scholarly journals MiRNAs in Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Highlight Review on Comparative Biomolecular Aspects

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Leonardo Leonardi ◽  
Katia Scotlandi ◽  
Ilaria Pettinari ◽  
Maria Serena Benassi ◽  
Ilaria Porcellato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tumors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Comparative Oncology ◽  
Translational Cancer Research ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Degree

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone in humans and animals. Comparative oncology is a field of study that examines the cancer risk and tumor progression across the species. The canine model is ideally suited for translational cancer research. The biological and clinical characteristics of human and canine OS are common to hypothesize as that several living and environmental common conditions shared between the two species can influence some etiopathogenetic mechanisms, for which the canine species represents an important model of comparison with the human species. In the canine and human species, osteosarcoma is the tumor of bone with the highest frequency, with a value of about 80–85% (in respect to all other bone tumors), a high degree of invasiveness, and a high rate of metastasis and malignancy. Humans and dogs have many genetic and biomolecular similarities such as alterations in the expression of p53 and in some types of microRNAs that our working group has already described previously in several separate works. In this paper, we report and collect new comparative biomolecular features of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, which may represent an innovative update on the biomolecular profile of this tumor.

STUDY ON CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULT OF TREATMENT BENIGN VOCAL CORD TUMOR WITH RIGID LARYNGEAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY

2012 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Duy Thai Truong ◽  
Van Dung Phan ◽  
Tu The Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective: Study on clinical characteristics and result of treatment benign vocal cord tumor with suspensive laryngeal endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in 43 patients who had benign vocal cord tumor and performed a suspensive laryngeal endoscopic surgery at ENT Dept. of Hue University Hospital, from 3/2010 to 5/2011. Results: The most common was group was 31 - 45 (44.2%). There was no difference of gender. Moderate hoarness was 67.4%. Classification of benign laryngeal tumor: vocal nodules (13 cases), vocal cyst (18 cases), vocal polyp (10 cases) and Reinke’s edema (2 cases). The successful treatment rate of vocal benign tumor was 88.4%. Conclusions: Suspensive laryngeal endoscopic surgery was the best method to cure benign vocal cord tumor. The surgeon had a clear operative field, easy manoeuver, high rate of cure and less complication.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Epilepsy in Childhood: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study from Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting around 1% of children. The incidence in Sudan is likely to be higher given the high rate of genetic disorders related to consanguity and acquired disorders caused by CNS infection and birth injury. Epilepsy can be idiopathic or non-idiopathic, symptomatic epilepsy indicates a known cause while cryptogenic epilepsy implies a presumed unknown cause. Objective: To understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of epilepsy in children in the setting of a tertiary epilepsy clinic in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This is a hospital-based cross sectional study recruiting patients with epilepsy attending a tertiary pediatric neurology clinic. All patients attending the clinic in the 6 month period were included. Data was collected by medical students and was analyzed on IBM SPSS Version 20.0 in a descriptive fashion. Results: 284 Children were recruited. The mean age for children with epilepsy was 5.74 (range 0-12 Years). Females constituted 59.9%; while 94.7% of patients were of low socioeconomic status. The most common type of seizures found were generalized tonic clinic at 51.8% (147/284), followed by focal seizures at 21.1% (60/284). 71% of our patients (201/284) had no identifiable cause (idiopathic), while 29% were non-idiopathic. Of the non-idiopathic group; 41% were due to congenital anomalies, followed by HIE at 24.1%, infections at 16.9% trauma at 10.8% and tumors at 7.2%. Only 18.3% (52/284) had a positive family history of epilepsy. Conclusions: There appears to be a higher incidence of epilepsy in Children with low socio – economic status with a slight female predominance. The incidence of idiopathic epilepsy appears to be similar to inter-national figures. We recommend broader community based and long-term studies for better understanding of epilepsy in Sudan.

The Jaw Displaced

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Weiner ◽  
Chris Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Fluorine Concentration ◽  
History Museum ◽  
A Value ◽  
Analytical Reliability ◽  
Fresh Bone ◽  
Improved Technique ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Strong Suspicion

On the basis of our preliminary arguments and our anatomical re-examination of the fragments, Mr. W. N. Edwards, the Keeper of Geology of the Natural History Museum, felt justified in allowing the specimens of mandible, cranium, and teeth to be drilled for much larger samples than could ever have been sanctioned hitherto. These larger samples and the use of improved chemical methods guaranteed a high degree of analytical reliability. The drilling itself gave us an encouraging start. As the drilling proceeded, Dr. Oakley and his assistant perceived a distinct smell of ‘burning horn’ when the jaw was sampled, but they noticed nothing of the sort with any of the cranial borings. This subjective indication of some distinct difference between the constitution of jaw and cranium soon gained objective confirmation. The drilled sample from the jaw proved to be utterly unlike those from the cranium. In keeping with the belief in its fossil or semi-fossilized character, the latter produced a fine particulate granular powder, whereas the jaw yielded little shavings of bone, just as did a fresh bone sampled as a control. Here was the beginning of the series of findings which progressively widened the gulf between jaw and cranium. Very soon Dr. Oakley obtained clear chemical evidence to justify fully the strong suspicion of the modernity of the jaw and of the totally distinct origin of the cranium. An improved technique for estimating small quantities of fluorine produced this decisive result. The cranial fragments of site I were found to contain fluorine in a concentration of 0.1 per cent., a value somewhat similar to that of specimens of known Late Ice Age. The jaw and the three teeth on the contrary gave much lower figures, at levels below 0.03 per cent., values well within the range of known modern and fresh specimens. Indeed, these values are on the borderline of the sensitivity of the method. The fluorine test gave its verdict twice over. For the two cranial fragments from the second Piltdown site contained a fluorine concentration of 0.1 per cent, and the isolated molar which went with these fragments contained less than 0.01 per cent.

scholarly journals Internal consistency of a Brazilian version of the unified Huntington's disease rating scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Tumas ◽  
Sarah Teixeira Camargos ◽  
Paulo Samandar Jalali ◽  
Adriano de Paula Galesso ◽  
Wilson Marques Jr
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
High Degree

We evaluated the reliability of a translated Brazilian version of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) to establish the reproducibility of the scale in a population that differs substantially from that on which the scale was originally validated. After a training period with the video and guidelines requested from the Huntington Study Group, we applied the UHDRS, except for the cognitive tests, to a group of 21 Brazilian patients with a molecular diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). We found a high degree of internal consistency of the motor section of the UHDRS (Cronbach's alpha= 0.841). There was a negative correlation between the total motor score and the functional assessment, the independence scale and the functional capacity. There was a positive correlation between these 3 scales of functional evaluation and a negative correlation between the age of onset of the disease and the number of CAG repeats. The behavioral scale and disease duration were not correlated with any factor. The clinical characteristics of this sample of patients as described by the UHDRS were roughly similar to those reported in the original validation studies and the correlations described were similar to those reported previously. We conclude that the Brazilian version of the UHDRS is reliable and valid to study patients with HD in the Brazilian setting, that this sample of Brazilian patients had clinical characteristics similar to those observed in other world regions, as expected, and that the clinical training method used for the application of the UHDRS was effective to insure a high degree of clinical reproducibility.

A novel biodegradable occluder for the closure of ventricular septal defects: immediate and medium-term results in a canine model

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-792
Author(s):  
Haisong Bu ◽  
Yifeng Yang ◽  
Shijun Hu ◽  
Qin Wu ◽  
Xueyang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ventricular Septal Defects ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Echocardiography Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

Abstract OBJECTIVES The feasibility of an Amplatzer septal occluder closure of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) under echocardiographic guidance has already been proven. However, the technique is not used routinely owing to high-rate atrioventricular blocks and the non-absorbability of the occluder. Here, we aimed to evaluate the safety, biocompatibility and effectiveness of a new biodegradable occluder. METHODS A total of 18 adult beagle dogs [mean body weight 8.85 kg (range 8.10–10.40 kg)] were enrolled in our study from March 2015 to July 2018. VSD animal models were prepared by thoracic intervention, and the new bioabsorbable occluder was implanted under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography. Laboratory examinations, transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed after surgery, and pathological samples from dogs were obtained after euthanasia and examined in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 24th months to evaluate the safety, biocompatibility and effectiveness of the biodegradable occluder. RESULTS All the dogs received successful implantations of the biodegradable occluder and survived, showing no follow-up-related complications (such as dislocation, arrhythmia and recanalization). Biochemical tests showed no significant abnormalities or differences, except for an increase in white blood cells and C-reactive proteins on the day after the operation. Histopathological examinations revealed that the bioabsorbable occluders were biocompatible, while immunohistochemical evaluations and electron microscopy showed endothelial cells growing on the occluder surface. CONCLUSIONS The effective occlusion of VSD, good biocompatibility, rapid endothelialization and lack of complications shown by the biodegradable occluder in this study suggest that the device meets acceptable clinical safety and has potential application prospects.

scholarly journals Nucleophosmin Is a Binding Partner of Nucleostemin in Human Osteosarcoma Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2870-2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanhui Ma ◽  
Thoru Pederson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins ◽  
High Degree

Nucleostemin (NS) is expressed in the nucleoli of adult and embryonic stem cells and in many tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, nucleostemin is recovered with the tumor suppressor p53, and more recently we have demonstrated that nucleostemin exerts its role in cell cycle progression via a p53-dependent pathway. Here, we report that in human osteosarcoma cells, nucleostemin interacts with nucleophosmin, a nucleolar protein believed to possess oncogenic potential. Nucleostemin (NS) and nucleophosmin (NPM) displayed an extremely high degree of colocalization in the granular component of the nucleolus during interphase, and both proteins associated with prenucleolar bodies in late mitosis before the reformation of nucleoli. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NS and NPM co-reside in complexes, and yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed that they are interactive proteins, revealing the NPM-interactive region to be the 46-amino acid N-terminal domain of NS. In bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies, bright nucleolar signals were observed, indicating that these two proteins directly interact in the nucleolus in vivo. These results support the notion that cell cycle regulatory proteins congress and interact in the nucleolus, adding to the emerging concept that this nuclear domain has functions beyond ribosome production.

Spinal ependymomas in neurofibromatosis Type 2: a retrospective analysis of 55 patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Plotkin ◽  
Caroline C. O'Donnell ◽  
William T. Curry ◽  
Catherine M. Bove ◽  
Mia MacCollin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Clinical Records

Object The aim of this paper was to define the clinical characteristics of spinal ependymomas associated with neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with NF2 who had imaging findings consistent with ependymomas and were seen at Massachusetts General Hospital between 1994 and 2007. Clinical characteristics of these patients were obtained from hospital records, imaging studies, surgical reports, and pathology reports. Mutational analysis of the NF2 gene was performed in 37 of 44 unrelated patients. Results Fifty-five patients met inclusion criteria for the study. The median age at diagnosis of NF2 was 21 years; the median time after diagnosis until identification of ependymomas was 5 years. Multiple ependymomas were present in 58% of patients. The most common site of involvement was the cervical cord or cervicomedullary junction (86% of imaging studies), followed by the thoracic and lumbar cords (62% and 8%, respectively). The majority of patients had no symptoms related to their tumors (42 patients [76%]). After a median follow-up of 50 months, surgery was performed in 11 patients (20%) for symptomatic progression (indications for surgery). Mutational analysis of the NF2 gene detected alterations in 28 (76%) of 37 unrelated patients, with nonsense and frameshift mutations accounting for 64% of detected mutations. The high rate of truncating mutations may help explain the high tumor burden in these patients. Conclusions Neurofibromatosis Type 2–related ependymomas exhibit an indolent growth pattern with tumor progression limited to a minority of patients. The authors believe that surveillance is reasonable for asymptomatic ependymomas, including those with cystic areas that expand the cord. For symptomatic tumors, resection may be warranted depending on age, overall clinical status, and ease of resectability.

Mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of two fluvio-glacial sediments from east Greenland

Clay Minerals ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Petersen ◽  
K. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Soil Clays ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe < 2 µm fractions of two fluvio-glacial sediments from East Greenland have been analysed chemically and by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The bulk of each < 2 µm fraction consists of feldspars and micas (biotite) which are important constituents of the Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks of the area. Significant amounts of vermiculitic and smectitic minerals are also present. Compared with similar minerals present in Danish soil clays, the Greenland vermiculite and smectite are characterized by a high degree of crystallinity and it is concluded that these minerals have been formed from biotite through K release and lattice expansion. These processes appear to have proceeded at a sufficiently high rate to yield significant amounts of vermiculite and smectite despite the cold climate prevailing in the area.

scholarly journals DNA Strand Break-Sensing Molecule Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Cooperates with p53 in Telomere Function, Chromosome Stability, and Tumor Suppression

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4046-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Min Tong ◽  
M. Prakash Hande ◽  
Peter M. Lansdorp ◽  
Zhao-Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Strand Break ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Li Fraumeni Syndrome ◽  
Dna Strand Break ◽  
Telomere Function ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mutant Cells

ABSTRACT Genomic instability is often caused by mutations in genes that are involved in DNA repair and/or cell cycle checkpoints, and it plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA strand break-sensing molecule that is involved in the response to DNA damage and the maintenance of telomere function and genomic stability. We report here that, compared to single-mutant cells, PARP and p53 double-mutant cells exhibit many severe chromosome aberrations, including a high degree of aneuploidy, fragmentations, and end-to-end fusions, which may be attributable to telomere dysfunction. While PARP−/− cells showed telomere shortening and p53−/− cells showed normal telomere length, inactivation of PARP in p53−/− cells surprisingly resulted in very long and heterogeneous telomeres, suggesting a functional interplay between PARP and p53 at the telomeres. Strikingly, PARP deficiency widens the tumor spectrum in mice deficient in p53, resulting in a high frequency of carcinomas in the mammary gland, lung, prostate, and skin, as well as brain tumors, reminiscent of Li-Fraumeni syndrome in humans. The enhanced tumorigenesis is likely to be caused by PARP deficiency, which facilitates the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes as demonstrated by a high rate of loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus in these tumors. These results indicate that PARP and p53 interact to maintain genome integrity and identify PARP as a cofactor for suppressing tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of coxsackieviruses A1, A19, A22, enteroviruses 113 and 104: viruses representing two clades with distinct tropism within enterovirus C

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1995-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Tokarz ◽  
Saddef Haq ◽  
Stephen Sameroff ◽  
Stephen R. C. Howie ◽  
W. Ian Lipkin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Capsid Region ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Coxsackieviruses (CV) A1, CV-A19 and CV-A22 have historically comprised a distinct phylogenetic clade within Enterovirus (EV) C. Several novel serotypes that are genetically similar to these three viruses have been recently discovered and characterized. Here, we report the coding sequence analysis of two genotypes of a previously uncharacterized serotype EV-C113 from Bangladesh and demonstrate that it is most similar to CV-A22 and EV-C116 within the capsid region. We sequenced novel genotypes of CV-A1, CV-A19 and CV-A22 from Bangladesh and observed a high rate of recombination within this group. We also report genomic analysis of the rarely reported EV-C104 circulating in the Gambia in 2009. All available EV-C104 sequences displayed a high degree of similarity within the structural genes but formed two clusters within the non-structural genes. One cluster included the recently reported EV-C117, suggesting an ancestral recombination between these two serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of all available complete genome sequences indicated the existence of two subgroups within this distinct Enterovirus C clade: one has been exclusively recovered from gastrointestinal samples, while the other cluster has been implicated in respiratory disease.

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