scholarly journals Conceptual Model for the Vulnerability Assessment of Springs in the Indian Himalayas

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Denzil Daniel ◽  
Aavudai Anandhi ◽  
Sumit Sen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Indian Himalayas

The Indian Himalayan Region is home to nearly 50 million people, more than 50% of whom are dependent on springs for their sustenance. Sustainable management of the nearly 3 million springs in the region requires a framework to identify the springs most vulnerable to change agents which can be biophysical or socio-economic, internal or external. In this study, we conceptualize vulnerability in the Indian Himalayan springs. By way of a systematic review of the published literature and synthesis of research findings, a scheme of identifying and quantifying these change agents (stressors) is presented. The stressors are then causally linked to the characteristics of the springs using indicators, and the resulting impact and responses are discussed. These components, viz., stressors, state, impact, and response, and the linkages are used in the conceptual framework to assess the vulnerability of springs. A case study adopting the proposed conceptual model is discussed for Mathamali spring in the Western Himalayas. The conceptual model encourages quantification of stressors and promotes a convergence to an evidence-based decision support system for the management of springs and the dependent ecosystems from the threat due to human development and climate change.

A review of intervention methods used to reduce flying-fox mortalities in heat stress events

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Matthew Mo ◽  
Mike Roache
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flying Fox

Heat stress events in Australian flying-fox camps have resulted in significant numbers of flying-fox deaths. The frequency and intensity of such events have increased in recent decades, attributed to anthropogenic climate change. Evidence-based interventions are required to address this growing threat. Responders currently use different combinations of a range of intervention methods. We undertook a systematic review of heat stress interventions, which we classified as either ‘camp-scale’ or ‘individual-scale’. Camp-scale interventions included manual and automated misting of roost vegetation, whereas individual-scale interventions included spraying individual animals or removing them for intensive cooling and rehydration procedures. Our study showed that to date, evaluation of the efficacy of heat stress interventions has been largely anecdotal rather than empirical. This highlights the need for dedicated rigorous studies to evaluate the effectiveness of all the intervention methods described here. It will be especially important to understand the relationship between camp temperature and humidity levels and their influence on flying-foxes’ ability to regulate their body temperature, because high relative humidity reduces the ability of mammals to cool themselves using evaporative heat loss. The development of biophysiological measures such as temperature and humidity indices for different flying-fox species would enable meaningful interpretations of intervention trials under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of the Drivers of Human Migration Patterns in the Presence of Climate Change: A New Conceptual Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Rebecca Parrish ◽  
Tim Colbourn ◽  
Paolo Lauriola ◽  
Giovanni Leonardi ◽  
Shakoor Hajat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
And Migration

Both climate change and migration present key concerns for global health progress. Despite this, a transparent method for identifying and understanding the relationship between climate change, migration and other contextual factors remains a knowledge gap. Existing conceptual models are useful in understanding the complexities of climate migration, but provide varying degrees of applicability to quantitative studies, resulting in non-homogenous transferability of knowledge in this important area. This paper attempts to provide a critical review of climate migration literature, as well as presenting a new conceptual model for the identification of the drivers of migration in the context of climate change. It focuses on the interactions and the dynamics of drivers over time, space and society. Through systematic, pan-disciplinary and homogenous application of theory to different geographical contexts, we aim to improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on migration. A brief case study of Malawi is provided to demonstrate how this global conceptual model can be applied into local contextual scenarios. In doing so, we hope to provide insights that help in the more homogenous applications of conceptual frameworks for this area and more generally.

scholarly journals Climate change, physical activity and sport: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paquito Bernard ◽  
Guillaume Chevance ◽  
Celia Kingsbury ◽  
Aurelie Baillot ◽  
Ahmed Jerome Romain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Information

BackgroundClimate change impacts are associated with dramatic consequences for human health and threaten physical activity (PA) behaviors.ObjectiveThe aims of this systematic review were to present the potential bidirectional associations between climate change impacts and PA behaviors in humans and to propose a synthesis of the literature through a conceptual model of climate change and PA. MethodsStudies published before October 2020, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus, GreenFILE, GeoRef, Scopus, JSTOR and Transportation Research Information Services. Studies examining the associations between PA domains and climate change (e.g., natural disasters, air pollution, carbon footprint) were included.ResultsA narrative synthesis was performed and the 74 identified articles were classified into 6 topics: air pollution and PA, extreme weather conditions and PA, greenhouse gas emissions and PA, carbon footprint among sport participants, natural disasters and PA and the future of PA and sport practices in a changing world. Then, a conceptual model was proposed to identify the multidimensional associations between climate change and PA as well as sport practices. Results indicated a consistent negative effect of air pollution, extreme temperatures and natural disasters on PA levels. This PA reduction is more severe in adults with chronic diseases, higher body mass index and the elderly. Sport and PA communities can play an important mitigating role in post-natural disaster contexts. However, transport related to sport practices is also a source of greenhouse gas emissions.ConclusionClimate change impacts affect PA at a worldwide scale. PA is observed to have both a mitigation and an amplification role toward climate changes.

scholarly journals Creating and Implementing Standardized Management Innovation in a Large Organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 227797792199194
Author(s):  
Esa Hiltunen ◽  
Outi-Maaria Palo-oja ◽  
Markus Perkkiö
Keyword(s):  
Change Agents ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Management Innovation ◽  
Large Organization ◽  
Large Company ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Telecommunications Company

Management innovation represents one of the most important and sustainable sources of competitive advantage due to its context-specific nature. Still, current academic literature on management innovation and standardization is slightly limited. This intensive case study explores management innovation in a large European telecommunications company with the focus on standardization in managerial practices. The research data were gathered through interviews with managers from different levels of the case company. The results show that highly standardized management innovation is effective for reaching a standard level of management in a large company; it is also a prerequisite for further systematic development. Research questions: The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how standardization emerges in management innovation in a large organization by studying the construction and conduction of a managerial toolkit in a European telecommunications company. Links to theory: The theoretical framework is based on a study of management innovations and related processes by Birkinshaw et al. (2008) and a standardization study by Wright, Wylie & Sturdy (2012) in which the tasks of an internal change agent were divided into “ standardizing agendas” and “ standardizing methods”. Phenomenon studied: Adoption process of a standardized management innovation in a large company. Case context: The case company is a large European telecommunications company which operates in a highly competitive market where organizational excellence is extremely beneficial. The case study focuses on the case company management innovation process for creating a “toolkit” for day-to-day management in the retail sales channel. Research findings: The research findings gathered through systematic combining approach show that standardized management innovation is an effective tool for implementing managerial best practices from management fashions into organizational standards. Through adapting these learnings systematically to managers’ individual work, the good “standard” level of managing can be achieved in a large-size company. Reaching these standards also appears as a prerequisite for a further systematic managerial development in the organization. Discussion: This study contributes to management innovation research by highlighting planning and coordination in introduction and successful adoption of standardized management innovation. Planning communications, setting achievable timeframes and choosing the right implementers are important aspects of implementation. Clear guidelines help employees understand the ideological background of management innovation, and close interaction between change agents and store managers promotes the adoption of management innovation. A standardized management toolkit is an effective tool for putting external leadership ideologies, known as management fashions, into practice in a large organization. However, practical implementation requires comprehensive communication and preferably internal recruitment of change agents.

Efficacy of interventions to improve public support for evidence based public health and climate change policy measures: a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Coleman ◽  
Rebecca Clifford ◽  
Catherine Hewitt ◽  
Jim McCambridge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Background Policies which reduce affordability and availability of alcohol are known to be effective in reducing alcohol harms. Public support is important in policy decision making and implementation, and it may be possible to intervene to improve public support for alcohol policy measures. This systematic review aims to explore the effects of interventions to increase public support for evidence based policy measures in relation to either public health or climate change, and to examine underpinning theory and content of effective interventions.Methods The electronic search strategy was built around the constructs "public support or opinion", "health or climate change policies" and "interventions". Backward and forward searching was conducted, and authors of included papers contacted. Studies were included if they aimed to intervene to improve public support for public health or climate change policy measures, were controlled trials, and targeted the general public.Results Sixteen studies were included in this review, of which 13 had sufficient data for inclusion in meta analyses. The pooled effect estimates for continuous and binary data both show improvements in public support for policy measures as a result of evaluated interventions. The pooled standardised mean difference (n=8 studies) is 0.13 (95% C.I. 0.08-0.17), and the pooled odds ratio (n=5 studies) is 1.72 (95% C.I. 1.33-2.21). Careful attention to message framing, with or without narrative persuasion, appears particularly important content for efficacious interventions.Conclusion This systematic review demonstrates the efficacy of interventions to improve public support for public health policies.

scholarly journals How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5168
Author(s):  
Giulio Fusco ◽  
Marta Melgiovanni ◽  
Donatella Porrini ◽  
Traci Michelle Ricciardo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Near Future

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a technologically innovative response to the challenges faced by agriculture due to climate change. Its implementation needs a change of mentality in the direction of an approach that takes into account how the increase in technologically induced productivity affects climate change. In the belief that the in-depth analysis conducted by scientific research plays a fundamental role, we explore the characteristics, actors, and pillars of CSA, examining both the scientific literature and financed projects. Specifically, through a systematic review of the literature we address both the application and barriers to implementation at a global level, and then we focus on a case study of the geographical distribution of CSA projects in Europe. Our results show a heterogeneous framework in which we can note discrepancies among countries. Finally, as conclusive remarks, we consider the type of policies that could be implemented to improve the diffusion of CSA in the near future.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model of Forces Driving the Introduction of a Sustainability Report in SMEs: Evidence from a Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Caputo ◽  
Stefania Veltri ◽  
Andrea Venturelli
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Organizational Capability ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sustainability Report

The paper aims to depict the forces responsible for an effective introduction of a sustainability report within SMEs. The paper’s aim is addressed employing the case study methodology. In detail an SME considered a best practice in introducing sustainability innovations has been selected and analyzed. The main outcome of the paper is to use the case study evidence to construct a conceptual model highlighting the forces that drive companies to introduce innovative sustainable management tools. The conceptual model emphasizes as driving forces the capability of the firm to engage with its stakeholders, together with some relevant managerial and organizational features. The adoption of sustainable management tools is the outcome of a strategic alignment of corporate and sustainable strategy, and of the organizational capability to carry on effectively social and environmental responsibility (SER) activities based on the firm’s SER critical dimensions.

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