scholarly journals Can Suboptimal Visual Environments Negatively Affect Children’s Cognitive Development?

Challenges ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Alexandros A. Lavdas ◽  
Nikos A. Salingaros
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Environmental Stimulation ◽  
Environmental Deprivation

There are indications that children born during the period of COVID-19 lockdown have cognitive development issues, without having been affected by the virus. We discuss here the idea that environmental deprivation—and, especially, the lack of appropriate visual stimulation—might be one source of these defects. This thought is in line with previous findings in children brought up in orphanages with poor environmental stimulation, hypothesizing that the minimalist architectural style prevailing for the last several decades is among the potential contributing factors. The process of eliminating organized complexity characteristic of organic forms may prove to be detrimental for humanity’s future, providing suboptimal environmental stimulation and opportunities for interaction during the critical stages of brain development.

Right-Left Discrimination in Younger and Older Children Measured with Two Tests Containing Stimuli on Different Abstraction Levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja H. Ofte ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Front View ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Two paper-and-pen tests, consisting of line drawings of human figures, viewed from the back, the front, or randomly alternating between back and front drawings, were used to study right-left discrimination in younger and older children. One test, called the Abstract test, had just a circle to indicate heads of the figures. The other test, called the Concrete test, showed facial characteristics and hair in the head circle. The sample consisted of 280 younger and older children, ages 7–8 and 12–13 years, respectively. The main findings were that participants who responded to the Concrete test solved more items correctly compared to those using the old figures in the Abstract test. The error scores did not differ between the tests. The older children solved more items correctly than the younger children. The older children also showed a significant decrease in correct scores on the subtest with the alternating views subtest compared with the other subtests. Their error scores did not differ across the subtests. The younger children solved a similar number of correct items on all subtests; however, they made significantly more errors on the subtest using the front view than on the other two subtests. The results are discussed in relation to theories of hemispheric lateralization, brain development, and cognitive development.

scholarly journals Buku Saku Pencegahan Stunting sebagai Alternatif Media dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Indah Purnama Sari ◽  
Inoy Trisnaini ◽  
Yustini Ardillah ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Post Test

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem that is caused by the lack of consumption of nutritious food in a long period of time, resulting in growth disorders in children, namely the length of the child is lower or shorter than the standard of age. Stunting on childrens has an impact on brain development disruption by delaying children's motor and cognitive development thereby reducing the quality of Indonesian human resources. The purpose of this activity was to increase the mother's nutritional knowledge in Seberang Ulu I District, Palembang through the provision and explanation of stunting pocket handbooks. The implementation of this activity was through home visits to every household that has a under two years. Knowledge test results showed a significant increase from pre-test and post-test means.  This activites showed that the pocket handbook was effective in increasing mother's nutritional knowledge (p<0,05).

scholarly journals Non-linear effects of socioeconomic status on brain development: associations between parental occupation, cortical thickness and language skills in childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budhachandra Khundrakpam ◽  
Suparna Choudhury ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Noor Al-Sharif ◽  
Neha Bhutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStudies have pointed to the role of the brain in mediating the effects of the social environment of the developing child on life outcomes. Since brain development involves nonlinear trajectories, these effects of the child’s social context will likely have age-related differential associations with the brain. However, there is still a dearth of integrative research investigating the interplay between neurodevelopmental trajectories, social milieu and life outcomes. We set out to fill this gap, focusing specifically on the role of socioeconomic status, SES (indexed by parental occupation) on brain and cognitive development by analyzing MRI scans from 757 typically-developing subjects (age = 3-21 years). We observed nonlinear interaction of age and SES on cortical thickness, specifically a significant positive association between SES and thickness around 9-13 years at several cortical regions. Using a moderated mediation model, we observed that cortical thickness mediated the link between SES and language abilities, and this mediation was moderated by ‘age’ in a quadratic pattern, indicating a pronounced SES-effect during early adolescence. Our results, drawn from cross-sectional data, provide a basis for further longitudinal studies to test whether early adolescence may be a sensitive time window for the impact of SES on brain and cognitive development.

scholarly journals Contributo da formação musical no desempenho académico e cognitivo de crianças e adolescentes

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Susana Azevedo ◽  
Joana Rato ◽  
Alexandre Castro Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Academic Search

Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar a literatura recente acerca da influência que o estudo da música pode exercer no desempenho académico em geral e na matemática; nas funções cognitivas; e na plasticidade cerebral. A revisão inclui estudos publicados entre 2007 e 2017, nas bases de dados PubMed e Complementary Index, Academic Search Complete, Education Source, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection e Science Direct, utilizando o descritor musical training, combinado com descritores ligados ao desempenho académico em geral e na matemática, academic achievement, mathematics e academic development, e desenvolvimento cognitivo, brain development e cognitive development. Os estudos foram selecionados de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estudos (i) publicados em jornais científicos revistos por pares, (ii) com crianças e adolescentes até aos 18 anos; (iii) que incluíram o treino musical nas suas componentes teórica e/ou instrumental. A relação entre a formação musical e o desempenho académico em geral e a matemática mostrou-se inconsistente, não existindo consenso na literatura acerca dos benefícios da primeira sobre a segunda. Foram encontrados benefícios cognitivos e evidências para a plasticidade cerebral estrutural, induzida pelo treino musical na primeira infância, tendo em consideração as diferenças encontradas no volume de massa cinzenta.

scholarly journals Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J Hagler ◽  
Sean N Hatton ◽  
Carolina Makowski ◽  
M Daniela Cornejo ◽  
Damien A Fair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
The United States ◽  
List Type ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Brain Microstructure ◽  
Atypical Development ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The ABCD Study is a collaborative effort, including a Coordinating Center, 21 data acquisition sites across the United States, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC). The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data will provide a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. Here, we describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by the ABCD DAIC in the centralized processing and extraction of neuroanatomical and functional imaging phenotypes. Neuroimaging processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI.HighlightsAn overview of the MRI processing pipeline for the ABCD StudyA discussion on the challenges of large, multisite population studiesA methodological reference for users of publicly shared data from the ABCD Study

scholarly journals THE PIONEER CONTRIBUTION OF LUIZ MARCELLINO DE OLIVEIRA TO EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHONIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION IN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elenice A. de Moraes Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Experimental Analysis Of Behavior ◽  
Electrophysiological Analysis ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Stimulation

Luiz Marcellino de Oliveira (1939-2008) had an influential participation in almost every moment of the history of the Department of Psychology and Education, FFCLRP, as well as at different moments of the history of the Brazilian Psychology. This paper examines issues related to his pioneer work as a teacher of experimental analysis of behavior and as a psychobiological investigator in Brazil. Emphasis is given to his dedication to the development of science and to the consolidation of a scientific approach to Psychology in Brazil at the level of teaching and of experimental investigation. He contributed with investigations on the effects of drugs and malnourishment on behavior and brain development, conducting experimental analysis of behavior and neurochemical and electrophysiological analysis of the nervous system of the malnourished organism, as well as putting emphasis on environmental stimulation as a valuable intervention. Both as a teacher and as a researcher he exerted a prime influence on numerous professionals and members of the academic community that during more than forty years had the privilege of benefiting from his friendship and knowledge. Keywords: Luiz Marcellino de Oliveira; experimental analysis of behavior; psychobiology; malnutrition; environmental stimulation. 

scholarly journals Didactic game for 5-6 years old children's cognitive development

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Jana Buboviča
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Contributing Factors

The article raised in 5-6 year-old children's cognitive development process and contributing factors. Emphasizes the didactic essence of the game and the importance of a child's life activities. It describes the structure and benefits of the child during the game. Target for updating the didactic significance of the game for 5-6 years old children's cognitive development in order to obtain a practical study, affirmative or negative information.A study conducted by demonstrating the usefulness of didactic games the child's cognitive development, for example, 69.3% of girls and 60.2% boys have mastered the ability to observe and explore, show curiosity and a desire to solve problems, demonstrate constructive thinking.

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