scholarly journals Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Amieria Citra Gita ◽  
Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Mareli Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Used Frying Oil ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Kinetics Of

This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454

scholarly journals Municipal Leachate Treatment by Fenton Process: Effect of Some Variable and Kinetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadian ◽  
Sohyla Reshadat ◽  
Nader Yousefi ◽  
Seyed Hamed Mirhossieni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Better Than

Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time, the COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal increased. The maximum COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal were obtained at low pH (pH: 3). The kinetic data were analyzed in term of zero-order, first-order, and second-order expressions. First-order kinetic model described the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, and color from leachate better than two other kinetic models. In spite of extremely difficulty of leachate treatment, the previous results seem rather encouraging on the application of Fenton’s oxidation.

Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakun Sawiwat ◽  
Somjai Kajorncheappunngam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals Valorization of Solketal Synthesis from Sustainable Biodiesel Derived Glycerol Using Response Surface Methodology

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Gayathri Arun ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Zulqarnain Zulqarnain ◽  
Umesh Deshannavar ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Mohd Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Biodiesel production has gained considerable importance over the last few decades due to the increase in fossil fuel prices as well as toxic emissions of oxygen and nitrogen. The production of biodiesel via catalytic transesterification produces crude glycerol as a co-product along with biodiesel, amounting to 10% of the total biodiesel produced. Glycerol has a low value in its impure form, and the purification of glycerol requires sophisticated technologies and is an expensive process. The conversion of crude glycerol into value-added chemicals such as solketal is the best way to improve the sustainability of biodiesel synthesis using the transesterification reaction. Therefore, the conversion of crude glycerol into the solketal was investigated in a batch reactor simulation model developed by the Aspen Plus V11.0. The non-random two liquid theory (NRTL) method was used as a thermodynamic property package to study the effect of four input ketalization parameters. The model was validated with the findings of previous experimental studies of solketal synthesis using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The influence of the following operating parameters was investigated: reaction time of 10,000 to 60,000 s, reaction temperature of 303 to 323 K, acetone to glycerol molar ratio of 2:1 to 10:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.005 to 0.03 wt %. The optimum solketal yield of 81.36% was obtained at the optimized conditions of 313 K, 9:1, 0.03 wt %, and 40,000 s. The effect of each input parameter on the ketalization process and interaction between input and output parameters was investigated by using the response surface methodology (RSM) optimizer. The relationship between independent and response variables developed by RSM fit most of the simulation data, which showed the accuracy of the model. A second-order differential equation fit the simulation data well and showed an R2 value of 0.99. According to the findings of RSM, the influence of catalyst amount, acetone to glycerol molar ratio, and reaction time were more significant on solketal yield. The effect of temperature on the performance of the reaction was not found to be significant because of the exothermic nature of the process. The findings of this study showed that biodiesel-derived glycerol can be effectively utilized to produce solketal, which can be used for a wider range of applications such as a fuel additive. However, further work is required to enhance the solketal yield by developing new heterogeneous catalysts so that the industrial implementation of its production can be made possible.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous kinetics of vegetable oil transesterification at high temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Nasreen ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ivana Lukic ◽  
Liaqat Qurashi ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Kinetics Of

Currently, the catalytic efficiency and reusability of the solid base catalysts cannot meet the demand of industrial biodiesel production under low temperature. The purpose of this study is to define the kinetics of heterogeneous transesterification process which might be used for the prediction of the biodiesel synthesis at high temperature and pressure. The focus in this study was paid to recently reported data obtained with different catalysts used for biodiesel synthesis in a batch reactor at high temperatures. It was shown that three kinetic models that include: a) irreversible first order reaction; b) reaction with changeable order; and c) resistances of mass transfer and chemical reaction at active sites of the catalyst could be applied for predicting the effect of high temperature of the transesterification. The apparent reaction rate constant of the irreversible first order reaction was determined, as well as the parameters of the other two, more complicated kinetic models. The best agreement was obtained with the more complicated models and the mean relative percent deviation between calculated and experimentally determined triacylglycerols conversion for these kinetic models is between 3 and 10%.

Rapeseed Oil Interesterification Reaction with Metylacetate in the Presence of BuOK/BuOH at Different Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Reinis Gravins ◽  
Kristine Lazdovica
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Synthesis Stage

By the investigation and comparison of different interesterification reactions at fixed reaction time researchers usually selected 1 hour as a characteristic time for the synthesis stage of industrial biodiesel production. Investigation performed in this work shows that the equilibrium of interesterification reaction mixture of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate in molar ration of 1:18 in presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol at molar ratio to oil 0.08 at 25 °C reach the equilibrium approximately after 50 min but at 55 °C after 10 min. The equilibrium compositions of the reaction mixtures at different temperatures are different. The concentrations of TG, FAME and TA during the interesterification reaction at 25 °C obey the pseudo-first order law which do not reflect the stoichiometry of this multiple elementary steps reaction.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FRYING OIL OVER ALUMINA SUPPORTED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Lekan T. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Percentage Contribution

An optimization of the biodiesel production from a waste frying oil via a heterogeneous transesterification was studied. This present study is also aimed at investigating the catalytic ehaviour of the alumina supported eggshell (ASE) for the synthesis of biodiesel. A synthesized ASE catalyst, at various mixing ratios of alumina to eggshell, was investigated and exhibited a better activity for the reaction when the eggshell and alumina were mixed via incipient wetness impregnation in 2 : 1 proportion on a mass basis and calcined at 900 °C for 4 h. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by basicity, BET, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The 2k factorial experimental design was employed for an optimization of process variables, which include catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature and their effects on the biodiesel yield were studied. The optimization results showed that the reaction time has the highest percentage contribution of 40.139% while the catalyst loading contributes the least to the biodiesel production, as low as 1.233 %. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9492) and the interaction between the reaction time and reaction temperature contributes significantly to the biodiesel production process with percentage contribution of 14.001 %, compared to other interaction terms. The biodiesel yield of 77.56% was obtained under the optimized factor combination of 4.0 wt.% catalyst loading, 120 min reaction time, 12 : 1 methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature of 65 °C. The reusability study showed that the ASE catalyst could be reused for up to four cycles and the biodiesel produced under optimum conditions conformed to the ASTM standard.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil from Local Restaurants in East Colombia Using a Combined Lipase System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Mary Angélica Ferreira Vela ◽  
Juan C. Acevedo-Páez ◽  
Nestor Urbina-Suárez ◽  
Yeily Adriana Rangel Basto ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification

The search for innovation and biotechnological strategies in the biodiesel production chain have become a topic of interest for scientific community owing the importance of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to implement an enzymatic transesterification process to obtain biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO). The transesterification was performed by varying reaction times (8 h, 12 h and 16 h), enzyme concentrations of lipase XX 25 split (14%, 16% and 18%), pH of reaction media (6, 7 and 8) and reaction temperature (35, 38 and 40 °C) with a fixed alcohol–oil molar ratio of 3:1. The optimum operating conditions were selected to quantify the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated. The highest biodiesel production was reached with an enzyme concentration of 14%, reaction time of 8 h, pH of 7 and temperature of 38 °C. It was estimated a FAMEs production of 42.86% for the selected experiment; however, best physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel were achieved with an enzyme concentration of 16% and reaction time of 8 h. Results suggested that enzymatic transesterification process was favorable because the amount of methyl esters obtained was similar to the content of fatty acids in the WFO.

Kinetics of bioactive compounds in functional spice Jiangpo during thermal processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Dai ◽  
Chenhuan Yu ◽  
Qiaofeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Jiangpo is an increasingly popular East Asian spice which is made from Mangnolia officinalis bark and ginger juice. Since it induces bioactive compounds decomposition and has influence on final flavor and fragrance, cooking is regarded as the key operation in preparation of Jiangpo. To evaluate the bioactive compounds content changes of Jiangpo during thermal processing, kinetic parameters including reaction order, rate constant, T1/2 and activation energy of bioactive markers namely honokiol, magnolol and curcumin were determined. Cooking was set at temperatures 60, 90 and 120 °C for selected time intervals. Results displayed the thermal kinetic characteristics of the three compounds. Thermal degradation of Honokiol and magnolol both followed first order kinetic model and the loss of curcumin fitted second order. A mathematical model based on the obtained kinetic parameters has also been developed to predict the degradation of honokiol, magnolol and curcumin in non-isothermal state. All the information in this paper could contribute necessary information for optimizing the existing heat processing of Jiangpo.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

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