scholarly journals Sensor Applications in Agrifood Systems: Current Trends and Opportunities for Water Stewardship

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoum Tsolakis ◽  
Eirini Aivazidou ◽  
Jagjit Singh Srai
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Water Scarce

Growing global food demand and security concerns dictate the need for state-of-the-art food production technologies to increase farming efficiency. Concurrently, freshwater overexploitation in agriculture, especially in arid and water-scarce areas, emphasises the vital role of appropriate water-saving irrigations techniques to ensure natural resources sustainability in food supply networks. In line with the development of automated systems, the use of sensors for water monitoring, indicatively in the cases of smart farming or precision agriculture, could further promote the preservation of freshwater resources. To this end, this research first provides a review of sensor applications for improving sustainability in agrifood systems. We then focus on digital technologies applied for monitoring and assessing freshwater utilisation in the food commodities sector based on academic literature and real-world business evidence. A contextual map is developed for capturing the main technical, environmental and economic factors affecting the selection of sensors for water monitoring and stewardship during agricultural production. This first-effort framework, in terms of sensor-based freshwater monitoring, aims at supporting the agrifood system’s decision makers to identify the optimal sensor applications for improving sustainability and water efficiency in agricultural operations.

RESTRICTIONS OF EXTENSIVE PRODUCTION TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Food Insufficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization

Being over-dependent on imports, China has been faced with the problem of food insufficiency in recent years.This paper, with the adoption of the indicators of agricultural development and relevant models, aims to explore factors affecting food security in China, in particular, technological elements. The findings demonstrate that technology plays a vital role in improving food production. It is recommended to increase the input of science and technology and improve agricultural mechanization.

Aflatoxins biosynthesis, toxicity and intervention strategies: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Food Commodities

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are toxic products of fungal metabolism, associated with serious health consequences and substantial economic losses to agriculture, livestock and poultry sectors, particularly in the developing countries. This review outlines the current information on AFTs in terms of historical background, classification, relative occurrence and co-existence with other mycotoxins in various food commodities. The phenomenon of aflatoxin (AFT) biosynthesis has been elucidated with reference to molecular basis, genetic regulation and factors affecting the AFT production. Moreover, the in vivo disposition kinetics, toxicological action and toxico-pathological consequences of AFTs have also been highlighted. Currently employed strategies for the detection and detoxification of AFTs, biomarkers of exposure assessment, potential economic impact and regulatory considerations regarding the AFTs have been emphasized.

scholarly journals Analyzing Teachers’ Strategies for Motivating Students in Classroom at Primary Level: Students’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
Nusrat Nawaz Abbasi ◽  
Masood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Javed ◽  
Sabiha Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Female Teachers

The study was designed to analyze the teachers’ strategies for motivating students in classroom. The objectives of the study were; to find out the techniques of motivation for students learning achievement; to explore the students’ views about motivation; to evaluate the students’ views regarding teachers’ teaching style; to find out gender wise significance difference. The study was design for Bahawal Nagar district, so Bahawal Nagar were the population of the study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select sample. One hundred and thirty two (132) students were selected from selected schools in which 66 schools were male and 66 female. Self-constructed instrument on 4 point Likert scale was used to collect data. The major findings of the study were teachers motivate the students at primary level by adopting different techniques and strategies. The teachers’ behaviour, personality, teaching methodology and school environment are also factors affecting the students’ learning process. Immediate appreciation, rewards, punishment, reinforcement and encouragement play a vital role for motivating the students. It was also found that female teachers were used more motivational strategies to motivate the students in classroom as compared to male teachers.

scholarly journals A Case Study about the Use of Precision Agriculture Technology Applied to a Zn Biofortification Workflow for Grapevine Vitis vinifera cv Moscatel

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Diana Daccak ◽  
Inês Carmo Luís ◽  
Ana Coelho Marques ◽  
Ana Rita F. Coelho ◽  
Cláudia Campos Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Reduced Surface

As the human population is growing worldwide, the food demand is sharply increasing. Following this assumption, strategies to enhance the food production are being explored, namely, smart farming, for monitoring crops during the production cycle. In this study, a vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel located in Palmela (N 38°35′47.113′′ O 8°40′46.651) was submitted to a Zn biofortification workflow, through foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (at a concentration of 60% and 90%—900 g·ha−1 and 1350 g·ha−1, respectively). The field morphology and vigor of the vineyard was performed through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) images (assessed with altimetric measurement sensors), synchronized by GPS. Drainage capacity and slopes showed one-third of the field with reduced surface drainage and a maximum variation of 0.80 m between the extremes (almost flat), respectively. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values reflected a greater vigor in treated grapes with treatment SZn90 showing a higher value. These data were interpolated with mineral content, monitored with atomic absorption analysis (showing a 1.3-fold increase for the biofortification index). It was concluded that the used technologies furnishes specific target information in real time about the crops production.

scholarly journals Improving the economic efficiency of oil productionat the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Rustam N. Asmandiyarov ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Barkalov ◽  
Rail R. Galeev ◽  
Rustam R. Gumerov ◽  
Yuri A. Katkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Functional Teams ◽  
Short Time

Aim. As part of a large-scale business transformation, Gazprom Neft is implementing new approaches to improving economic efficiency. One of such approaches is the launch of the “Renovation” project program, the purpose of which is to achieve maximum profitability of the basic well stock. The article describes the results of the study and formation of a set of measures to improve the economic efficiency of oil production at the fields of Gazpromneft-Khantos. Materials and methods. The key feature of “Renovation” is that the goal setting and the formation of key performance indicators of project teams are made not from the previously achieved result, but from the potential. To do this, a detailed technical and economic analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of oil production is first carried out, and the potential for increasing profitability is determined. After that, hypotheses are worked out to increase the economic efficiency of production and a set of measures is formed to realize the identified potential. The cross-functional teams of the “Renovation” program projects are formed around the core-team that includes specialists in geology, development, production, engineering, energy management, economics and IT. This allows teams to solve non-standard tasks in a short time, in a complex way, without attracting external leverage, which is an absolute competitive advantage. Results. The program of optimization measures developed by the cross-functional team of the Renovation project will provide the potential for the growth of the profitability of Gazpromneft-Khantos in the period from 2021 to 2030. Conclusions. The article presents the developed and implemented cases on reducing operating costs in various areas — geology and reservoir engineering, energy efficiency, oil production technologies, downhole operations and hydraulic fracturing, oilfield chemistry.

Bridging the digital divide

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Vahid Aqili ◽  
Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Points Of View

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the digital divide has become a common metaphor originating from now nearly obsolete phrases such as “information have and have nots” and “information rich and information poor”. The article aims to focus on several dimensions of the digital divide that pertain to service as well as the responsibilities of libraries.Design/methodology/approachThis article places emphasis on the role of librarians and information professionals in bridging the digital divide by indicating some aspects related to it as evidenced in the literature including its definition, aspects, factors affecting, and internet users.FindingsLibraries are treated as one of the major social tools which can solve the information divide rooted in the digital divide and contribute to the realization of democratic society.Research limitations/implicationsThis article revolves around the authors' points of view. So, further studies, especially comparative research between developed and developing countries which vary in terms of digital divide rate, can help to understand the real role librarians and information professionals play.Practical implicationsRethinking the digital divide, librarians must redesign and redefine their service menu for their customers through thinking functionally. They also need to review the various IT devices and information services available and examine which can be employed to present a more effective library service. In addition, policy‐makers should consider the vital role that librarians can play in the realization of knowledge‐based society and sustainable development.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical basis for librarians to be more active and sedulous and policy‐makers to be vigilant and place much value for information sector and its professionals, particularly librarians working in various libraries.

IoT-Based Precision Agriculture System

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sarita Tripathy ◽  
Shaswati Patra
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Farm Vehicles ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The huge number of items associated with web is known as the internet of things. It is associated with worldwide data consisting of various components and different types of gadgets, sensors, and software, and a large variety of other instruments. A large number of applications that are required in the field of agriculture should implement methods that should be realistic and reliable. Precision agriculture practices in farming are more efficient than traditional farming techniques. Precision farming simultaneously analyzes data along with generating it by the use of sensors. The application areas include tracking of farm vehicles, monitoring of the livestock, observation of field, and monitoring of storage. This type of system is already being accepted and adopted in many countries. The modern method of smart farming has started utilizing the IoT for better and faster yield of crops. This chapter gives a review of the various IoT techniques used in smart farming.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Organizations’ Resistance to the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Supply Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeheon Choi ◽  
Chune Young Chung ◽  
Thou Seyha ◽  
Jason Young
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Barriers

From a supply chain perspective, new technologies such as blockchain can improve the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics and increase customer satisfaction. Although blockchain technology has been lauded as a way for firms to build sustainable supply chain networks, the rate of acceptance of this technology remains low. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the factors that discourage firms from merging blockchain with the supply chain. Instead of providing further reasons for adopting blockchain technology, we try to understand what deters firms from adding blockchain to their operations. Following the deductive approach, a confirmatory factor analysis is conducted on pre-test questionnaires to test, improve, and verify the constructs (questions) to measure the hypothesized factors. A theoretical model is proposed based on the hypotheses, and structural equation modeling is applied. The results are estimated using the partial least squares approach and a sample of 83 respondents. Our findings based on our empirical data support most of our hypotheses. We find that various factors impede the adoption of blockchain technologies, including technological barriers, constraints rooted in organizations and the environment, and system-related governmental barriers. In addition, various factors are critical determinants of resistance to blockchain in the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions.

scholarly journals A Study of Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skill and the Strategies for Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani ◽  
Narjes Banou Sabouri
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
Written Materials

<p>Reading comprehension is a significant skill that furthers the development of learners’ various academic tasks. It helps them decoding a text, analyzing, explaining, and expressing their own ideas about written materials. Learners should develop a strong ability to understand written materials to struggle with the academic tasks that their teachers deal with them. A primary objective of reading comprehension is to aid learners improve skills and comprehension of texts if they want to be skilled readers. In this review paper, the researchers define the term reading comprehension and reading strategies, elaborate previous findings about the relationship between reading strategies and reading comprehension skill, state factors affecting reading comprehension skill, explain the effective strategies for reading comprehension, and finally mention suggestions for improving reading comprehension skill. The findings of this review paper indicated that appropriate reading strategies play a vital role in improving EFL learners’ reading comprehension skill.</p>

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