scholarly journals CNV Hotspots in Testicular Seminoma Tissue and Seminal Plasma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Dora Raos ◽  
Irena Abramović ◽  
Miroslav Tomić ◽  
Alen Vrtarić ◽  
Tomislav Kuliš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Testicular Seminoma ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Seminoma (SE) is the most frequent type of testicular tumour, affecting predominantly young men. Early detection and diagnosis of SE could significantly improve life quality and reproductive health after diagnosis and treatment. Copy number variation (CNV) has already been associated with various cancers as well as SE. In this study, we selected four genes (MAGEC2, NANOG, RASSF1A, and KITLG) for CNV analysis in genomic DNA (gDNA), which are located on chromosomes susceptible to gains, and whose aberrant expression was already detected in SE. Furthermore, CNV was analysed in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from seminal plasma. Analysis was performed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) on gDNA from SE and nonmalignant testicular tissue. Seminal plasma cfDNA from SE patients before and after surgery was analysed, as well as from healthy volunteers. The CNV hotspot in gDNA from SE tissue was detected for the first time in all analysed genes, and for two genes, NANOG and KITLG it was reflected in cfDNA from seminal plasma. Although clinical value is yet to be determined, presented data emphasize a potential use of CNV as a potential SE biomarker from a liquid biopsy.

THE METABOLISM OF TESTOSTERONE, ANDROSTENEDIONE AND OESTRONE BY TESTES FROM A CASE OF TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. WADE ◽  
G. S. WILKINSON ◽  
J. C. DAVIS ◽  
T. N. A. JEFFCOATE
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Testicular Feminization ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Urinary Steroid ◽  
Chromatographic Evidence

SUMMARY [4-14C]Testosterone, [4-14C]androstenedione and [4-14C]oestrone were incubated with testicular tissue obtained from an 18-yr.-old patient with the complete form of the testicular feminization syndrome. Considerable biosynthesis of testosterone from androstenedione occurred, but metabolism of testosterone by the tissue was minimal. The small phenolic fraction from these incubations did not contain any recognizable oestrogens. Metabolism of oestrone was almost complete, less than 4% being recovered as unchanged oestrone. Of eight areas of radioactivity found during chromatography, five were shown to be associated with oestrone, 2-methoxyoestrone, oestradiol-17β, 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17β, and 2-methoxy-oestradiol-17β. Chromatographic evidence suggested that an oxo-oestrone and a compound more polar than oestriol were present. No oestriol was found. The results confirm those of other workers to the effect that testosterone is the major metabolite of androstenedione in feminizing testes. Incubation of the testes with oestrone showed them also to possess the enzyme systems necessary for hydroxylation at position 2 and the subsequent methylation of this group. Urinary steroid measurements before and after removal of the testes showed these organs to be actively secreting. Attempts to demonstrate oestrogenic activity in the urine additional to that accounted for by chemical estimation were unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Path of least resistance: how computerised provider order entry can lead to (and reduce) wasteful practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Choi ◽  
Cori Rebecca Atlin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Order Sets ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundComputerised provider order entry (CPOE) is rapidly becoming the mainstay in clinical care and has the potential to improve provider efficiency and accuracy. However, this hinges on careful planning and implementation. Poorly planned CPOE order sets can lead to undetected errors and waste. In our emergency department (ED), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was bundled into various blood work panels but had little clinical value.ObjectivesThis quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce unnecessary LDH testing in the ED.MethodsA group of ED physicians reviewed CPOE blood work panels and uncoupled LDH in conditions where it was deemed not to provide any clinically useful information. We measured the daily number of LDH tests performed before and after its removal. We tracked the frequency of other serum tests as controls. We also analysed the number of add-on LDH (ie, to add LDH to samples already sent to the lab) as a balancing measure, since this can disrupt work flow and delay care.ResultsThrough this intervention, we reduced the number of LDH tests performed by 69%, from an average of 75.1 tests per day to 23.2 (P<0.0005). The baseline controls did not differ after the intervention (eg, a complete blood count was performed 197.7 and 196.1 times per day preintervention and postintervention, respectively (P=0.7663)). There was less than one add-on LDH per day on average.ConclusionsCPOE care templates can be powerful in shaping behaviours and reducing variability. However, close oversight of these panels is necessary to prevent errors and waste.

scholarly journals Changes in Bull Semen Metabolome in Relation to Cryopreservation and Fertility

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Valentina Longobardi ◽  
Michal A. Kosior ◽  
Nunzia Pagano ◽  
Gerardo Fatone ◽  
Alessia Staropoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Semen cryopreservation determines several sperm damages, including the loss of fertility-associated proteins. The purpose of the study was to compare the metabolite contents in bovine sperm and seminal plasma before and after cryopreservation, and between high- and low-fertility bulls in vitro. Forty-eight ejaculates, collected from eight bulls (six per bull), were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cryopreservation resulted in an over-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) in seminal plasma. In addition, higher levels of glycine betaine and pyro-l-glutaminyl-l-glutamine were observed in cryopreserved compared to fresh spermatozoa. The fresh seminal plasma of high-fertility bulls showed an over-expression of l-acetylcarnitine, glycerol tripropanoate, 2,3-diacetoxypropyl stearate and glycerophosphocholine, and an under-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine and butyrylcarnitine, compared to low-fertility bulls. Higher levels of glycerophosphocholine and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) were recorded in fresh spermatozoa from high-fertility bulls. In high-fertility bulls, a greater content of glycerophosphocholine and lower levels of butyrylcarnitine, glycine betaine and l-carnitine were found in cryopreserved seminal plasma, and lower levels of glycine betaine were detected in cryopreserved spermatozoa. In conclusion, cryopreservation affects bovine semen metabolome at both plasmatic and cellular compartments, and metabolic profile differs between high- and low-fertility bulls.

scholarly journals MicroRNA signature in spermatozoa and seminal plasma of proven fertile men and in testicular tissue of men with obstructive azoospermia

Andrologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Abu‐Halima ◽  
Valentina Galata ◽  
Christina Backes ◽  
Andreas Keller ◽  
Mohamad Hammadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia

Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008–2010: Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽  
Constanze Leineweber ◽  
Hugo Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Before And After

Labour market segmentation theories suggest that permanent and temporary workers are exposed to economic risks to different degrees, and differ in their working life quality and well-being. However, few studies have tested these ideas during times of economic crisis. Also, little is known about how the self-employed compare to permanent and temporary workers and are affected by economic downturns. This study investigated Swedish workers in different labour market segments before and after the financial crisis (2008 and 2010). More specifically, it looked at job characteristics and strain differences between permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Data ( N = 6335) came from SLOSH, a longitudinal representative cohort study of the Swedish workforce. Contradicting segmentation theories, differences between permanent and temporary workers were small. The self-employed stood out with favourable job characteristics, but comparable strain levels. During the crisis, work demands and strain declined for many of the workers studied here.

Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on p53 and SOX2 protein expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-793
Author(s):  
Lucia Suzuki ◽  
Daan Nieboer ◽  
Jan JB van Lanschot ◽  
Manon CW Spaander ◽  
Leendert HJ Looijenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Before And After

Aim: To determine if neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) affects p53 and SOX2 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Materials & methods: Comparison of p53 and SOX2 expression in 100 paired pre- and post-nCRT EAC samples. Results: Aberrant p53 was largely concordant (75/83, 90%), while 13/18 (72%) pre-nCRT samples with wild-type (WT) p53 staining, showed aberrant staining in paired post-nCRT samples. Similarly, 31/45 (69%) with previous WT SOX2 showed SOX2 loss in paired post-nCRT samples, whereas aberrant SOX2 loss was concordant in 50/55 (91%) cases. The prognostic values of both markers regarding survival differ before and after nCRT. Conclusion: Aberrant expression of p53 and SOX2 staining in EAC tissue is unaffected by nCRT. Conversely, the WT-staining pattern frequently changed to aberrant expression.

92 EVALUATION OF BOAR SPERM FUNCTIONALITY AFTER A CUSHIONED CENTRIFUGATION TECHNIQUE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
J. Gadea ◽  
S. Martínez-Miró ◽  
G. Decuadro-Hansen ◽  
C. Matás
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Lipid Packing ◽  
Lipid Disorder ◽  
Merocyanine 540 ◽  
Centrifuge Tube ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Centrifugation Technique

Separation of sperm from seminal plasma is required in most semen freezing procedures. Semen is typically subjected to centrifugation to concentrate sperm into a pellet and allow removal of the seminal plasma prior to dilution in freezing extender. Centrifugation is a relatively effective method to recover sperm, however, the process also causes considerable sperm damage. The use of a dense, inert, and isotonic solution as a cushion in the bottom of the centrifuge tube allows a greater centrifugation speed to be applied and results in greater sperm recovery. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of this cushioned centrifugation technique on in vitro sperm viability and functionality. Sperm-rich fractions from 16 fertile boars were diluted and cooled to 15�C; then subsamples were centrifuged by one of two different techniques. A standard method (SM), 800 g for 10 min in 50-mL tubes (Westendorf et al. 1975 Dtsch. Tier�rztl. Wschr. 82, 261-267) and a cushioned method (CM), 1000 g for 20 min using 45 mL of diluted semen on 5 mL of an isotonic iodixanol solution (60% w/v gradient) were performed. Sperm samples were stained with merocyanine 540 (M540) and Yo-Pro 1 (Harrison et al. 1996 Mol. Rep. Dev. 45, 378-391) to detect changes in lipid packing disorder of the plasma membrane. Another set of sperm samples was incubated in the presence of (0.7 �M) 22,72-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (Gadea et al. 2005 J. Androl. 26, 396-404) to estimate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A final set of sperm samples was stained with peanut aggultinin-fluorscein isothiocyanate (PNA-FITC) and propidium iodide to evaluate the acrosome reaction. All of these parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry before and after centrifugation. ANOVA analysis revealed that centrifugation altered lipid packing disorder and viability. Raw semen (RS) had a larger number of viable low lipid disorder sperm than centrifuged semen (RS = 86.9a vs. SM = 81.64b vs. CM = 80.6b, P < 0.01) and a decreased number of dead sperm cells (RS = 9.5a vs. SM = 15.0b vs. CM = 16.3b, P < 0.01). However, the cushioned and standard centrifugation methods yielded similar results for all the parameters measured. No significant differences were found for generation of ROS or in the number of sperm exhibiting the acrosome reaction. In conclusion, compared to the standard centrifugation method, this simple cushioned modification is a more efficient means of processing boar semen for freezing because significantly less sample losses are detected; also, it provides similar levels of sperm viability and functionality, and consequently a higher number of doses per ejaculation can be produced.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Seminal Plasma Proteome in Secondary Hypogonadism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grande ◽  
Federica Vincenzoni ◽  
Francesca Mancini ◽  
Ferran Barrachina ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

In the grey zone of testosterone levels between 8 and 12 nmol/L, the usefulness of therapy is controversial; as such, markers of tissue action of androgens may be helpful in adjusting clinical decisions. To better understand the effect of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis on male accessory secretion, we performed a proteomic quantitative analysis of seminal plasma in patients with secondary hypogonadism, before and after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Ten male patients with postsurgical hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were enrolled in this study, and five of these patients were evaluated after testosterone treatment. Ten men with proven fertility were selected as a control group. An aliquot of seminal plasma from each individual was subjected to an in-solution digestion protocol and analyzed using an Ultimate 3000 RSLC-nano HPLC apparatus coupled to a LTQ Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. The label-free quantitative analysis was performed via Precursor Ions Area Detector Node. Eleven proteins were identified as decreased in hypogonadic patients versus controls, which are primarily included in hydrolase activity and protein binding activity. The comparison of the proteome before and after TRT comes about within the discovery of six increased proteins. This is the primary application of quantitative proteomics pointed to uncover a cluster of proteins reflecting an impairment not only of spermatogenesis but of the epididymal and prostate epithelial cell secretory function in male hypogonadism. The identified proteins might represent putative clinical markers valuable within the follow-up of patients with distinctive grades of male hypogonadism.

scholarly journals From One Ejaculate to Another: Transference of Sperm Traits via Seminal Plasma Supplementation in the Ram

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Christine Green ◽  
Jessica P. Rickard ◽  
Simon P. de Graaf ◽  
Angela J. Crean
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sperm Traits

Males can adjust sperm motility instantaneously in response to the perceived risk of sperm competition. The speed of this response suggests that sperm motility is regulated by changes in seminal plasma rather than changes in the sperm cells themselves. Hence, here we test whether inter-ejaculate variation in seminal plasma can be used to alter sperm quality prior to use in assisted reproductive technologies. We supplemented fresh ejaculates of Merino rams with seminal plasma collected from previous ‘donor’ ejaculates to test whether changes in sperm kinetics were related to the relative quality of donor to focal ejaculates. We found a positive relationship between the change in sperm traits before and after supplementation, and the difference in sperm traits between the donor and focal ejaculate. Hence, sperm motility can be either increased or decreased through the addition of seminal plasma from a superior or inferior ejaculate, respectively. This positive relationship held true even when seminal plasma was added from a previous ejaculate of the same ram, although the slope of the relationship depended on the identity of both the donor and receiver ram. These findings indicate that seminal plasma plays a key role in the control and regulation of sperm kinetics, and that sperm kinetic traits can be transferred from one ejaculate to another through seminal plasma supplementation.

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