scholarly journals The Assessment of Finishing Properties on the Mass per Unit Area, Pilling, Bursting Strength, and Wicking Behavior of Polyester Weft-Knitted Jersey Fabric

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Tufail Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Qamar Khan ◽  
Abdul Salam ◽  
Nafees Hassan ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Polyester Yarn ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Finish Treatment ◽  
Vertical Wicking ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
All Treatment

Finishes bring an alteration to the physical and comfort properties of the textiles. That’s why various finishes are used to impart various functionalities to the fabric surface. However, it may also affect some properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various finishes on pilling, mass per unit area, bursting strength, and wicking behavior of the polyester weft-knitted jersey fabric. Herein, 100% spun polyester weft-knitted plain jersey fabric was exposed to different finish treatments to check their effect on the some physical and comfort properties of the fabric like mass per unit area, pilling behavior, bursting strength, and wicking properties of the weft-knitted jersey fabric. The fabric used was knit from 24/1, 100% spun polyester yarn on the single knit circular knitting machine. The developed fabric was washed on Fong machine. Finishes are applied on fabric by “Monofort Stanter” machine. The resultant fabric was characterized by random tumble pilling tester, bursting strength tester, and wicking tester to analyze their pilling grade, bursting strength, and wicking behavior respectively. A significant increase has been found in wicking behavior, mass per unit area, and bursting strength of the fabric after finishing treatments. Moreover, the wicking finish shows the highest reduction in pilling grade from 3.5 to 2.5. Significant improvement has been observed in bursting strength by all finish’s treatment. However, wicking finish treatment results in the highest increase in bursting strength of 4.2%. Significant improvement has been observed in the vertical wicking speed of all treatment except silicon finish which significantly reduces vertical wicking rate. However, the wicking finish (Recipe E) shows the highest increase in wicking rate by 13.75 times as compared to grey fabric.

Investigating the effect of raising on the sound absorption behavior of polyester woven fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5119-5129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Suvari ◽  
Yasemin Dulek
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Solid Volume Fraction ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Fabric Surface

This work presents the results of efforts focused on the development of sound absorptive woven fabrics by the raising process. Four woven fabrics with rib and basket weave patterns were produced for the raising process. Micro-fiber-based polyester weft yarns were used in one set of rib and basket weave fabrics, while weft yarns comprising regular polyester fibers were used in the other set. Fabrics were subjected to dyeing and heat setting prior to the raising process. Fabrics were then passed one to three times through the raising unit in order to obtain fabrics with different voluminous characteristics and different quantities of fiber ends on the fabric surface. The mass per unit area, thickness, air permeability, and sound absorption coefficient of the fabrics were measured and surface images of the fabrics were taken. The solid volume fraction and airflow resistivity of the fabrics decreased significantly after the first and second raising passes. Increasing the number of raising passes up to two passes resulted in higher sound absorption (average increment of 20% at 5 kHz) in the higher frequencies at the expense of that in the lower frequencies. Sound absorption change beyond two passes was insignificant, though. The results demonstrated that raised fabrics having a lower solid volume fraction and airflow resistivity had better acoustical properties in the higher frequency region.

scholarly journals Thermal Absorptivity Model of Knitted Rib Fabric and its Experimental Verification

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Elahi Mangat ◽  
Lubos Hes ◽  
Vladimir Bajzik ◽  
Adnan Mazari
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Polyester Yarn ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Thermal Absorptivity

Abstract Thermal absorptivity is an indicator of warm and cool feeling of textile materials. An equation based on thermal absorptivity of polyester in solid form, porosity of a fabric, and relative contact area of human skin and fabric surface has been developed to characterize thermal absorptivity of fabric. For verification of suggested model, 15 knitted rib fabrics were produced using 100% polyester yarn and having different surface profile. ALAMBETA semiautomatic non-destructive instrument has been used for measuring the effective thermal absorptivity of knitted rib fabric. It was found that the suggested simple theoretical model exhibits significant agreement with the measured thermal absorptivity values of knitted rib fabric, which endorsed the approach applied.

scholarly journals Effects of the Laundering Process on Dimensional and Physical Properties of Plain and Lacoste Fabrics Made from Modal/combed Cotton Blended Yarns

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Çoruh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
Loose Medium

In this study, dimensional and some physical properties of plain (single jersey) and lacoste knitted fabrics made from 50/50 modal/combed cotton blended yarns (tex 21 and 15) were investigated. Twelve weft knitted fabrics were produced with two different structures and three different densities (loose, medium, tight). For physical properties, the fabric weight per unit area, fabric thickness, bursting strength, air permeability and dimensional stability were evaluated. We focused on the dimensional stability properties of outwear knitted fabrics. The total dimensional change of the fabric’s dimensions and structural properties were measured and evaluated after ten washing cycles and then flat dried. The results show that the weight per unit area, thickness, air permeability and dimensional stability values are independent of the yarn linear density, fabric structure and fabric density. Statistically evaluated using Design Expert Analysis of variance (ANOVA) software 6.06., test results show that dimensional stability is mostly effective for the bursting strength, air permeability and fabric weight per unit area.

Using a Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model With Expectation Maximization to Identify Characteristic Bursting Strength in Woven Hemp Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh N. Gaither ◽  
C. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Expectation Maximization ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Elastic Range ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Data Point ◽  
Fabric Surface

This paper proposes to identify the strength characteristics for a particular woven hemp fabric from a collection of data representing the strengths derived from bursting strength testing based on moisture content. The Ball Bursting Strength Test, D3787 and ASTM 6797, define the size of puncture tool and the speed of force application for the bursting test procedure. The bursting strength test is a method of defining the strength of a woven fabric in two directions simultaneously given a single force perpendicular to the fabric surface. Plotting the resultant bursting force against the apparent modulus of elasticity for each sample, sets the variance in strength for the elastic range against the variance for the elastic range. The amount of variance of any particular data point from an overall group mean will help identify its association with a group of data points all belonging to a common family of test samples. Recognizing that a particular data point is likely to belong to a group of data points and less likely to belong to another group of data points given the parameters of variance and mean for any group of points, is the function of the Gaussian Mixture Model with Expectation Maximization (GMMEM).

Effects of Irrigation, Mulch and N-Fertilizers on Yield Components of Arabica Coffee in Kenya

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
All Treatment

SUMMARYIrrigation, mulch and N-fertilizers increased the yield of fresh fruit/tree by 66 per cent due to increases of 42 per cent in the number of fruiting nodes/tree, 14 per cent in number of fruits/node and 15 per cent in fresh weight/fruit; these three yield components accounted for 42, 13 and 6 per cent of the variation in yield among all treatment combinations. Bean/fruit weight ratios and times of flowering were not affected. Correlations between yield components were positive, suggesting that still more nodes could be produced per tree and per unit area before physiological limits to yield were reached.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Reconstruction of Objects from their Projections Using Orthogonal Functions

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
Elrnar Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Object A ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Spatial Density Distribution

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.

Morphometric SEM study of the effects of ACTH on endothelial fenestrae in the rat adrenal cortex

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
J. Curtis ◽  
K. S. Schwartz ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Saline Vehicle ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was made of the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the size and numbers of fenestrae/unit area in the capillary endothelium of the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the rat adrenal. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cholesterol uptake via high density lipoproteins in the rat and evidence for the secretion of glucocorticoids by exocytosis of lipid droplets described by Rhodin suggest that endothelial change may accompany these transport phenomena.Twelve rats received two Dexamethasone (DEX) ip injections (25 μg DEX/100 g body wt.), the first at 8 PM and the second at 8 AM the next day, to inhibit the release of endogenous ACTH by the anterior pituitary. The animals were then divided into two groups. Six animals received only saline vehicle and six rats received ACTH (100 ng/100 g body wt.).

The Application of Protein A-Gold Immunocytochemistry to Studies of Protein Secretion

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
George H. Herbener ◽  
Antonio Nanci ◽  
Moise Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Section ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Gold Complex ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Antigenic Sites

Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry is a two-step, post-embedding labeling procedure which may be applied to tissue sections to localize intra- and extracellular proteins. The key requisite for immunocytochemistry is the availability of the appropriate antibody to react in an immune response with the antigenic sites on the protein of interest. During the second step, protein A-gold complex is reacted with the antibody. This is a non- specific reaction in that protein A will combine with most IgG antibodies. The ‘label’ visualized in the electron microscope is colloidal gold. Since labeling is restricted to the surface of the tissue section and since colloidal gold is particulate, labeling density, i.e., the number of gold particles per unit area of tissue section, may be quantitated with ease and accuracy.

Maximum Interlabial Pressures in Normal Speakers

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Hinton ◽  
Winston M. C. Arokiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
Muscle Contractile

It has been hypothesized that typical speech movements do not involve large muscular forces and that normal speakers use less than 20% of the maximum orofacial muscle contractile forces that are available (e.g., Amerman, 1993; Barlow & Abbs, 1984; Barlow & Netsell, 1986; DePaul & Brooks, 1993). However, no direct evidence for this hypothesis has been provided. This study investigated the percentage of maximum interlabial contact pressures (force per unit area) typically used during speech production. The primary conclusion of this study is that normal speakers typically use less than 20% of the available interlabial contact pressure, whether or not the jaw contributes to bilabial closure. Production of the phone [p] at conversational rate and intensity generated an average of 10.56% of maximum available interlabial pressure (MILP) when jaw movement was not restricted and 14.62% when jaw movement was eliminated.

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