scholarly journals Exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interact with abscisic acid-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Tomoki Hattori ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Shinichi Enoki ◽  
Daisuke Igarashi ◽  
Shunji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Berry Skins

AbstractBerry skin colour is a crucial determinant of red/black grape berry quality. We investigated the effects of combination treatments with amino acids and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation in grapes. Among the amino acids tested, isoleucine and phenylalanine resulted in high anthocyanin contents in grape cell cultures. The combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cells and detached grape berries. The combination treatment with isoleucine, but not with phenylalanine, and ABA upregulated MybA1 expression. Field-grown grapevines received combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and ABA in two growing seasons. In the 2015 growing season, the combination treatments with isoleucine or phenylalanine, and a low concentration of ABA accelerated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines on days 10 and 31 post treatment. The effects on anthocyanin accumulation became negligible at harvest. The effect of the combination treatment with phenylalanine and a low concentration of ABA on anthocyanin accumulation was masked in the 2017 growing season due to the unexpected stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation by the low concentration of ABA, although the combination treatment accelerated anthocyanin accumulation on days 3 and 10 post treatment. Taken together, the results suggested that exogenous isoleucine and phenylalanine interacted with ABA-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins of field-grown grapevines when the activity of ABA used to treat the grapevines was inadequate.

scholarly journals Rapid increase of SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin-based combination treatment: 55-62% normalization within 12-24 hours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C Stone ◽  
Pisirai Ndarukwa ◽  
David E Scheim ◽  
Barry M Dancis ◽  
Jerry Dancis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background. The emergence of COVID-19 in March 2020 challenged Zimbabwe to mount a response with limited medical facilities and therapeutic options. Ivermectin (IVM) had by then been safely used to treat a variety of human diseases affecting millions, as noted by the Nobel Committee in awarding its 2015 prize for medicine. Based upon early clinical indications of efficacy against COVID-19, IVM-based combination treatments were deployed to treat this infection in Zimbabwe.Methods. Data were retrospectively analyzed for 34 severe COVID-19 patients treated with IVM-based combination therapy between August 2020 and May 2021, for whom pre- and post-treatment SpO2 values were all recorded on room air. Mortality and deterioration outcomes were also analyzed for a larger set of 92 severe COVID-19 patients receiving IVM-based treatment.Results: For the 34-patient SpO2 tracking series, all but two patients had significantly increased SpO2 values after the first IVM dose, and all patients recovered. Mean increases in SpO2 as percentages of full normalization to SpO2=97 were 55.1% at +12 hours and 62.3% at +24 hours post-treatment. These results paralleled similar sharp increases in SpO2, all on room air, for a series of 24 RT-qPCR confirmed, mostly severe COVID-19 patients in the USA (California) who were given IVM combination treatment, all of whom recovered. For 19 of those patients having SpO2 ≤ 90 prior to IVM, the mean SpO2 normalization at +24 hours post-treatment was 65.2% as calculated from the SpO2 values reported. For our larger series of 92 severe COVID-19 patients in Zimbabwe, median age 53, only two died and two more deteriorated prior to recovery, far less than a predicted 7 deaths and 17 deteriorations for the demographics and risk factors of these patients.Conclusions. The rapid, marked increases in SpO2 for both the Zimbabwe and California patients stand in sharp contrast to the decline in SpO2 and associated pulmonary function following onset of moderate or severe COVID-19 symptoms under standard care. These rapid SpO2 increases and low mortality rates support extended deployment of IVM treatment for COVID-19, complementary to immunizations for prevention.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Rooting of Magnolia grandifloraCultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 503d-503
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Michael A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Root Quality

Cuttings from three southern magnolia cultivars, `Claudia Wannamaker', `Greenback™', and `Little Gem', were treated with KIBA, KNAA, and Hormodin #3, separately and in combination, at varying concentrations. The rooting of cuttings was cultivar-dependent, with `Greenback™' responding significantly to all the treatments. Only the high KNAA and combination treatments were effective with `Little Gem' and `Claudia Wannamaker'. The effect of KNAA on rooting with increasing concentration was significant. No similar response was observed with KIBA. The combination treatment with quick dip plus the talc formation produced the greatest rooting and root quality with the three cultivars. With this treatment, the average rooting rate of three cultivars was 67.4%, whereas the rooting rate of control plants was only 11.8%.

scholarly journals Combined Inhibition of TGF-β1-Induced EMT and PD-L1 Silencing Re-Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Sorafenib Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Ritu Shrestha ◽  
Prashanth Prithviraj ◽  
Kim R. Bridle ◽  
Darrell H. G. Crawford ◽  
Aparna Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Molecules ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Hcc Cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatic malignancy. HCC is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib is the standard first-line therapy in patients with advanced unresectable HCC. Despite the significant survival benefit in HCC patients post treatment with Sorafenib, many patients had progressive disease as a result of acquiring drug resistance. Circumventing resistance to Sorafenib by exploring and targeting possible molecular mechanisms and pathways is an area of active investigation worldwide. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process allowing epithelial cells to assume mesenchymal traits. HCC tumour cells undergo EMT to become immune evasive and develop resistance to Sorafenib treatment. Immune checkpoint molecules control immune escape in many tumours, including HCC. The aim of this study is to investigate whether combined inhibition of EMT and immune checkpoints can re-sensitise HCC to Sorafenib treatment. Post treatment with Sorafenib, HCC cells PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B were monitored for induction of EMT and immune checkpoint molecules using quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)- PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and motility assays. The effect of combination treatment with SB431542, a specific inhibitor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor kinase, and siRNA mediated knockdown of programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) on Sorafenib resistance was examined using a cell viability assay. We found that three days of Sorafenib treatment activated EMT with overexpression of TGF-β1 in both HCC cell lines. Following Sorafenib exposure, increase in the expression of PD-L1 and other immune checkpoints was observed. SB431542 blocked the TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HCC cells and also repressed PD-L1 expression. Likewise, knockdown of PD-L1 inhibited EMT. Moreover, the sensitivity of HCC cells to Sorafenib was enhanced by combining a blockade of EMT with SB431542 and knockdown of PD-L1 expression. Sorafenib-induced motility was attenuated with the combined treatment of SB431542 and PD-L1 knockdown. Our findings indicate that treatment with Sorafenib induces EMT and expression of immune checkpoint molecules, which contributes to Sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. Thus, the combination treatment strategy of inhibiting EMT and immune checkpoint molecules can re-sensitise HCC cells to Sorafenib.

scholarly journals Characterization of the ABA Receptor VlPYL1 That Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yujin Chen ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Berry ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Aba Receptor

scholarly journals Amino Acids as Gustatory Stimuli in the Rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Halpern ◽  
Rudy A. Bernard ◽  
Morley R. Kare
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

Neural activity in intact chorda tympani nerve of rats was studied with an electronic summator. Neural activity increased when amino acid solutions 0.01 M or above passed over the tongue. Response magnitude, at concentrations close to solubility limits for the amino acids tested, was: DL-methionine < DL-tryptophan < DL-valine < DL-alanine < glycine < 0.1 M NaCl. Maximum response magnitudes to 1 M D-, and 1.2 M DL-alanine, and 1.5 M glycine developed in 1 to 3 minutes. Following such stimulation, a 63 per cent reduction in response to 0.1 M NaCl occurred 60 minutes after the first stimulation (medians). The depression was still present 20 hours later. Responses to glycine and alanine were not depressed. Amino acids vs. water preferences were investigated. With ascending concentration sequences, rats selected low concentration DL- and L-alanine and glycine; accepted D-, L-, and DL-tryptophan and low concentration DL-methionine; and rejected high concentration glycine, DL-alanine, and DL-methionine. Descending sequences showed depressed and delayed selection of glycine and DL-alanine, and DL-methionine and D- and L-tryptophan rejection. Both groups rejected DL-valine. It is concluded that glycine and alanine receptor effects differ from those of NaCl, but that all three compounds may affect a common receptor site. Prior exposure to amino acids may modify subsequent neural and/or behavioral responses.

Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum YM-4-3: implications of suitable conditions for extending the shelf life of fermented soybean products

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5282-5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Jian Liu ◽  
Ming-Yue Luo ◽  
Qiang-Kun Li ◽  
Gang Deng ◽  
Xiao-Ran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Fermented Soybean

The shelf life of fermented soybean products is extended following combination treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum and low concentration sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Monitoring trans-Resveratrol in Grape Berry Skins During Ripening and in Corresponding Wines by HPLC

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeta I. Geana ◽  
◽  
Oana R. Dinca ◽  
Roxana E. Ionete ◽  
Victoria Artem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Skins

scholarly journals Effect of combined seasonal coverage on northern production of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch)

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Eivind Uleberg ◽  
Inger Martinussen ◽  
Ragnar Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Coverage ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Berry Quality

Two field trials with five strawberry cultivars planted on a woven black polyfibre ground cover sheet with or without translucent sheet plant coverage during winter and the growing season as combined treatments were started in 2004 and 2005. In total, nine different cultivars were included in the two fields. One early cv. ‘Polka’ and one late cv. ‘Korona’ acted as standard cultivars, while the other cultivars were new, named or labelled selections from Norwegian, Finnish and Swedish breeding programs. Winter survival, spring vigour, earliness, saleable and total berry yield, berry size and berry quality were registered for three years. The cultivars differed in earliness, berry size, yield (gram per plant) and total production (sum of all years). A combination of fibre sheet winter and spring coverage and more open net sheet harvest season coverage showed favourable results for overwintering, earliness and berry yield, and enhanced the ripening process in all cultivars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document