scholarly journals Current Management of Pleuropulmonary Blastoma: A Surgical Perspective

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Knight ◽  
Tristan Knight ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Andrew J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Pulmonary Cysts ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis

Pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPB) are pediatric, embryonal cancers of the lung parenchyma and pleural surfaces and are among the most common DICER1—related disorders. These tumors undergo evolution through several forms, allowing division into types I, Ir, II, and III, with correlates to the age of diagnosis and prognosis. We sought to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature describing the characteristics of these tumors and their multidisciplinary treatment, with an emphasis on surgical management. We describe the complementary roles of chemotherapy and surgery in the successful management of this disease. We discuss the timing of surgery and options for surgical approaches. We address the differentiation of PPB from congenital pulmonary airway malformation and the role of DICER1 testing for children with pulmonary cysts.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of mutated genes in megakaryocytic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amin Asnafi ◽  
Mohammad bagher Mohammadi ◽  
Hadi Rezaeeyan ◽  
Nader Davari ◽  
Najmaldin Saki
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Suppressor Genes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Platelet Disorders

Megakaryopoiesis is a process during which platelets that play a major role in hemostasis are produced due to differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytic precursors. Several genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, play a role in the regulation of this process. This study was conducted to investigate the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as well as their mutations during the megakaryopoiesis process, which can lead to megakaryocytic disorders. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1998-2019) of English language papers using the terms ‘Megakaryopoiesis’, ‘Mutation’, ‘oncogenes’, and ‘Tumor Suppressor’. According to investigations, several mutations occur in the genes implicated in megakaryopoiesis, which abnormally induce or inhibit megakaryocyte production, differentiation, and maturation, leading to platelet disorders. GATA-1 is one of the important genes in megakaryopoiesis and its mutations can be considered among the factors involved in the incidence of these disorders. Considering the essential role of these genes (such as GATA- 1) in megakaryopoiesis and the involvement of their mutations in platelet disorders, study and examination of these changes can be a positive step in the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases.

The miR-21 potential of serving as a biomarker for liver diseases in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of miR-29a in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications in Mechanisms and Theragnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Ya-Ling Yang ◽  
Yen-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Chia-Jung Li ◽  
Ying-Hsien Huang ◽  
Ming-Chao Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Growing Body

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most lethal human cancer globally. For advanced HCC, curable plan for advanced HCC is yet to be established, and the prognosis remains poor. The detail mechanisms underlying the progression of HCC tumorigenicity and the corruption of tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and inconclusive. A growing body of studies demonstrate microRNAs (miRs) are important regulators in the tumorigenicity and TME development. Notably, mounting evidences indicate miR-29a play a crucial role in exerting hepatoprotective effect on various types of stress and involved in the progression of HCC, which elucidates their potential theragnostic implications. In this review, we reviewed the advanced insights into the detail mechanisms by which miR-29a dictates carcinogenesis, epigenetic program, and metabolic adaptation, and implicated in the sponging activity of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and the TME components in the scenario of HCC. Furthermore, we highlighted its clinical significance in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the emerging therapeutics centered on the activation of miR-29a.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Properties of Cancer Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Gaël Runel ◽  
Noémie Lopez-Ramirez ◽  
Julien Chlasta ◽  
Ingrid Masse
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Surrounding Extracellular Matrix

Since the crucial role of the microenvironment has been highlighted, many studies have been focused on the role of biomechanics in cancer cell growth and the invasion of the surrounding environment. Despite the search in recent years for molecular biomarkers to try to classify and stratify cancers, much effort needs to be made to take account of morphological and nanomechanical parameters that could provide supplementary information concerning tissue complexity adaptation during cancer development. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix have actually been proposed as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present review first describes the main methods used to study the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Then, we address the nanomechanical description of cultured cancer cells and the crucial role of the cytoskeleton for biomechanics linked with cell morphology. Finally, we depict how studying interaction of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment is crucial to integrating biomechanical properties in our understanding of tumor growth and local invasion.

scholarly journals Role of Oral Antioxidant Supplementation in the Current Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4020
Author(s):  
Enrique Antonio Alfonso-Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Burggraaf-Sánchez de las Matas ◽  
Jorge Mataix Boronat ◽  
Julio César Molina Martín ◽  
Carmen Desco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Aged People

Oxidative stress has been postulated as an underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main cause of avoidable blindness in working-aged people. This review addressed the current daily clinical practice of DR and the role of antioxidants in this practice. A systematic review of the studies on antioxidant supplementation in DR patients was presented. Fifteen studies accomplished the inclusion criteria. The analysis of these studies concluded that antioxidant supplementation has a IIB level of recommendation in adult Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects without retinopathy or mild-to-moderate nonproliferative DR without diabetic macular oedema as a complementary therapy together with standard medical care.

scholarly journals A new approach about the digestion of fibers by ruminants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Marmo Moreira ◽  
Fernando de Paula Leonel ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira ◽  
José Carlos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Metallic Cations ◽  
Animal Sciences

The decisive role of metallic cations in the formation of supramolecular clusters involving lignin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose and its relationship to energy losses in ruminants associated with fibrous feed resources is still not well understood. Indeed, interactions between lignin, cellulose and metallic cations generate highly stable clusters that significantly decrease the capability of cellulase to break bonds between sugar units in order to facilitate the absorption of a great quantity of cellulose, which is ingested by ruminants as forage. Furthermore, several metallic cations cannot be absorbed as a consequence of the formation of coordinated ligations with the oxygen atoms of the lignocellulosic cluster. The loss of lignocellulose-metal clusters by ruminants is responsible for a substantial waste of nutrients, which is a significant problem in animal science. Moreover, the chemical structure of these relevant supramolecular systems is poorly understood. In the present review, we discussed this topic in detail in reference to relevant literature from the chemical and animal sciences in order to analyze the perspectives associated with the improvement of nutritional absorption from feed resources by ruminants.

scholarly journals The New Era of Three-Dimensional Histoarchitecture of the Human Endometrium

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Manako Yamaguchi ◽  
Kosuke Yoshihara ◽  
Nozomi Yachida ◽  
Kazuaki Suda ◽  
Ryo Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
New Era ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Uterine Glands

The histology of the endometrium has traditionally been established by observation of two-dimensional (2D) pathological sections. However, because human endometrial glands exhibit coiling and branching morphology, it is extremely difficult to obtain an entire image of the glands by 2D observation. In recent years, the development of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of serial pathological sections by computer and whole-mount imaging technology using tissue clearing methods with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy has enabled us to observe the 3D histoarchitecture of tissues. As a result, 3D imaging has revealed that human endometrial glands form a plexus network in the basalis, similar to the rhizome of grass, whereas mouse uterine glands are single branched tubular glands. This review summarizes the relevant literature on the 3D structure of mouse and human endometrium and discusses the significance of the rhizome structure in the human endometrium and the expected role of understanding the 3D tissue structure in future applications to systems biology.

scholarly journals Validation of a newly developed instrument establishing links between motivation and academic hardiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Spiridon Kamtsios ◽  
Evangelia Karagiannopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
Academic Hardiness

The purpose of the study was to establish the reliability, the structural and the convergent validity of the “Dimensions of Academic Hardiness Questionnaire” for late elementary school children. A sample of children (N = 1264) aged 10-12 years completed the questionnaire and the “Athens Coping Scale”. Multiple fit indices provided support that the 9-factor model had a good fit to the data. Reliability coefficients ranged from .68 to .83. The study provided also preliminary evidence of convergent validity of the “Dimensions of Academic Hardiness” scores with one theoretically related measure, the “Athens Coping Scale”. The results enrich the notion of Academic Hardiness in late elementary school children as the role of awareness and the role of children’s previous experiences has been distinguished. The relation between the “Dimensions of Academic Hardiness” and achievement goal orientations in children learning is also noted. These findings are discussed in the context of the relevant literature.

Irresectable tumours of the temporal bone

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Quiney ◽  
L. M. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Inaccessible Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Petrous Temporal Bone

AbstractSporadic case reports and the few published series of expanding lesions of the deep petrous temporal bone propose a variety of surgical approaches to ensure excision. All such surgery represents a compromise between exposure adequate for total removal and avoidance of further neurological deficit. Unfortunately pathology in the petrous apex evolves relatively silently and diagnosis is delayed. In many cases total excision is impossible. We present a series of patients presenting with advanced tumours of the deep petrous temporal bone in order to illustrate the spectrum of disease encountered, the limited role of surgery and the natural history of irresectable pathology in this remote and inaccessible area.

Role of Interventional Radiology in Children with Biliary and Gallbladder Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Anel Yakupovich ◽  
Shankar Rajeswaran ◽  
Jared Green ◽  
James S. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Gallbladder Diseases ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

AbstractBiliary and gallbladder diseases in infants and children often present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that require a fundamental understanding of notable biliary diseases and anatomical variations. Surgical and endoscopic approaches that are often the gold standard in adult biliary treatment may be technically challenging and are associated with a high morbidity that may warrant a multidisciplinary treatment approach. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of the biliary conditions where interventional radiology can play a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment. Differences in approach or technique between children and adults will be highlighted.

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