype. Additionally, downregulation of β-catenin or inhibition with XAV939 sensitizes HT1197 cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, a subset of muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas shows aberrant expression of β-catenin that associates with positive expression of the CSC marker ALDH1A1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to paclitaxel resistance in bladder cancer cells with CSC-like properties.

OSI-027 alleviates oxaliplatin chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by suppressing P-gp induction

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Xu ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Ji Miao ◽  
Shangce Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. In the present study, we investigated the potential activity of OSI-027, a potent and selective mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTOR1/2) dual inhibitor, alone or in combination with oxaliplatin against gastric cancer cells in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 assays and EdU staining were performed to examine the proliferation of cancer cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the elements of the mTOR pathway and Pgp in gastric cancer cell lines. OSI-027 inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and AGS cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. At the molecular level, OSI-027 simultaneously blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, and resulted in the downregulation of phosphor-Akt, phpspho-p70S6k, phosphor-4EBP1, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase4 (CDK4). Additionally, OSI-027 also downregulated P-gp, which enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis and suppressed multidrug resistance. Moreover, OSI-027 exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects with oxaliplatin in vitro, while a P-gp siRNA knockdown significantly inhibited the synergistic effect. In summary, our results suggest that dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors (e.g., OSI-027) should be further investigated as a potential valuable treatment for gastric cancer.

Elucidation of the Chemopreventive Role of Stigmasterol Against Jab1 in Gall Bladder Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Pandey ◽  
Preeti Bajpai ◽  
Mohammad H. Siddiqui ◽  
Uzma Sayyed ◽  
Rohit Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Gall Bladder Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Hoechst Staining

Background:Plant sterols have proven a potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing agent against several carcinomas including breast and prostate cancers. Jab1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of numerous carcinomas. However, antiproliferative effects of sterols against Jab1 in gall bladder cancer have not been explored yet.Objective:In the current study, we elucidated the mechanism of action of stigmasterol regarding apoptosis induction mediated via downregulation of Jab1 protein in human gall bladder cancer cells.Methods:In our study, we performed MTT and Trypan blue assay to assess the effect of stigmasterol on cell proliferation. In addition, RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to identify the effect of stigmasterol on Jab1 and p27 expression in human gall bladder cancer cells. We further performed cell cycle, Caspase-3, Hoechst and FITC-Annexin V analysis, to confirm the apoptosis induction in stigmasterol treated human gall bladder cancer cells.Results:Our results clearly indicated that stigmasterol has up-regulated the p27 expression and down-regulated Jab1 gene. These modulations of genes might occur via mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. Caspase-3 gets activated with the apoptotic induction. Increase in apoptotic cells and DNA were confirmed through annexin V staining, Hoechst staining, and cell cycle analysis.Conclusion:Thus, these results strongly suggest that stigmasterol has the potential to be considered as an anticancerous therapeutic agent against Jab1 in gall bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Drug Enhanced Trail Receptor-2 Expression and Sensitized Lung Cancer Cells to Trail-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibition of Autophagic Flux

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M.A. Zinnah ◽  
Jae-Won Seol ◽  
Sang-Youel Park
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Trail Receptor ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Autophagy Inhibition

Autophagy, an alternative cell death mechanism, is also termed programmed cell death type II. Autophagy in cancer treatment needs to be regulated. In our study, autophagy inhibition by desipramine or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-2 [death receptor (DR5)] expression and subsequently TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant A549 lung cancer cells. Genetic inhibition of DR5 substantially reduced desipramine-enhanced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, proving that DR5 was required to increase TRAIL sensitivity in TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Desipramine treatment upregulated p62 expression and promoted conversion of light chain 3 (LC3)-I to its lipid-conjugated form, LC3-II, indicating that autophagy inhibition occurred at the final stages of autophagic flux. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of condensed autophagosomes, which resulted from the late stages of autophagy inhibition by desipramine. TRAIL, in combination with desipramine or CQ, augmented the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3. Our results contributed to the understanding of the mechanism underlying the synergistic anti-cancer effect of desipramine and TRAIL and presented a novel mechanism of DR5 upregulation. These findings demonstrated that autophagic flux inhibition by desipramine potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis, suggesting that appropriate regulation of autophagy is required for sensitizing TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.

scholarly journals Role of the circadian clock "Death-Loop" in the DNA damage response underpinning cancer treatment resistance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninel Miriam Vainshelbaum ◽  
Kristine Salmina ◽  
Bogdan I Gerashchenko ◽  
Marija Lazovska ◽  
Pawel Zayakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Mitotic Slippage ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Telomere Regulation

The Circadian Clock (CC) drives the normal cell cycle and reciprocally regulates telomere elongation. However, it can be deregulated in cancer, embryonic stem cells (ESC) and the early embryo. Here, its role in the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic treatments was assessed in relation to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and telomere regulation. We first evaluated the DNA damage response of polyploid cancer cells and observed a similar impact on the cell cycle to that seen in ESC - overcoming G1/S, adapting DNA damage checkpoints, tolerating DNA damage, and coupling telomere erosion to accelerated cell senescence, favouring transition by mitotic slippage into the ploidy cycle (reversible polyploidy). Next, we revealed a positive correlation between cancer WGD and deregulation of CC assessed by bioinformatics on 11 primary cancer datasets (rho=0.83; p<0.01). As previously shown, the cancer cells undergoing mitotic slippage cast off telomere fragments with TERT, restore the telomeres by recombination and return their depolyploidised mitotic offspring to TERT-dependent telomere regulation. Through depolyploidisation and the CC "death loop", the telomeres and Hayflick limit count are thus again renewed. This mechanism along with similar inactivity of the CC in early embryos supports a life-cycle (embryonic) concept of cancer.

scholarly journals PGV-0 AND PGV-1 INCREASED APOPTOSIS INDUCTION OF DOXORUBICIN ON MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELLS

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Edy Meiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Cell Cycle Modulation ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Mcf 7

As chemotherapeutic backbone for breast cancer therapy, doxorubicin showed various side effects and induced resistancy of breast cancer cells. Development of targeted therapy on breast cancer focused on combinatorial therapy of doxorubicin and molecular targeted agents. PGV-0 and PGV-1, a curcumin analogue showed potency as co-chemotherapeutic agent with doxorubicin. Our previous study of PGV-0 and PGV-1 showed cytotoxic activity in T47D cells. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the synergistic effect of PGV-0, PGV-1 on the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin through cell cycle modulation and apoptotic induction on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic assay of PGV-0, PGV-1, doxorubicin, and their combination were carried out by using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined by flowcytometer FACS-Calibur and the flowcytometry data was analyzed using Cell Quest program. Single treatment of PGV-0, PGV-1 and doxorubicin showed cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 with cell viability IC50 value 50 µM, 6 µM and 350 nM respectively. Single treatment of Doxorubicin 175 nM induced G2/M arrest. Single treatment of PGV-0 5 µM induced G2/M arrest while in higher dose 12.5  µM, PGV-0 induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 5 µM induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 12.5 µM also increased apoptosis induction. Single treatment of PGV-1 0.6 µM induced G1 arrest while in higher dose 1.5  µM, PGV-1 induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-1 0.6 µM induced apoptosis. Combination of doxorubicin 175 nM and PGV-0 1.5 µM also increased apoptosis induction. PGV-0 and PGV-1 are potential to be delevoped as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle modulation, but the molecular mechanism need to be explored detail.  Key words: PGV-0, PGV-1, doxorubicin, co-chemotherapy, breast cancer, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis

scholarly journals Olive Mill Wastewater Inhibits Growth and Proliferation of Cisplatin- and Gemcitabine-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro by Down-Regulating the Akt/mTOR-Signaling Pathway

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Jochen Rutz ◽  
Sebastian Maxeiner ◽  
Eva Juengel ◽  
Felix K.-H. Chun ◽  
Igor Tsaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Olive Mill

Bladder cancer patients whose tumors develop resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy often turn to natural, plant-derived products. Beneficial effects have been particularly ascribed to polyphenols, although their therapeutic relevance when resistance has developed is not clear. The present study evaluated the anti-tumor potential of polyphenol-rich olive mill wastewater (OMWW) on chemo-sensitive and cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant T24, RT112, and TCCSUP bladder cancer cells in vitro. The cells were treated with different dilutions of OMWW, and tumor growth and clone formation were evaluated. Possible mechanisms of action were investigated by evaluating cell cycle phases and cell cycle-regulating proteins. OMWW profoundly inhibited the growth and proliferation of chemo-sensitive as well as gemcitabine- and cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. Depending on the cell line and on gemcitabine- or cisplatin-resistance, OMWW induced cell cycle arrest at different phases. These differing phase arrests were accompanied by differing alterations in the CDK-cyclin axis. Considerable suppression of the Akt-mTOR pathway by OMWW was observed in all three cell lines. Since OMWW blocks the cell cycle through the manipulation of the cyclin-CDK axis and the deactivation of Akt-mTOR signaling, OMWW could become relevant in supporting bladder cancer therapy.

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