scholarly journals A 4 × 4 Array of Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Label-Free Dielectric Spectroscopy

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Matko Martinic ◽  
Tomislav Markovic ◽  
Adrijan Baric ◽  
Bart Nauwelaers
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator

In this study, complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial structures are proposed for label-free dielectric spectroscopy of liquids in microplates. This novel combination of an array of sensors and microplates is readily scalable and thus offers a great potential for non-invasive, rapid, and label-free dielectric spectroscopy of liquids in large microplate arrays. The proposed array of sensors on a printed circuit board consists of a microstrip line coupled to four CSRRs in cascade with resonant frequencies ranging from 7 to 10 GHz, spaced around 1 GHz. The microwells were manufactured and bonded to the CSRR using polydimethylsiloxane, whose resonant frequency is dependent on a complex relative permittivity of the liquid loaded in the microwell. The individual microstrip lines with CSRRs were interconnected to the measurement equipment using two electronically controllable microwave switches, which enables microwave measurements of the 4 × 4 CSRR array using only a two-port measurement system. The 4 × 4 microwell sensor arrays were calibrated and evaluated using water-ethanol mixtures with different ethanol concentrations. The proposed measurement setup offers comparable results to ones obtained using a dielectric probe, confirming the potential of the planar sensor array for large-scale microplate experiments.

scholarly journals Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7779
Author(s):  
Cameron Rohan ◽  
Jacques Audet ◽  
Adrian Keating
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Impact

While wireless IOT modules can be made extremely compact, antennas typically protrude from the module, providing the potential to catch near moving/rotating equipment or transfer loads to the PCB through end forces, which can lead to failures. This work explores the use of split-ring resonator (SRR) designs to achieve a planar antenna with a maximum dimension less than a monopole working at the same frequency. The very narrow bandwidth of the SRR required detailed physical models to create printed circuit board (PCB)-based antenna designs that could be used at LoRa frequencies of 433 MHz and 915 MHz. Uncertainty analysis allowed for the impact of geometrical and physical tolerances on the resonant frequency to be evaluated. Nearfield and farfield measurements were performed allowing for the resonant frequency, directionality, and range of the antenna to be evaluated. An unbalanced SMA port was added to the SRR design to allow for the use of a network vector analyser to determine the input impedance of various designs. The optimum design achieved an input resistance of 44 Ω at a resonant frequency of 919 MHz, close to the target values (50 Ω at 915 MHz). Field measurements of the received signal strength from a planar antenna design indicated a gain of 5 dB over a conventional quarter-wave monopole antenna, in a footprint that was 40% smaller than the monopole.

scholarly journals Gain Improvement of Dual Band Antenna Based on Complementary Rectangular Split-Ring Resonator

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Ortiz ◽  
Francisco Falcone ◽  
Mario Sorolla
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Dual Band Antenna

A simple and successful dual band patch linear polarized rectangular antenna design is presented. The dual band antenna is designed etching a complementary rectangular split-ring resonator in the patch of a conventional rectangular patch antenna. Furthermore, a parametric study shows the influence of the location of the CSRR particle on the radiation characteristics of the dual band antenna. Going further, a miniaturization of the conventional rectangular patch antenna and an enhancement of the complementary split-ring resonator resonance gain versus the location of the CSRR on the patch are achieved. The dual band antenna design has been made feasible due to the quasistatic resonance property of the complementary split-ring resonators. The simulated results are compared with measured data and good agreement is reported.

scholarly journals A Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Patron ◽  
Yuqiao Liu ◽  
Kapil R. Dandekar
Keyword(s):  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Leaky Wave ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Leaky Wave Antenna ◽  
Wave Antenna ◽  
Varactor Diodes ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Pcb Manufacturing

Composite Right-/Left-Handed (CRLH) Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) are a class of radiating elements characterized by an electronically steerable radiation pattern. The design is comprised of a cascade of CRLH unit cells populated with varactor diodes. By varying the voltage across the varactor diodes, the antenna can steer its directional beam from broadside to backward and forward end-fire directions. In this paper, we discuss the design and experimental analysis of a miniaturized CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna for the 2.4 GHz WiFi band. The miniaturization is achieved by etching Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) underneath each CRLH unit cell. As opposed to the conventional LWA designs, we take advantage of a LWA layout that does not require thin interdigital capacitors; thus we significantly reduce the PCB manufacturing constraints required to achieve size reduction. The experimental results were compared with a nonminiaturized prototype in order to evaluate the differences in impedance and radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna is a significant achievement because it will enable CRLH LWAs to be a viable technology not only for wireless access points, but also potentially for mobile devices.

Miniaturized MIMO Antenna with Complementary Split Ring Resonators Loaded Superstrate for X-band Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthigaiveni S ◽  
R Pandeeswari ◽  
Deivalakshmi S
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
X Band

Abstract An aperture coupled two element metamaterial (MTM) antenna suitable for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications in the frequency band of 7.525-9.1GHz is proposed. This three-layered structure utilizes a vertical array of rectangular complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) between the contiguously placed circular non-bianisotropic complementary split ring resonator (NBCSRR) radiating elements for enhancement of isolation. This antenna achieves a maximum of 47dB isolation through this MNG structure insertion in the frequency band for 0.11 λ0 separation of the two antenna elements. The proposed antenna achieves a fractional -10dB impedance bandwidth of 18.94% and has a peak gain of 8.15dB. The efficiency of the antenna is 84.14% and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.03 in the operating band. The antenna is low profile with an overall size of 0.85 λ0 x 0.45 λ0 x 0.133 λ0 and is suitable for X-band military applications.

Passive Split Ring Resonator for Continuous Physiological Sensing Through Conductivity Measurements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Baker ◽  
Noah Shaw ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Resonator Structure ◽  
Radio Band

The Split Ring Resonator (SRR) has been developed and explored for a number of sensing technologies and devices. A SRR can be equivalently regarded as an LC circuit; changes in the dielectric environment will change the equivalent capacitance of the resonator, resulting in a shift of the resonant frequency as well as the quality factor (Q-factor).This makes the device a promising application for continuous personal health monitoring throughout the day. In this work, we are developing a passive radio frequency sensor based on ring resonator designs. The targeted frequency band is within 2.4–2.5GHz ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical radio band) and is available for medical devices. The resonator structure is first simulated using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method by CST Microwave Studio to determine the resonant frequency. Then for the experimental study, a microstrip transmission line with a double split ring resonator (DSRR) was fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) with biocompatible PVC coating on top. Tuning the thickness and material of the biocompatible coating can further improve the biocompatibility, Q-factor, and resulting sensitivity (mS) of the device. Reflection spectrum (S11) is measured using a network analyzer at 100 mW. The current design senses changes in conductivity down to 0.5 mS. By reducing coating thickness, reducing the spacing between resonators, and with more efficient resonator designs we expect to further improve this sensitivity. This sensor could be utilized by either implanted into the interstitial layer beneath the skin or embedded into a contact lens to sense tear salinity levels.

A Balanced Dual-Band BPF Based on C-CSRR with Improved Passband Selectivity

Frequenz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Qin Kun Xiao ◽  
Yan Ni Gan
Keyword(s):  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A balanced dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed by embedding two nested coupled complementary split-ring resonators (C-CSRRs) into a H-type balanced stepped-impedance slotline resonator in this paper. C-CSRR is composed of a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) with a pair of coupling slotlines in the open end, which can generate a bandpass response. In order to improve the passband selectivity further, source-load-coupled structure is employed. Moreover, it can be found that the proposed BPF has a wideband common-mode (CM) suppression, which is independent from the differential-mode (DM) passbands. Therefore, the design procedure can be significantly simplified. In order to validate its practicalbility, one balanced dual-band BPF is fabricated. The predicted results on S parameters are compared with the measured ones and a good agreement is found.

scholarly journals A Dual-Band Non-destructive Dielectric Measurement Sensor Based on Complementary Split-Ring Resonator

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Lu Gan ◽  
Qing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Potential Structure ◽  
Non Destructive

A dual-band non-destructive dielectric constant sensor based on the complementary split ring resonators is presented. The resonators for both bands use the complementary split ring structure of different sizes. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the resonating frequency and quality factor is dependent on the variation of dielectric constant and loss tangent, making it a potential structure for dielectric measurement. To search for the optimal thickness for measurement, parametric study is conducted and the retrieval expressions are obtained for both bands. The measured results indicate an accuracy of 1.5% in comparison with the data in the literature. In addition, the effect of air gap has been analyzed, showing that it is an important error source and eliminating such effect can improve the measurement accuracy.

scholarly journals A Novel SWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notches Based on Elliptical Slot and Rectangular Split Ring Resonators

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Saeed Ur Rahman ◽  
Qunsheng Cao ◽  
Ignacio Gil ◽  
Muhammad Irshad khan
Keyword(s):  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Swb Applications ◽  
Triple Band ◽  
Microstrip Feed

In this paper, a wideband antenna was designed for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed antenna was fed with a rectangular tapered microstrip feed line, which operated over a SWB frequency range (1.42 GHz to 50 GHz). The antenna was implemented at a compact size with electrical dimensions of 0.16 λ × 0.27 λ × 0.0047 λ mm3, where λ was with respect to the lowest resonance frequency. The proposed antenna prototype was fabricated on a F4B substrate, which had a permittivity of 2.65 and 1 mm thickness. The SWB antenna exhibited an impedance bandwidth of 189% and a bandwidth ratio of 35.2:1. Additionally, the proposed antenna design exhibited three band notch characteristics that were necessary to eradicate interference from WLAN, WiMAX, and X bands in the SWB range. One notch was achieved by etching an elliptical split ring resonator (ESRR) in the radiator and the other two notches were achieved by placing rectangular split ring resonators close to the signal line. The first notch was tuned by incorporating a varactor diode into the ESRR. The prototype was experimentally validated with, with notch and without notch characteristics for SWB applications. The experimental results showed good agreement with simulated results.

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