Spontaneous Physical Activity in Obese Condition Favours Antitumour Immunity Leading to Decreased Tumour Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Carcinogenesis

Our goal was to evaluate the effect of spontaneous physical activity on tumour immunity during aging. Elderly (n = 10/group, 33 weeks) ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice fed a hyperlipidic diet were housed in standard (SE) or enriched (EE) environments. After 4 weeks, orthotopic implantation of syngeneic mammary cancer EO771 cells was performed to explore the immune phenotyping in the immune organs and the tumours, as well as the cytokines in the tumour and the plasma. EE lowered circulating myostatin, IL-6 and slowed down tumour growth. Spleen and inguinal lymph node weights reduced in relation to SE. Within the tumours, EE induced a lower content of lymphoid cells with a decrease in Th2, Treg and MDCS; and, conversely, a greater quantity of Tc and TAMs. While no change in tumour NKs cells occurred, granzyme A and B expression increased as did that of perforin 1. Spontaneous physical activity in obese conditions slowed tumour growth by decreasing low-grade inflammation, modulating immune recruitment and efficacy within the tumour.

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Does physical activity influence the association between depressive symptoms and low-grade inflammation in adults? A study of 8,048 adults

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112967 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 112967 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

André O. Werneck ◽

Diego G.D. Christofaro ◽

Raphael M. Ritti-Dias ◽

Gabriel G. Cucato ◽

Brendon Stubbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Low Grade ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

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Dietary saturated fat and low-grade inflammation modified by accelerometer-measured physical activity in adolescence: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7113-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carla P. Harris ◽

Andrea von Berg ◽

Dietrich Berdel ◽

Carl-Peter Bauer ◽

Tamara Schikowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Low Grade ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

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Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0803693 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1545-1551 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

J R Ruiz ◽

F B Ortega ◽

J Warnberg ◽

M Sjöström

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Low Grade ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Heart Study ◽

European Youth Heart Study ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

European Youth

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Lifestyle-related determinants of inflammation in adolescence

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507839614 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (S1) ◽

pp. S116-S120 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Julia Wärnberg ◽

Esther Nova ◽

Javier Romeo ◽

Luís A. Moreno ◽

Michael Sjöström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Low Grade ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

Apparently Healthy

Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases and may also play an important initiating role in their development. Only recently have inflammatory markers been included in epidemiological studies focusing on nutritional status, body composition and physical activity. We are just starting to understand how different lifestyles can determine basal levels of inflammatory biomarkers in early ages. This review aims to summarise what is known about the relationships between lifestyle-related determinants (focusing on overweight, physical activity and dietary habits) and inflammatory markers in apparently healthy young populations. Obesity is the most widely studied determinant. Several large-scale studies have now demonstrated that healthy young subjects with more body fat or higher BMI have moderately higher concentrations of inflammatory markers than their leaner peers, supporting the idea that obesity should be considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Less data is available to allow us to elucidate how physical activity/fitness or dietary patterns may have a direct effect on inflammation in apparently healthy, disease-free young populations.

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Physical activity, exercise and low-grade systemic inflammation

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665110001928 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 400-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Julia Wärnberg ◽

Karen Cunningham ◽

Javier Romeo ◽

Ascension Marcos

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

The Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

Type Ii ◽

Active Lifestyle ◽

Physically Active ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Physical Activity And Exercise ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Prospective studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the most common chronic diseases and in particular CVD. Obesity has repeatedly been associated with moderately raised levels of inflammation, and this observation has led to the view that obesity is characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. There is now great interest in elucidating how physical activity and exercise modulate inflammation. This review summarises the current research addressing the influence of physical activity and exercise in mitigating the risks of obesity and diseases such as type-II diabetes and CVD, through its action on the low-grade inflammatory state. Most research on this topic hypothesised that the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers is independent of fatness, but very few studies have proven this. Given that physical activity and obesity are often inversely related, it is not clear as to whether the anti-inflammatory health benefits of a physically active lifestyle are due to exercise per se or result from favourable changes in the body composition.

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Associations between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in Portuguese adolescents from LabMed Physical Activity Study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-017-1479-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 2055-2068 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Juliana Almeida-de-Souza ◽

Rute Santos ◽

Luis Lopes ◽

Sandra Abreu ◽

Carla Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Low Grade ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

Portuguese Adolescents

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Physical Activity and Inflammation Phenotype Conversion

Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology ◽

10.31189/2165-6193-8.2.64 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 64-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary P. Miles ◽

Stephanie Wilson ◽

Carl J. Yeoman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

The Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

M1 Macrophages ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a protective response to infection or injury; however, persistent microtraumas at the tissue level may result in chronic low-grade inflammation that plays both direct and indirect roles in the development of many diseases and aging. The purpose of this review is to describe the underlying physiology of low-grade inflammation and highlight potential inflammation lowering effects of physical activity (PA). Unique contributions of this review are to introduce the concept of inflammation phenotype flexibility in contrast to the low-grade inflammation state and describe how PA influences inflammation phenotype by altering muscle, gut, adipose, and postprandial metabolism. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and cytokines—such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6—contribute to low-grade inflammation. Among the mechanisms that commonly contribute to low-grade inflammation are dysfunctional adipose tissue, a leaky gut, gut microbiota that promotes inflammation, and large postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses. Physical activity may lower inflammation by decreasing M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue, decreasing adipose tissue volume, production of anti-inflammatory myokines, promotion of butyrate-producing members of the gut microbiota, improved gut barrier function, and lowering of postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses. While exercise has many anti-inflammatory mechanisms, phenotype conversion is complex, multifaceted, and difficult to achieve. Our understanding of how PA influences inflammation must include acute exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects, contribution to the inflammation state from multiple sources in the body, and phenotypic shifts underpinning low-grade inflammation.

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