scholarly journals Altered Mucus Barrier Integrity and Increased Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice upon Loss of Telocyte Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signalling

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Vilcy Reyes Nicolás ◽  
Joannie M. Allaire ◽  
Alain B. Alfonso ◽  
Dianne Pupo Gómez ◽  
Véronique Pomerleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Mucus Barrier ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

FoxL1+-Telocytes (TCFoxL1+) are subepithelial cells that form a network underneath the epithelium. We have shown that without inflammatory stress, mice with loss of function in the BMP signalling pathway in TCFoxL1+ (BmpR1aΔFoxL1+) initiated colonic neoplasia. Although TCFoxL1+ are modulated in IBD patients, their specific role in this pathogenesis remains unclear. Thus, we investigated how the loss of BMP signalling in TCFoxL1+ influences the severity of inflammation and fosters epithelial recovery after inflammatory stress. BmpR1a was genetically ablated in mouse colonic TCFoxL1+. Experimental colitis was performed using a DSS challenge followed by recovery steps to assess wound healing. Physical barrier properties, including mucus composition and glycosylation, were assessed by alcian blue staining, immunofluorescences and RT-qPCR. We found that BmpR1aΔFoxL1+ mice had impaired mucus quality, and upon exposure to inflammatory challenges, they had increased susceptibility to experimental colitis and delayed healing. In addition, defective BMP signalling in TCFoxL1+ altered the functionality of goblet cells, thereby affecting mucosal structure and promoting bacterial invasion. Following inflammatory stress, TCFoxL1+ with impaired BMP signalling lose their homing signal for optimal distribution along the epithelium, which is critical in tissue regeneration after injury. Overall, our findings revealed key roles of BMP signalling in TCFoxL1+ in IBD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Complex Intratissue Microbiota Forms Biofilms in Periodontal Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Baek ◽  
S. Ji ◽  
Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Research

Periodontitis is caused by dysbiotic subgingival bacterial communities that may lead to increased bacterial invasion into gingival tissues. Although shifts in community structures associated with transition from health to periodontitis have been well characterized, the nature of bacteria present within the gingival tissue of periodontal lesions is not known. To characterize microbiota within tissues of periodontal lesions and compare them with plaque microbiota, gingival tissues and subgingival plaques were obtained from 7 patients with chronic periodontitis. A sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that species richness and diversity were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, intersubject variability of intratissue communities was smaller than that of plaque communities. In addition, when compared with the plaque communities, intratissue communities were characterized by decreased abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Fusobacteria and Chloroflexi. In particular, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were highly enriched within the tissue, composing 15% to 40% of the total bacteria. Furthermore, biofilms, as visualized by alcian blue staining and atomic force microscopy, were observed within the tissue where the degradation of connective tissue fibers was prominent. In conclusion, very complex bacterial communities exist in the form of biofilms within the gingival tissue of periodontal lesions, which potentially serve as a reservoir for persistent infection. This novel finding may prompt new research on therapeutic strategies to treat periodontitis.

scholarly journals LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN CHICKENS

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy G. Bang ◽  
Frederik B. Bang
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Nasal Fossa ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Histochemical Change ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis can be produced in chickens as an experimental model of severe nonfatal rhinitis and sinusitis. Inoculated intranasally into unanesthetized baby chicks it remains limited to the nasal fossa, produces acute desquamation of all nasal epithelia, results in functional recovery of the respiratory epithelium, but leaves important residual abnormalities. From the earliest recognizable lesions through 4½ months' convalescence, the principal changes are as follows: 1. Initial lesions, or small syncytia of intranuclear "inclusions", first identifiable in the mucociliated cells of the shallowest portion of the epithelium at about 21 hr postinoculum (the inner surface of the maxillary conchal scroll). 2. Acute sloughing, (about 3 to 7 days), marked by: (a) spread of lesions from cell to cell via multinucleated "giant cells" which progressively slough and desquamate respiratory, olfactory, and sinus epithelia, epithelial neural elements and blood vessels; (b) appearance of numbers of eosinophilic leukocytes along the basement membrane at the sites of lesions just previous to sloughing; intensive infiltration of the submucosa with small lymphocytes after sloughing begins; (c) histochemical change in the intracellular mucus of the cells which comprise the syncytia: this mucus stains with Alcian blue alone when stained with AB-PAS; and (d) all cartilages of the maxillary conchae become flaccid, and the cell nuclei and matrix lose both basophilic and Alcian blue staining properties, effects which recede by about the 8th day. 3. Repair (about 8 to 21 days), marked by rapid initial spread of a sheet of epithelial cells over the infiltrated subrmucosa, appearance of numbers of plasma cells circulating in the tissues, formation of encapsulated secondary nodules, and mucosal adhesions. 4. Convalescence (about 1 to 4½ months when experiments terminated), marked by functional restoration of the mucociliary lining of the nasal fossa. However, at 4½ months eight specimens all show complete metaplasia of the olfactory organ (end nerves, supporting cells, and glands of Bowman) to mucociliated epithelium, all show abnormal formation and alignment of mucous acini, and about 50% have severe persistent sinusitis.

scholarly journals Functional IRF3 deficiency in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Lykke Andersen ◽  
Nanna Mørk ◽  
Line S. Reinert ◽  
Emil Kofod-Olsen ◽  
Ryo Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Hsv 1

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in children has previously been linked to defects in type I interferon (IFN) production downstream of Toll-like receptor 3. Here, we describe a novel genetic etiology of HSE by identifying a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) gene, leading to autosomal dominant (AD) IRF3 deficiency by haploinsufficiency, in an adolescent female patient with HSE. IRF3 is activated by most pattern recognition receptors recognizing viral infections and plays an essential role in induction of type I IFN. The identified IRF3 R285Q amino acid substitution results in impaired IFN responses to HSV-1 infection and particularly impairs signaling through the TLR3–TRIF pathway. In addition, the R285Q mutant of IRF3 fails to become phosphorylated at S386 and undergo dimerization, and thus has impaired ability to activate transcription. Finally, transduction with WT IRF3 rescues the ability of patient fibroblasts to express IFN in response to HSV-1 infection. The identification of IRF3 deficiency in HSE provides the first description of a defect in an IFN-regulating transcription factor conferring increased susceptibility to a viral infection in the CNS in humans.

Histochemical observations on the tegumentary epithelium and interproglottidal glands of Moniezia expansa (Rud., 1805) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Howells ◽  
D. A. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Moniezia Expansa

Regional differences in the tegumentary tissue of Moniezia expansa, as revealed at the light-microscope level by histological and histochemical techniques, are described and evidence for secretory activity by the interproglottidal glands is presented.In very immature proglottides the interproglottidal glands are at the ‘precryptic’ stage. Gland cells may be differentiated from other tegumentary cells by their high RNA content and in certain gland cells the presence of an alcian blue staining material.In mature proglottides the glands consist of rosette-like clusters of cells around crypt-like intuckings of the tegument. Two types of cells are found in the gland, small alcian blue-staining cells which are most numerous in the neck region of the crypt, and larger cells, the predominant gland cells, which do not stain with alcian blue but possess non-specific esterase activity. No other tegumentary cells in Moniezia exhibit this activity. Esterase and phosphatase activity is found in the tegument and crypt of the glands and in the interproglottidal folds.The non-enzyme histochemistry confirms and extends the observations of previous workers.Cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were detected in the tegumentary cells and tegument. Very strong reactions were given in the neck and scolex, with a progressive diminution of activity posteriorly along the strobila. Very low activities were recorded in the tegument of the glands.

Dual action of sonic hedgehog on chondrocyte hypertrophy:retrovirus mediated ectopic sonic hedgehog expression in limb bud micromass culture induces novel cartilage nodules that are positive for alkaline phosphatase and type X collagen

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (21) ◽  
pp. 2691-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Stott ◽  
C.M. Chuong
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Type X Collagen ◽  
Chondrocyte Maturation

Members of the vertebrate hedgehog gene family (HH) are involved in patterning and modulation of differentiation. Recently it has been shown that ectopic expression of HH gene family members in vivo blocks chondrocyte maturation through activation of a parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) dependent negative regulatory loop in the perichondrium. However, the direct effect of HH on chondrocyte maturation has not been tested. Here, we studied the effect of retroviral overexpression of the chicken sonic hedgehog gene (Shh) on the growth and maturation of limb bud cells in micromass cultures. Shh is neither expressed nor required for the initiation of cellular condensation in normal micromass cultures. With Shh over-expression, micromass cultures developed novel tightly whorled nodules in addition to the normal Alcian Blue positive cartilage nodules. We characterized the new nodules and showed that they are strongly positive for alkaline phosphatase, enriched in type X collagen and weakly positive for Alcian Blue staining. Shh overexpression also increased cell proliferation, but this cannot account for the formation of the new nodules. This current study shows that misexpression of Shh in in vitro chondrogenic cultures promotes characteristics of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Thus HH has two complementary functions; a direct positive effect on chondrocyte hypertrophy in the absence of PTHrP pathway, and an indirect negative feedback loop through PTHrP to prevent other less differentiated chondrocytes from becoming hypertrophic. These two complementary actions of HH coordinate the progression of cartilage maturation.

Branching morphogenesis in the avian lung: electron microscopic studies using cationic dyes

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Betty C. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Interparticle Spacing ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Avian Lung

The developing chick lung was examined in the electron microscope for intimate cell contacts between epithelium and mesenchyme, discontinuities in the basal lamina and substructure of the basement membrane. Cell filopodia were seen which crossed the basal lamina from both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells. Ruthenium red and tannic acid staining of the basal lamina of the chick lung showed it to be thin and sometimes discontinuous at the tips compared to the more substantial basal lamina in the interbud areas. The bilaminar distribution of particles seen with ruthenium red is similar to those seen in the cornea and lens. With tannic acid staining, filaments could be seen which crossed the lamina lucida and connected with the lamina densa. Spikes perpendicular to the basal lamina were sometimes seen with a periodicity of approximately 110 nm. Alcian blue staining revealed structure similar to that seen by ruthenium red staining in the salivary and mammary glands, although the interparticle spacing was closer. Collagen was located in areas of morphogenetic stability, as has been seen by other investigators in different tissues. Collagen was coated with granules (probably proteoglycan) at periodic intervals when stained with ruthenium red. The fibrils were oriented circumferentially around the mesobronchus and were assumed to continue into the bud, but the fibres curve laterally at the middle of a bud. This orientation is opposite to that seen by another investigator in the mouse lung. In general, the observations made in the avian lung are similar to those seen in branching mammalian tissue. It is likely, therefore, that the chick lung uses strategies in its morphogenesis that are similar to those that have been elucidated previously in developing mammalian organs.

Thyroid Follicular Hyperplasia Associated With Massive Extracellular Mucin Deposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Nesa ◽  
Luca Poggi ◽  
Stefano Ferrero ◽  
Alessandro Del Gobbo
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Thyroid Parenchyma

Extensive extracellular mucin deposition is a rare pathological thyroid condition with 6 cases described in literature so far. We report another case of a 67-year-old woman, discussing histopathological features, and review the literature. Our findings showed a diffuse mucin deposition in the stromal compartment of thyroid parenchyma. Histochemical stainings showed positivity for Alcian blue staining, but not for periodic acid–Shiff staining. Our case is peculiar because this mucin deposition was associated with benign nodular hyperplasia, in contrast with the other 6 reports, which described the same stromal alterations associated with benign or malignant thyroid tumors.

scholarly journals Η χρήση του πεπτιδίου Ec της ισόμορφης IGF-1Ec στην επισκευή χόνδρινων βλαβών

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Αρμακόλας
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Invasion Assays

Το πεπτίδιο Ec (PEc) του IGF-1Ec (IGF-1Ec) επάγει την κινητοποίηση των ανθρωπίνων μεσεγχυματικών βλαστικών κυττάρων (hMSC) και ενεργοποιεί την εξωκυτταρική κινάση 1 και 2 (ERK 1/2) διαφόρων κυττάρων. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της επιδρασης του PEc στην κινητοποίηση και τη διαφοροποίηση των hMSCs, καθώς και η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής του σε συνδυασμό με τον TGF-β1 (TGF-β1) στην επιδιόρθωση του αρθρικού χόνδρου. Τα αποτελέσματα της εξωγενούς χορήγησης του ΡΕc και του ΤGF-β1, ξεχωριστά και σε συνδυασμό, σε hMSCs εκτιμήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας trypan blue assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, Alcian blue staining, wound healing assays και migration/invasion assays. Προσδιορίστηκε ότι το PEc εμπλέκεται στη διαδικασία διαφοροποίησης των hMSCs προς υαλώδη χόνδρο. Η χορήγηση PEc ή / και TGF-β1 σε hMSCs έδειξε συγκρίσιμη εναπόθεση χονδρικής θεμέλειας ουσίας. Ακόμα, η χορήγηση του ΡΕc σε συνδυασμό με τον ΤGF-β1 συσχετίστηκε με μια σημαντική αύξηση στην κινητοποίηση των hMSC σε σύγκριση με την χορήγηση μόνο του TGF-β1 ή του ΡEc (Ρ <0,05). Επομένως, το ΡΕc φαίνεται να διευκολύνει in vitro την κινητοποίηση των hMSC και την διαφοροποίηση τους προς χονδροκύτταρα, ενισχύοντας το ρόλο του ΤGF-β1.

scholarly journals Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue Staining for Regenerated tail of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Rakhmiyati Rakhmiyati ◽  
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Tail Regeneration ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Regenerate Tail ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Common House

Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is one of reptiles that have ability to autotomy their tails. Tail autotomy is a mechanism to protect it self from predators. After the tail broke, there will be wound healing on the tail which is then followed by a tail regeneration event. Original tail and regenerate tail is very different morphologically and anatomically. The original tail is composed of bones while the tail of the regenerate is composed of cartilage. Histochemical staining using Alizarin Red-S Alcian Blue was done to differentiate bone and cartilage. This method will stained bones red while the cartilage will stained blue.

Spatiotemporal patterns of fibronectin distribution during embryonic development

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Michael Melnick ◽  
Tina Jaskoll ◽  
Anna G. Brownell ◽  
Mary Macdougall ◽  
Conny Bessem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

It has been suggested that an extracellular matrix - and cell surface - associated glycoprotein, fibronectin, plays a role in the positioning of cells in morphogenesis and in the maintenance of orderly tissue organization. In the present study the appearance and distribution of fibronectin during in ovo chick limb development has been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence techniques in H.H. stages 20–30. Fibronectin is not detectable until just prior to the transition from the morphogenetic to the cytodifferentiation phase of development. Beginning at H.H. stage 25, successive nonrandom patterns of fibronectin detection and distribution, which resemble the subsequent cartilaginous elements, precede overt chondrogenesis as detected by Alcian blue staining. This corresponds to the onset of the cytodifferentiation phase of limb development. As the accumulation of acidic proteoglycan increases in the cartilage matrix and the mesenchymal cells become more round in appearance, the presence of detectable fibronectin decreases and is ultimately seen only in the perichondria and basement membrane. However, predigestion of developed cartilage tissue with testicular hyaluronidase, prior to fibronectin staining, indicated that fibronectin remains a major constituent of cartilage matrix and is apparently masked by cartilagespecific proteoglycans. This study of chick limb development is consistent with the hypothesis that fibronectin may be a molecule that facilitates the spatial organization of cartilaginous primordia cytodifferentiation.

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