Trans-Disciplinary Responses to Climate Change: Lessons from Rice-Based Systems in Asia

Climate change will continue to have a largely detrimental impact on the agricultural sector worldwide because of predicted rising temperatures, variable rainfall, and an increase in extreme weather events. Reduced crop yields will lead to higher food prices and increased hardship for low income populations, especially in urban areas. Action on climate change is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 13) and is linked to the Paris Climate Agreement. The research challenge posed by climate change is so complex that a trans-disciplinary response is required, one that brings together researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in networks where the lines between “research” and “development” become deliberately blurred. Fostering such networks will require researchers, throughout the world, not only to work across disciplines but also to pursue new South–North and South–South partnerships incorporating policy-makers and practitioners. We use our diverse research experiences to describe the emergence of such networks, such as the Direct Seeded Rice Consortium (DSRC) in South and Southeast Asia, and to identify lessons on how to facilitate and strengthen the development of trans-disciplinary responses to climate change.

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Anthropogenic climate change and health in the Global South

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease ◽

10.5588/ijtld.19.0267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 1243-1252

Author(s):

C. D. Butler ◽

I. C. Hanigan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Low Income ◽

Forced Migration ◽

Global South ◽

Food Prices ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Excessive Heat

This paper explores evidence relevant to the hypothesis that human-generated climate change (global warming) is already, and will increasingly, add to the existing burden of disadvantage experienced by populations in low-income countries, the ‘Global South'. Well recognised health manifestations of global warming include from heatwaves and other extreme weather events, changes to infectious disease patterns, and undernutrition, arising from higher food prices, reduced food availability and reduced nutrient concentrations of many foods. These effects have been called ‘primary' and ‘secondary'. Although these manifestations will have effects globally, their biggest impact on health is and will be upon poor and vulnerable populations in low-income settings. Also well recognised, manual labourers are increasingly vulnerable from excessive heat and humidity. There is less recognition that climate change interacts with social and political determinants of health, contributing to ‘tertiary' health consequences including conflict, forced migration and famine. In turn, these effects may deepen poverty traps in the Global South. Human-generated climate change is principally caused by the policies and lifestyles of populations in high-income countries (the Global North). The recent recognition by the British government that climate change is an emergency is encouraging, and may help motivate the widespread global behavioural changes that are needed to reduce the many risks from global warming, including to the people of the South.

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The Effect of Climate Change On Food Prices: OECD Case

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2017 ◽

10.36880/c09.01976 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Muammer Tekeoğlu ◽

Hakkı Çiftçi ◽

Erhan İşcan ◽

Duygu Serin Oktay

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Panel Cointegration ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Food Prices ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Emission Data ◽

Food Problem ◽

The One

Climate change has emerged as the most important problem of this century for the world. We can speak of many social, political and economic multi-dimensional impacts of the climate change on humankind. On the one hand, the cities are suffering due to unusual environmental activities, on the other hand the migration due to the degraded environment affect the regional economies. At the same time, climate change is triggering the health problems of the humankind along with the disappearance of many animal species. Similar to these there are many different issues and problems of the climate change. But one problem is differing from the others and this problem is the worst one that humankind ever met: the food problem. Throughout the ages the food problem turned into an economic problem because agriculture becomes an economic sector that produces food. The effects of climate change on agricultural sector have strong influence on world economy. The supply of food decreases with the more frequent extreme weather events. A lot of people have difficulties in getting food and income of the agricultural sector declines. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to this problem. Therefore, the relationship between food prices and CO2 emission was tested by using panel cointegration techniques. Analyze was done by using the annual CPI-food and CO2 emission data of selected 26 OECD countries. The empirical results indicated the effect of the climate change on food prices. In consequence of this effect the policymakers must set more efficient policies.

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Public Perceptions of Climate Change in the Peruvian Andes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2677

Author(s):

Adrian Brügger ◽

Robert Tobias ◽

Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Low Income ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

High Mountain ◽

Peruvian Andes ◽

Food Shortages ◽

Education Levels

How people subjectively perceive climate change strongly influences how they respond to its challenges. To date, relatively little is known about such perceptions in the Global South. This research examines public perceptions of climate change in the Peruvian Andes, a semi-arid high-mountain region that is highly exposed and vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change. Based on questionnaire data collected through face-to-face interviews (N = 1316), we found that respondents identify various climate-related issues as the most important challenges for their country. Many of these issues are related to water. Respondents also noticed more subtle changes and expected them to continue (e.g., extreme temperatures, food shortages). Climate impacts were clearly seen as negative, which was also reflected in the presence of emotions. When compared to previous research, more respondents had personally experienced extreme weather events (80%) and they were more certain that the climate is already changing, is caused by human activity, and is affecting distant and close places similarly. A comparison of the perceptions along different socioeconomic characteristics suggests that more vulnerable groups (e.g., rural, low income and education levels) tended to perceive climate change as more consequential, closer, and as a more natural (vs. anthropogenic) phenomenon than those from less vulnerable groups. The salience of water-related problems and personal experiences of climate-related events, as well as differences between various subgroups, could be used to improve measures to adapt to the consequences of climate change by correcting misconceptions of the population and of decisionmakers.

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Climate Change Trends and Impacts on California Agriculture: A Detailed Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8030025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Tapan Pathak ◽

Mahesh Maskey ◽

Jeffery Dahlberg ◽

Faith Kearns ◽

Khaled Bali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Detailed Review ◽

California Agriculture

California is a global leader in the agricultural sector and produces more than 400 types of commodities. The state produces over a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Despite being highly productive, current and future climate change poses many challenges to the agricultural sector. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge on historical and future trends in climate and their impacts on California agriculture. We present a synthesis of climate change impacts on California agriculture in the context of: (1) historic trends and projected changes in temperature, precipitation, snowpack, heat waves, drought, and flood events; and (2) consequent impacts on crop yields, chill hours, pests and diseases, and agricultural vulnerability to climate risks. Finally, we highlight important findings and directions for future research and implementation. The detailed review presented in this paper provides sufficient evidence that the climate in California has changed significantly and is expected to continue changing in the future, and justifies the urgency and importance of enhancing the adaptive capacity of agriculture and reducing vulnerability to climate change. Since agriculture in California is very diverse and each crop responds to climate differently, climate adaptation research should be locally focused along with effective stakeholder engagement and systematic outreach efforts for effective adoption and implementation. The expected readership of this paper includes local stakeholders, researchers, state and national agencies, and international communities interested in learning about climate change and California’s agriculture.

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Estimating the economic impacts of drought on agriculture through models and surveys in the Po river basin (Northern Italy)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iolanda Borzì ◽

Beatrice Monteleone ◽

Brunella Bonaccorso ◽

Mario Martina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

River Basin ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Growing Season ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Po River ◽

Po River Basin

Drought economic impacts, even if non-structural, are a significant threat for those sectors highly dependent on water resources. Agricultural production is highly sensitive to extreme weather events such as droughts and heatwaves. &#160;Climate change is expected to exacerbate the frequency and the severity of droughts, as stated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which raises concerns about food security for the next decades.The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that between 2005 and 2015, 83% of all drought-related losses were absorbed by agriculture. The huge monetary losses are mainly due to crop yield reduction because of high temperatures and reduced precipitation, which are linked to additional expenses for field irrigation.This study aims at estimating the economic impacts of drought on the agricultural sector. The investigation has been carried out for a specific case study area within the Po river basin (Northern Italy). The Po valley is the largest agricultural area in Italy and accounts for 35% of Italian agricultural production. It has experienced multiple droughts over the past 20 years, with the long and severe drought from 2003 to 2008 that caused relevant impacts to the agricultural sector. The total economic impact of the 2005-2007 drought was estimated to be around 1.850M&#8364;. Climate change projections over the Italian peninsula from the PRUDENCE regional experiments showed that the frequency and the severity of droughts in Northern Italy will increase in the next century due to a decrease in precipitation during critical crop growing seasons (spring and summer).The proposed methodology consists of two steps. At first, farmers have been subjected to surveys for assessing the monetary losses they experienced during past drought events and the cost associated with the mitigation strategies implemented to reduce the economic impacts of the extreme event, with special attention to irrigation practices.Secondly, the crop growing season and yields have been estimated using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM), calibrated with local yields retrieved from the Italian National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT) over the period from 2006 to 2020. Weather parameters for simulations in APSIM were derived from remote-sensing images. The comparison between the average growing season and the ones with low yields allows the identification of the crop growing stages that experienced stress. Among the identified stresses, the ones related to water shortages are considered. The economic costs associated with agricultural practices are computed to obtain an estimation of farmers' expenses. Besides, farmers' income is computed based on crop prices and simulated yield. The reduced income obtained by farmers during the previously identified water-related stresses represents their loss due to drought.Results reveal that the use of the developed methodology to identify drought stress in combination with the information coming from surveys helps in quickly assessing the economic impacts of past and present droughts in the Po river basin and represents a useful tool to evaluate which cultivations and which areas suffered the highest economic impacts of droughts.

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Influences of Extreme Precipitation on China’s Mining Industry

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6719

Author(s):

Yuanzhe Liu ◽

Wei Song

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic System ◽

Technical Progress ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Global Climate ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Labor Input ◽

Industrial Economic

Global climate change is increasingly influencing the economic system. With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the influences of climate change on the economic system are no longer limited to the agricultural sector, but extend to the industrial system. However, there is little research on the influences of climate change on industrial economic systems. Among the different sectors of the industrial economic system, the mining industry is more sensitive to the influences of climate change. Here, taking the mining industry as an example, we analyzed the influences of extreme precipitation on the mining industry using the trans-logarithm production function. In addition, the marginal output elasticity analysis method was employed to analyze the main factors influencing the mining industry. It was found that the mining investment in fixed assets, labor input, and technical progress could promote the development of the mining economy, while the extreme precipitation suppressed the growth of the mining industry. The increase in fixed asset investment and the technical progress could enhance the resistance of the mining industry to extreme precipitation, while there was no indication that labor input can reduce the influences of extreme precipitation.

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PALM-4U – A building-resolving microscale model to support future adaptation of cities in a changing urban climate

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8513 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Hettrich ◽

Björn Maronga ◽

Siegfried Raasch

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Quality ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Urban Areas ◽

City Planning ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Scientific Models ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Second Phase ◽

Microscale Model

In a world with increasing extreme weather events, such as dry or extreme rain periods, due to climate change and an ever growing population specifically in urban areas, a forsighted planning and adaption of cities and their urban surroundings is becoming more and more important. Here, particularly health and comfort of the urban population, such as thermal comfort, air quality, ventilation or UV exposure, but also other aspects like safety and environmental sustainability play an important role. In order to create the cities of tomorrow that meet the real requirements to host healthy and firendly living conditions, city planners are relying on scientific models where they can simulate how changes in the urban environment can effect its climate. The PALM-4U (Parallelised Large-Eddy Simulation Model for Urban Applications) model was specifically developed to be able to simulate a large variety of parameters on short timescales and at the high resolution that is required to resolve single buildings or obstacles like trees within the city.In September 2019, the second phase of the German research project MOSAIK (model-based city planning and application in climate change), a module within the large over-arching project [UC]&#178; (Urban Climate Under Change) that focusses on the further development of the model, has started.In this overview, we will present the PALM-4U&#8216;s current capabilities and outline the planned future development in the coming years like windbreak modelling, coupling with traffic flow models, including biogenic volatile organic compounds in urban air quality modelling. Furthermore, our PALM-4U community model strategy will be explained.

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Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Malaysia: Issues for Agricultural Sector

10.31219/osf.io/gjcd5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽

Chamhuri Siwar ◽

Basri Talib ◽

Mazlin Mokhtar ◽

Mohd Ekhwan bin Toriman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Agricultural Sustainability ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Adaptation Policy ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Agricultural Adaptation ◽

Adverse Impacts

Malaysia is one of the highly vulnerable countries due to climatic changes. Here the changes in climate factors cause adverse impacts on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability. To adapt to these changes a prudent adaptation policy is very important. Several countries follow different adaptation policy based on their localized socioeconomic and geographical status. While defining its adaptation policy, Malaysia also needs to consider several crucial factors. This study discusses issues relevant to the farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Malaysia and also provides few recommendations that will help policy makers to prepare the agricultural adaptation policy for climate change

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Underground Cities : Sustainable Urbanism of the Future

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1147.0882s819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S8) ◽

pp. 1754-1757

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Natural Catastrophes ◽

Weather Events ◽

Sustainable Urbanism ◽

The World ◽

High Precipitation ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Cities across the world are the main contributors to climate change but at the same time they are also the most vulnerable to its consequences. Some of the disastrous impacts of climate change include extreme weather events, periods of extreme heat and cold, high precipitation, floods, strong cyclones and storms. There is a need for urban design guidelines to effectively address the issues of climate chanbe and increase the resilience of cities. One way to adapt to this is through engineered infrastructure. Today nearly 70% of the world live in urban areas and in the next 20 years two billion more people are expected to move to the cities. With increasing urban densification land and buildable areas are going to become increasingly scarce. One possible solution is to build downwards instead of upwards. Underground areas are less susceptible to external influences and have the ability to better withstand natural catastrophes and hence can be sustainable solution for an unpredictable future. This paper will analyze the viability of underground cities through examples from history and existing case studies along with new upcoming proposals and probe how using underground spaces can increase the resilience of future cities

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RiceSAP: An Efficient Satellite-Based AquaCrop Platform for Rice Crop Monitoring and Yield Prediction on a Farm- to Regional-Scale

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10060858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 858 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Watcharee Veerakachen ◽

Mongkol Raksapatcharawong

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Processing System ◽

Mobile App ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Yield Prediction ◽

Crop Monitoring ◽

The Impact

Advanced technologies in the agricultural sector have been adopted as global trends in response to the impact of climate change on food sustainability. An ability to monitor and predict crop yields is imperative for effective agronomic decision making and better crop management. This work proposes RiceSAP, a satellite-based AquaCrop processing system for rice whose climatic input is derived from TERRA/MODIS-LST and FY-2/IR-rainfall products to provide crop monitoring and yield prediction services at regional-scale with no need for weather station. The yield prediction accuracy is significantly improved by our proposed recalibration algorithm on the simulated canopy cover (CC) using Sentinel-2 NDVI product. A developed mobile app provides an intuitive interface for collecting farm-scale inputs and providing timely feedbacks to farmers to make informed decisions. We show that RiceSAP could predict yields 2 months before harvest with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14.8%, in the experimental field. Further experiments on randomly selected 20 plots with various soil series showed comparable results with an average MAPE of 16.7%. Thus, this work is potentially applicable countrywide; and can be beneficial to all stakeholders in the entire rice supply chain for effective adaptation to climate change.

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