scholarly journals Development of Integrated Electrocoagulation-Sedimentation (IECS) in Continuous Mode for Turbidity and Color Removal

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Saret Bun ◽  
Penghour Hong ◽  
Nattawin Chawaloesphosiya ◽  
Sreynich Pang ◽  
Sreyla Vet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Resident Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Individual Condition ◽  
A Current

The present work focused on the development and evaluation of a compact electrocoagulation (EC) reactor, combined between EC and clarifier processes in continuous modes for decolorization and turbidity removal, named the integrated electrocoagulation-sedimentation reactor (IECS). The experiments were firstly conducted in the four-liter batch column in order to optimize the EC configuration and operation condition. The removal kinetics were also investigated and predicted for kinetic correlations. After various optimization steps, the IECS reactor was conducted, consisting of EC and clarifier compartments. Liquid flow pattern in EC compartment was examined through resident time distribution technique for defining the number of EC units and divided baffles. In summary, four units of EC were placed in the EC compartment of the IECS reactor with 90% in the width of three baffles. Each EC unit had two pairs of aluminum electrode plats in monopolar arrangement with a 1.5 cm gap and required a current density of 13.5 mA/cm2. For the clarifier compartment, it was mainly designed based on the batch settling test for separating the precipitated particles. The treatment performance of the IECS reactor was tested at different liquid flows in order to reduce the pollutant to a certain level. For the individual condition, liquid flow rates of 3 and 1 L/min were defined for turbidity and color, respectively. If both pollutants are presented simultaneously, a liquid flow rate of 1–2 L/min can be used for decreasing turbidity from 250 to <20 NTU and color from 6000 to <300 ADMI.

Investigation of the Motion of Bubbles in a Centrifugal Pump Impeller

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Stel ◽  
Edgar M. Ofuchi ◽  
Renzo H. G. Sabino ◽  
Felipe C. Ancajima ◽  
Dalton Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Impeller Speed ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Centrifugal Pump Impeller

Centrifugal pumps operate below their nominal capacity when handling gas–liquid flows. This problem is sensitive to many variables, such as the impeller speed and the liquid flow rate. Several works evaluate the effect of operating conditions in the pump performance, but few bring information about the associated gas–liquid flow dynamics. Studying the gas phase behavior, however, can help understanding why the pump performance is degraded depending on the operating condition. In this context, this paper presents a numerical and experimental study of the motion of bubbles in a centrifugal pump impeller. The casing and the impeller of a commercial pump were replaced by transparent components to allow evaluating the bubbles' trajectories through high-speed photography. The bubble motion was also evaluated with a numerical particle-tracking method. A good agreement between both approaches was found. The numerical model is explored to evaluate how the bubble trajectories are affected by variables such as the bubble diameter and the liquid flow rate. Results show that the displacement of bubbles in the impeller is hindered by an increase of their diameter and impeller speed but facilitated by an increase of the liquid flow rate. A force analysis to support understanding the pattern of the bubble trajectories was provided. This analysis should enlighten the readers about the dynamics leading to bubble coalescence inside an impeller channel, which is the main reason behind the performance degradation that pumps experience when operating with gas–liquid flows.

Absorption of oxygen into solutions of polymers

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Potůček ◽  
Jiří Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Newtonian Liquids

Absorption of oxygen into water and aqueous solutions of poly(acrylamides) was studied in an absorber with a wetted sphere. The effects of changes in the liquid flow rate and the polymer concentration on the liquid side mass transfer coefficient were examined. The results are expressed by correlations between dimensionless criteria modified for non-Newtonian liquids whose flow curve can be described by the Ostwald-de Waele model.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity on the foam dynamics for EOR application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rudyk ◽  
Sami Al-Khamisi ◽  
Yahya Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Total Flow Rate ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFactors limiting foam injection for EOR application are exceptionally low rock permeability and exceedingly high salinity of the formation water. In this regard, foam formation using internal olefin sulfonate is investigated over a wide salinity range (1, 5, 8, 10, and 12% NaCl) through 10 mD limestone. The relationships between pressure drop (dP), apparent viscosity, liquid flow rate, total flow rate, salinity, foam texture, and length of foam drops at the outlet used as an indicator of viscosity are studied. Foaming is observed up to 12% NaCl, compared to a maximum of 8% NaCl in similar core-flooding experiments with 50 mD limestone and 255 mD sandstone. Thus, the salinity limit of foam formation has increased significantly due to the low permeability, which can be explained by the fact that the narrow porous system acts like a membrane with smaller holes. Compared to the increasing dP reported for highly permeable rocks, dP linearly decreases in almost the entire range of gas fraction (fg) at 1–10% NaCl. As fg increases, dP at higher total flow rate is higher at all salinities, but the magnitude of dP controls the dependence of apparent viscosity on total flow rate. Low dP is measured at 1% and 10% NaCl, and high dP is measured at 5, 8, and 12% NaCl. In the case of low dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at higher total flow rate with increasing gas fraction, but similar at two total flow rates with increasing liquid flow rate. In the case of high dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at lower total flow rate, both with an increase in the gas fraction and with an increase in the liquid flow rate. A linear correlation is found between dP or apparent viscosity and liquid flow rate, which defines it as a governing factor of foam flow and can be considered when modeling foam flow.

scholarly journals Velocity bias in intrusive gas-liquid flow measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hohermuth ◽  
M. Kramer ◽  
S. Felder ◽  
D. Valero
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Bubble Velocity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Velocity Bias

AbstractGas–liquid flows occur in many natural environments such as breaking waves, river rapids and human-made systems, including nuclear reactors and water treatment or conveyance infrastructure. Such two-phase flows are commonly investigated using phase-detection intrusive probes, yielding velocities that are considered to be directly representative of bubble velocities. Using different state-of-the-art instruments and analysis algorithms, we show that bubble–probe interactions lead to an underestimation of the real bubble velocity due to surface tension. To overcome this velocity bias, a correction method is formulated based on a force balance on the bubble. The proposed methodology allows to assess the bubble–probe interaction bias for various types of gas-liquid flows and to recover the undisturbed real bubble velocity. We show that the velocity bias is strong in laboratory scale investigations and therefore may affect the extrapolation of results to full scale. The correction method increases the accuracy of bubble velocity estimations, thereby enabling a deeper understanding of fundamental gas-liquid flow processes.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows on Wetted Walls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Iso ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Transition ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wall Flows ◽  
Rivulet Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flows on the wall like liquid film flows, which are the so-called wetted wall flows, are observed in many industrial processes such as absorption, desorption, distillation and others. For the optimum design of packed columns widely used in those kind of processes, the accurate predictions of the details on the wetted wall flow behavior in packing elements are important, especially in order to enhance the mass transfer between the gas and liquid and to prevent flooding and channeling of the liquid flow. The present study focused on the effects of the change of liquid flow rate and the wall surface texture treatments on the characteristics of wetted wall flows which have the drastic flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow. In this paper, the three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation by using the volume of fluid (VOF) model is applied into wetted wall flows. Firstly, as one of new interesting findings in this paper, present results showed that the hysteresis of the flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow arose against the increasing or decreasing stages of the liquid flow rate. It was supposed that this transition phenomenon depends on the history of flow pattern as the change of curvature of interphase surface which leads to the surface tension. Additionally, the applicability and accuracy of the present numerical simulation were validated by using the existing experimental and theoretical studies with smooth wall surface. Secondary, referring to the texture geometry used in an industrial packing element, the present simulations showed that surface texture treatments added on the wall can improve the prevention of liquid channeling and can increase the wetted area.

New approach to maintaining liquid flow rate stability in national primary standard

2021 ◽  
pp. 101930
Author(s):  
N.I. Mikheev ◽  
V.M. Molochnikov ◽  
D.V. Kratirov ◽  
O.A. Dushina ◽  
A.A. Paereliy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
New Approach ◽  
National Primary Standard

The ukrainian state standard for the liquid flow rate unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
V. B. Bol’shakov ◽  
N. I. Kosach
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate

Simulation of Liquid-Gas Replacement in Commissioning Process for Large-Slope Crude Oil Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Shaojun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Oil Pipeline

Pipeline commissioning, which is a key link from engineering construction to production operation, is aim to fill an empty pipe by injecting water or oil to push air out of it. For a large-slope crude oil pipeline with great elevation differences, air is fairly easy to entrap at downward inclined parts. The entrapped air, which is also called air pocket, will cause considerable damage on pumps and pipes. The presence of it may also bring difficulties in tracking the location of the liquid head or the interface between oil and water. It is the accumulated air that needed to be exhausted in time during commissioning. This paper focuses on the simulation of liquid-gas replacement in commissioning process that only liquid flow rate exists while gas stays stagnant in the pipe and is demanded to be replaced by liquid. Few previous researches have been found yet in this area. Consequently, the flow in a V-section pipeline consisted of a downhill segment and a subsequent uphill one is used here for studying both the formation and exhaustion behaviors of the intake air. The existing two-fluid model and simplified non-pressure wave model for gas-liquid stratified flow are applied to performance the gas formation and accumulation. The exhausting process is deemed to be a period in which the elongated bubble (Taylor bubble) is fragmented into dispersed small bubbles. A mathematical model to account for gas entrainment into liquid slug is proposed, implemented and incorporated in a computational procedure. By taking into account the comprehensive effects of liquid flow rate, fluid properties, surface tension, and inclination angle, the characteristics of the air section such as the length, pressure and mass can be calculated accurately. The model was found to show satisfactory predictions when tested in a pipeline. The simulation studies can provide theoretical support and guidance for field engineering application, which are meanwhile capable of helping detect changes in parameters of gas section. Thus corresponding control measures can be adopted timely and appropriately in commissioning process.

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