Ethylene Induced by Sound Stimulation Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin through Direct Upregulation of UDP-Glucose: Flavonoid 3-O-Glucosyltransferase

Global warming has resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin. Sound stimulation can be used as a potential method for enhancing fruit color development since many plants recognize sound vibration as an external stimulus and alter their physiological status in response to it. Sound stimulation (sine wave sound at 1000 Hz) enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells and berry skins in field-grown grapevines at the early stage of ripening. The transcription of UFGT and ACO2, which encode the key enzymes in anthocyanin and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated in grape cultured cells exposed to sound stimulation. In contrast, the transcription of MybA1 and NCED1, which encode a transcription factor for UFGT and a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, was not affected by the sound stimulation. A treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride, revered the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation by sound stimulation. As the promoter assay using a GUS reporter gene demonstrated that UFGT promoter was directly activated by the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon, which enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells, we conclude that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that sound stimulation contributes to alleviating poor coloration in berry skin as a novel and innovative practical technique in viticulture.

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Exogenous allantoin improves anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin at early stage of ripening

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 253 ◽

pp. 153253

Author(s):

Ayane Moriyama ◽

Masutoshi Nojiri ◽

Go Watanabe ◽

Shinichi Enoki ◽

Shunji Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Berry Skin

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Characterization of the ABA Receptor VlPYL1 That Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2018.00592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zhen Gao ◽

Qin Li ◽

Jing Li ◽

Yujin Chen ◽

Meng Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grape Berry ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Aba Receptor

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Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00478-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wanyun Ma ◽

Lili Xu ◽

Shiwei Gao ◽

Xingning Lyu ◽

Xiaolei Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽

Widely Targeted Metabolomics

AbstractThe interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear. Here, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin. Among them, 27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP. Most of the DAMs were secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and flavonols. Additionally, the accumulation of 25 DAMs was regulated by melatonin via ethylene. RNA-seq analysis indicated that melatonin primarily regulated the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via ethylene. Gene-metabolite association analysis showed that melatonin regulated the expression of the VvSTS1, VvF3H, VvLAR2, and VvDFR genes, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in regulating secondary metabolites in the skin; additionally, VvMYB14 and VvACS1 were suggested to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. Further experiments revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VvMYB14 and that VvMYB14 increased ethylene production by transcriptionally activating VvACS1, thereby affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Collectively, melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and alters secondary metabolite accumulation through the regulation of VvACS1 by VvMYB14.

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Postharvest light irradiation and appropriate temperature treatment increase anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.09.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Akifumi Azuma ◽

Hiroshi Yakushiji ◽

Akihiko Sato

Keyword(s):

Temperature Treatment ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Light Irradiation ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Berry Skin

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Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on quality, berry set and coloration of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ table grapes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zehra Babalık

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Colour Parameters ◽

Length Width ◽

Solids Content ◽

Berry Set

Abstract The effect of different concentrations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; 0 (control), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l), an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, on grape berry set and fruit quality was evaluated under vineyard conditions. Treatments were performed on ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ grape cultivar at full bloom stage for two years. Cluster and berry growth (length, width and weight), firmness, soluble solids content, yield, berry set, anthocyanin content and colour parameters were determined on treated and untreated (control) fruits. As a result of the study, the effects of AVG concentrations on firmness were not significant. When AVG applications were compared with control, it is determined that some quality properties were statistically affected, the others were not. Fruit set was increased by lower concentrations of AVG (250 mg/l) and anthocyanin content was increased by higher concentrations of AVG (750 mg/l).

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Root restriction affects anthocyanin accumulation and composition in berry skin of ‘Kyoho’ grape (Vitis vinifera L.×Vitis labrusca L.) during ripening

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2011.10.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Jianjun He ◽

Changqing Duan ◽

Xiuming Yu ◽

Lina Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Vitis Labrusca ◽

Berry Skin ◽

Root Restriction

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Experimental investigation of herpes simplex virus latency.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.10.3.419 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 419-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

E K Wagner ◽

D C Bloom

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Animal Models ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Early Stage ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Virus Latency ◽

Simplex Virus

The clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection generally involve a mild and localized primary infection followed by asymptomatic (latent) infection interrupted sporadically by periods of recrudescence (reactivation) where virus replication and associated cytopathologic findings are manifest at the site of initial infection. During the latent phase of infection, viral genomes, but not infectious virus itself, can be detected in sensory and autonomic neurons. The process of latent infection and reactivation has been subject to continuing investigation in animal models and, more recently, in cultured cells. The initiation and maintenance of latent infection in neurons are apparently passive phenomena in that no virus gene products need be expressed or are required. Despite this, a single latency-associated transcript (LAT) encoded by DNA encompassing about 6% of the viral genome is expressed during latent infection in a minority of neurons containing viral DNA. This transcript is spliced, and the intron derived from this splicing is stably maintained in the nucleus of neurons expressing it. Reactivation, which can be induced by stress and assayed in several animal models, is facilitated by the expression of LAT. Although the mechanism of action of LAT-mediated facilitation of reactivation is not clear, all available evidence argues against its involving the expression of a protein. Rather, the most consistent models of action involve LAT expression playing a cis-acting role in a very early stage of the reactivation process.

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Regulatory Potential of bHLH-Type Transcription Factors on the Road to Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 674

Author(s):

Tomoko Yamaguchi ◽

Yukio Kurihara ◽

Yuko Makita ◽

Emiko Okubo-Kurihara ◽

Ami Kageyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Time Course ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Early Stage ◽

Rubber Biosynthesis ◽

On The Road

Natural rubber is the main component of latex obtained from laticifer cells of Hevea brasiliensis. For improving rubber yield, it is essential to understand the genetic molecular mechanisms responsible for laticifer differentiation and rubber biosynthesis. Jasmonate enhances both secondary laticifer differentiation and rubber biosynthesis. Here, we carried out time-course RNA-seq analysis in suspension-cultured cells treated with methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) to characterize the gene expression profile. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the term “cell differentiation” was enriched in upregulated genes at 24 h after treatment, but inversely, the term was enriched in downregulated genes at 5 days, indicating that MeJA could induce cell differentiation at an early stage of the response. Jasmonate signaling is activated by MYC2, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)-type transcription factor (TF). The aim of this work was to find any links between transcriptomic changes after MeJA application and regulation by TFs. Using an in vitro binding assay, we traced candidate genes throughout the whole genome that were targeted by four bHLH TFs: Hb_MYC2-1, Hb_MYC2-2, Hb_bHLH1, and Hb_bHLH2. The latter two are highly expressed in laticifer cells. Their physical binding sites were found in the promoter regions of a variety of other TF genes, which are differentially expressed upon MeJA exposure, and rubber biogenesis-related genes including SRPP1 and REF3. These studies suggest the possibilities that Hb_MYC2-1 and Hb_MYC2-2 regulate cell differentiation and that Hb_bHLH1 and Hb_bHLH2 promote rubber biosynthesis. We expect that our findings will help to increase natural rubber yield through genetic control in the future.

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Exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interact with abscisic acid-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 147-157

Author(s):

Tomoki Hattori ◽

Yang Chen ◽

Shinichi Enoki ◽

Daisuke Igarashi ◽

Shunji Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Growing Season ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Berry Skins

AbstractBerry skin colour is a crucial determinant of red/black grape berry quality. We investigated the effects of combination treatments with amino acids and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation in grapes. Among the amino acids tested, isoleucine and phenylalanine resulted in high anthocyanin contents in grape cell cultures. The combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cells and detached grape berries. The combination treatment with isoleucine, but not with phenylalanine, and ABA upregulated MybA1 expression. Field-grown grapevines received combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and ABA in two growing seasons. In the 2015 growing season, the combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA accelerated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines on days 10 and 31 post treatment. The effects on anthocyanin accumulation became negligible at harvest. The effect of the combination treatment with phenylalanine and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation was masked in the 2017 growing season due to the unexpected stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation by the low concentration of ABA, although the combination treatment accelerated anthocyanin accumulation on days 3 and 10 post treatment. Taken together, the results suggested that exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interacted with ABA-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines when the activity of ABA used to treat the grapevines was inadequate.

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