scholarly journals Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chunjuan Zhang ◽  
Xingtao Gao ◽  
Bilge Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Boron Trioxide ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Contaminant Metals ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has maintained its crucial role in refining decades after its initial introduction owing to the flexibility it has as a process as well as the developments in its key enabler, the FCC catalyst. Boron-based technology (BBT) for passivation of contaminant metals in FCC catalysts represents one such development. In this contribution we describe Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of boron-containing catalysts to identify the phase and structural information of boron. We demonstrate that FTIR can serve as a sensitive method to differentiate boron trioxide and borate structures with a detection limit at the 1000 ppm level. The FTIR analysis validates that the boron in the FCC catalysts studied are in the form of small borate units and confirms that the final FCC catalyst product contains no detectable isolated boron trioxide phase. Since boron trioxide is regulated in some parts of the world, this novel FTIR methodology can be highly beneficial for further FCC catalyst development and its industrial application at refineries around the world. This new method can also be applied on systems beyond catalysts, since the characterization of boron-containing materials is needed for a wide range of other applications in the fields of glass, ceramics, semiconductors, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.

Micro-Scale Flow Simulations and Permeability Estimation of Cleat Networks in Coal

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
J. Busse ◽  
S. Galindo Torres ◽  
Alexander Scheuermann ◽  
L. Li ◽  
D. Bringemeier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Experiments

Coal mining raises a number of environmental and operational challenges, including the impact of changing groundwater levels and flow patterns on adjacent aquifer and surface water systems. Therefore it is of paramount importance to fully understand the flow of water and gases in the geological system on all scales. Flow in coal seams takes place on a wide range of scales from large faults and fractures to the micro-structure of a porous matrix intersected by a characteristic cleat network. On the micro-scale these cleats provide the principal source of permeability for fluid and gas flow. Description of the behaviour of the flow within the network is challenging due to the variations in number, sizing, orientation, aperture and connectivity at a given site. This paper presents a methodology to simulate flow and investigate the permeability of fractured media. A profound characterization of the geometry of the cleat network in micrometer resolution can be derived by CT-scans. The structural information is fed into a Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) based model that allows the implementation of virtual flow experiments. With the application of suitable hydraulic boundary conditions the full permeability tensor can be calculated in 3D.

Quantitative Characterization of Particle Shape of FCC Catalysts by Image Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1086-1087
Author(s):  
Zhengmin Li ◽  
Xingzhong Xu ◽  
Jinghe Yang ◽  
Xiuling Xu ◽  
Weijun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Shape ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Attrition Resistance ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

In the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit of oil refinery, the attrition resistance of FCC catalysts is affected by particle shape. Although some sophisticated methods, such as Fractal dimension and Fourier analysis, have been introduced to particle shape analysis, most of them are used to assess the shape of individual particle. It is difficult to be used as a means of powder quality control in the course of application and production of FCC catalysts. So three shape factors, i.e. Short/long ratio (S), Roundness (R) and Concavity (C), are applied to characterize them in three different aspects.A small quantity of FCC catalyst powders were spread on a glass slide M and a thin layer of glue was spread on another glass slide N, then all the particles on slide M were sprinkled on slide N by vibrating manually up and down, in the meantime moving back and forth more than 10 times.

scholarly journals Quantitative Visual Characterization of Contaminant Metals and their Mobility in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Senter ◽  
Mastry ◽  
Mannion ◽  
McGuire ◽  
Houtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Vanadium Iron ◽  
Contaminant Metals ◽  
Fcc Catalysts ◽  
Iron And Calcium

A new approach for characterization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is proposed. This approach is based on computational visual analyses of images originating from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies coupled with elemental mapping via electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The concept of contaminant metal mobility is defined and systematically studied through quantification of interparticle transfer and intraparticle penetration of the most common FCC contaminant metals (nickel, vanadium, iron, and calcium). This novel methodology was employed for practical quantification of intraparticle mobility via the Peripheral Deposition Index (PDI). For analyzing and quantifying interparticle mobility, a new index was developed and coined “Interparticle Mobility Index” or IMI. With the development and practical application of these two indices, this study offers the first standardized methodology for quantification of metals mobility in FCC. This novel systematic approach for analyzing metals mobility allows for improved troubleshooting of refinery-specific case studies and for more effective research and development in contaminant metals passivation in FCC catalysts.

scholarly journals Bunch mode specific rate corrections for PILATUS3 detectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trueb ◽  
C. Dejoie ◽  
M. Kobas ◽  
P. Pattison ◽  
D. J. Peake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
High Count ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Behaviour ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Synchrotron Beamlines

PILATUS X-ray detectors are in operation at many synchrotron beamlines around the world. This article reports on the characterization of the new PILATUS3 detector generation at high count rates. As for all counting detectors, the measured intensities have to be corrected for the dead-time of the counting mechanism at high photon fluxes. The large number of different bunch modes at these synchrotrons as well as the wide range of detector settings presents a challenge for providing accurate corrections. To avoid the intricate measurement of the count rate behaviour for every bunch mode, a Monte Carlo simulation of the counting mechanism has been implemented, which is able to predict the corrections for arbitrary bunch modes and a wide range of detector settings. This article compares the simulated results with experimental data acquired at different synchrotrons. It is found that the usage of bunch mode specific corrections based on this simulation improves the accuracy of the measured intensities by up to 40% for high photon rates and highly structured bunch modes. For less structured bunch modes, the instant retrigger technology of PILATUS3 detectors substantially reduces the dependency of the rate correction on the bunch mode. The acquired data also demonstrate that the instant retrigger technology allows for data acquisition up to 15 million photons per second per pixel.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition and Structural Characterization of the Clinoptilolite Powders Obtained from Zeolite-Rich Tuffs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pabiś-Mazgaj ◽  
Tomasz Gawenda ◽  
Paweł Pichniarczyk ◽  
Agata Stempkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Clinoptilolite is a precious zeolite mineral that has the most comprehensive physicochemical properties among all the zeolite group minerals. Due to these unique properties, clinoptilolite has a wide range of applications in many different industries. In Poland, the clinoptilolite occurs only as an accompanying mineral in the sedimentary rocks nearby Rzeszów. In Europe, the abundant clinoptilolite-bearing deposits are located in Slovakia and Ukraine, where clinoptilolite mineralization occurs in the volcanic tuffs. Due to clinoptilolite’s rare performance, it is extremely crucial to manage its deposits in a complementary manner. In this paper, the mineralogical and structural characterization of the clinoptilolite powders obtained by mineral processing of the clinoptilolite-rich tuffs from Slovakia and Ukraine deposits were discussed. The scope of research covered determination of the mineral composition of the tuffs, structural analysis of the clinoptilolite crystals, as well as textural and physical properties of the powders obtained by mineral processing of the tuffs. In addition, this paper includes the comparative study of the most significant zeolite deposits in the world and investigated clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. A wide spectrum of methods was used: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC, TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), the laser diffraction technique, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The test results indicated that the major component of the tuffs is clinoptilolite, which crystallized in the form of very fine-crystalline thin plates. The clinoptilolite mineralization in the Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs exhibited a strong resemblance to the clinoptilolite crystals in Yemeni and Turkish tuffs. With respect to the mineral composition, the investigated tuffs showed excellent conformity with the Miocene white tuffs from Romania. The Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs do not reveal the presence of the clay minerals, which is quite common for naturally occurring zeolite-rich rocks in various deposits in the world. The textural features together with mineral composition of the investigated samples incline that they are potentially suitable raw materials for the sorbent of petroleum compounds. Moreover, the obtained results can be useful indicators with respect to the crushing and compaction susceptibility of the Ukrainian and Slovakian clinoptilolite-rich tuffs.

The Shabaḥ of Modernity: World-Systems, the Petro-Imperium, and the Indigenous Trace

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-109
Author(s):  
Karim Mattar
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Novelistic Form

This chapter provides a new reading of Abdelrahman Munif’s five-volume epic of Gulf petro-modernity, Cities of Salt, in the context of the world literature debate. Considering how this novel has been framed for international audiences since its translation into English, I start with John Updike’s response to Munif as “insufficiently Westernized” to have produced a novel. This response, I argue, is symptomatic of a world literature that conceives of “the literary” only according to “Western” norms and models. I then offer a corrective based on what I show to be Munif’s spectral characterization of Bedouin resistance leader Miteb al-Hathal. A “shabaḥ” (specter), this figure hovers at the interstices of modern oil state that had overwritten or incorporated his world, and, unassimilable, haunts it – indeed, the novel – with the revolutionary memory of its own abuses. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, I trace Munif’s spectral inf(l)ection of novelistic form through a discussion of questions of indigeneity; Bedouin oral poetic tradition; and the dialectics of Gulf “petro-modernity” in relation to Bedouin history, politics, and culture. In sum, this chapter articulates the linkage between world literature, Orientalism, modernity, the novel, and spectrality at the heart of this book.

scholarly journals Characterization of O-glycan binding lectin from the red alga Hydropuntia eucheumatoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-696
Author(s):  
Le Dinh Hung ◽  
Tran Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Dinh Thanh Trung
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Binding Lectin ◽  
Oligosaccharide Structures

The red alga, Hydropuntia eucheumatoides is one of the algal genera from which agar is commercially extracted, and is the main source of agar in the world. The lectin HEL from the red alga H. eucheumatoides was isolated by a combination of aqueous ethanol extraction, ethanol precipitation, ion exchange and filtration chromatography. Lectin gave a single band with molecular mass of 17,000 Da in both non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, therefore lectin exists in monomeric form. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10, temperature up 60 oC and not affected by either the presence of EDTA or addition of divalent cations, indicating that lectin requires no metal for biological activity. The hemagglutination activities of HEL were not inhibited by monosaccharides and glycoproteins, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, N-acety-D-mannosamine, transferin, fetuin and yeast mannan, but strongly inhibited by monosaccharides containing  acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position, such as N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and glycoprotein porcine stomach mucin bearing O-glycans. Thus, lectin is specific for O-glycans and  may recognize the sequences GalNAcαSer/Thr, GalNAc(α1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)]Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)GalNAc- and GluNAc(α1-4)Gal- under interacting with the acetamido groups at equatorial C2 position of the terminal sugar residues in oligosaccharide structures of O-glycans. The red alga H. eucheumatoides could promise to be a source of valuable lectins for application in biochemistry and biomedicine.

Creative Strategy Used in Electronic Advertising

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Mustafa Omer Abdalaziz
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electronic Advertising

The study aims at the technological developments that are taking place in the world and have impacted on all sectors and fields and imposed on the business organizations and commercial companies to carry out their marketing and promotional activities within the electronic environment. The most prominent of these developments is the emergence of the concept of electronic advertising which opened a wide range of companies and businessmen to advertise And to promote their products and their work easily through the Internet, which has become full of electronic advertising, and in light of that will discuss the creative strategy used in electronic advertising;

ARTISTIC ASSIMILATION OF THE WORLD IN THE ESSAY PROSE OF M. G. ATAMANOV (BASED ON THE BOOK “I AM UDMURT. WHY DOES IT HURT?”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Alevtina Vasilevna Kamitova ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Style

The paper reflects the specificity of the fundamental ideas of the artistic world of M. G. Atamanov, which includes a wide range of literary facts from the content level of the text of the works to their poetics. A particularly important role in the works of M. G. Atamanov is played by cross-cutting themes and images that reflect the author's individual style and his idea of national-ethnic identity. The subject of the research is the book of essays “Mon - Udmurt. Maly mynym vös’?” (“I am Udmurt. Why does it hurt?”), which most vividly reflected the main spiritual and artistic searches of M. G. Atamanov, associated with his ideas about the Udmurt people. The main motives and plots of the works included in the book under consideration are accumulated around the concept of “Udmurtness”. The comprehension of “Udmurtness” is modeled in his essays through specific leit themes: native language, Udmurt people, national culture, mentality, geographic and topographic features of the Udmurt people’ places of residence, the Orthodox idea. The “Udmurt theme” is recognized and comprehended by the writer through the prism of national identity.

Potential Triazole-based Molecules for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 4403-4434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susimaire Pedersoli Mantoani ◽  
Peterson de Andrade ◽  
Talita Perez Cantuaria Chierrito ◽  
Andreza Silva Figueredo ◽  
Ivone Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Moment

Neglected Diseases (NDs) affect million of people, especially the poorest population around the world. Several efforts to an effective treatment have proved insufficient at the moment. In this context, triazole derivatives have shown great relevance in medicinal chemistry due to a wide range of biological activities. This review aims to describe some of the most relevant and recent research focused on 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolebased molecules targeting four expressive NDs: Chagas disease, Malaria, Tuberculosis and Leishmaniasis.

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