scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3990
Author(s):  
Brennan Olson ◽  
Parham Diba ◽  
Tetiana Korzun ◽  
Daniel L. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Dysfunction ◽  
Neural Dysfunction

Nearly half of cancer patients suffer from cachexia, a metabolic syndrome characterized by progressive atrophy of fat and lean body mass. This state of excess catabolism decreases quality of life, ability to tolerate treatment and eventual survival, yet no effective therapies exist. Although the central nervous system (CNS) orchestrates several manifestations of cachexia, the precise mechanisms of neural dysfunction during cachexia are still being unveiled. Herein, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CNS dysfunction during cancer cachexia with a focus on inflammatory, autonomic and neuroendocrine processes and end with a discussion of recently identified CNS mediators of cachexia, including GDF15, LCN2 and INSL3.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Role of Co-morbid Mood Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lecca ◽  
Luca Saba ◽  
Roberto Sanfilippo ◽  
Elisa Pintus ◽  
Michela Cadoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dsm Iv

Introduction/Objective: To study in severe carotid atherosclerosis (CA): the frequency of mood disorders (MD); the impairment of quality of life (QoL); the role of co-morbid MD in such impairment. Methods: Case-control study. Cases: consecutive in-patients with CA (stenosis ≥ 50%). Controls: subjects with no diagnosis of CA randomized from a database of a community survey. Psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-IV made by clinicians and semi-structured interview, QoL measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results: This is the first study on comorbidity on CA disease and MD in which psychiatric diagnoses are conducted by clinicians according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (17.4% vs 2.72%, P <0.0001) but not Bipolar Disorders (BD) (4.3% vs 0.5%, P = 0.99) was higher in cases (N=46) than in controls (N= 184). SF-12 scores in cases were lower than in controls (30.56±8.12 vs 36.81±6:40; p <0.001) with QoL comparable to serious chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The burden of a concomitant MDD or BD amplifies QoL impairment. Conclusion: Comorbid MD aggravates the impairment of QoL in CA. Unlike autoimmune diseases or degenerative diseases of the Central Nervous System, CA shows a strong risk of MDD than BD.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of sleep and insomnia in children with CNS tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
N. A. Andreeva ◽  
E. V. Kumirova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
External Funding ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Insomnia is a common symptom in children with malignant diseases and especially in children with tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). However, little attention is paid this complication during the therapy of malignant neoplasms. Insomnia violates the quality of life of children and their immediate surroundings. In this article, the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics are discussed in detail, and methods for treating this pathology are presented with two clinical cases confirming the diverse nature of insomnia in CNS tumors. Thus, the importance of an individual approach to the therapy of insomnia is emphasized.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study was performed without external funding

scholarly journals A Review of the Complex Roles of Glial Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Glial-Oriented Therapeutic Targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Shahriar Rahman Nirzhor ◽  
Rubayat Islam Khan ◽  
Sharmind Neelotpol
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD) is very complicated and not well-understood. As more and more studies are performed with regards to this disease, new insights are coming to light. Much of the research in AD so far has been very neuron-oriented however, recent studies suggest that certain glial cells i.e. microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2 glia are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and may offer several potential therapeutic targets in the long-standing battle against AD. Glial cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis (i.e. concentration of ions and neurotransmitters) within the neuronal environment of the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial to the integrity of neurons. This review explores the (1) role of glial cells in AD pathogenesis, (2) complex functionalities of the components involved and (3) potential therapeutic targets that it could eventuate leading to a better quality of life for AD patients.

scholarly journals Fatigue and Affective Manifestations in Multiple Sclerosis—A Cluster Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar S. Ayache ◽  
Moussa A. Chalah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by a high prevalence in young people, a drastic impact on the quality of life, and an important economic cost to society [...]

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Changes during Menopausal Transition

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Andrea Giannini ◽  
Marta Caretto ◽  
Andrea R. Genazzani ◽  
Tommaso Simoncini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Urogenital Symptoms ◽  
Follicular Activity

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles following the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Quality of life of postmenopausal woman is the result of a series of psychobiological transformations, that see in the reduction of sex hormones and steroids the etiopathogenetic determinant moment. Symptoms of menopause range from somatic side such as metabolic changes, increased cardiovascular disease, irregular vaginal bleeding, urogenital symptoms, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis and risk of bones fractures to changes of central nervous system as vasomotor symptoms, sleep disruption, mood changes, migraine, sexual dysfunctions. It is fundamental to know the mechanisms underlying changes in the central nervous system during menopause, related to hypoestrogenism, to be able to create appropriate target therapy for patients, improving their quality of life. In fact, the central nervous system is now one of the major targets of sex steroids that cannot be achieved disregard when dealing with the problem of choice of a particular type of MHT.

scholarly journals Inflammation Based Regulation of Cancer Cachexia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Onesti ◽  
Denis C. Guttridge
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Cancer cachexia, consisting of significant skeletal muscle wasting independent of nutritional intake, is a major concern for patients with solid tumors that affects surgical, therapeutic, and quality of life outcomes. This review summarizes the clinical implications, background of inflammatory cytokines, and the origin and sources of procachectic factors including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, INF-γ, and PIF. Molecular mechanisms and pathways are described to elucidate the link between the immune response caused by the presence of the tumor and the final result of skeletal muscle wasting.

scholarly journals The microsurgical solution in supratentorial cavernous angiomas

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
A. SASARAN ◽  
◽  
A. MOHAN ◽  
H.A. MOISA ◽  
A.V. CIUREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system are rare, neurovascular lesions usually detected in patients aged 20-50 and represent up to 8-15% of all intracranial malformations. The association between cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations is met in 10-30% of cases. Treatment strategies for intracranial cavernomas include conservative management, open microsurgery and finally stereotactic radiosurgery (the use of which is still highly debatable as there are no available methods to determine its short term effects). The authors present their surgical experience in what regards a cohort of 149 consecutive patients, diagnosed with intracranial and supratentorial cavernomas, admitted, investigated and treated between January 2000 and January 2015. The clinical particularities of the patients together with the surgical approaches are debated. Last but not least the outcome and quality of life of the patients is discussed.

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