Evaluation of Surface Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Dental Composites

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface and in vitro cytotoxicity on human dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) of four commercial resins-based dental composites commonly used in prosthodontics dental therapies: two indirect composites for crown and bridges—SR Adoro (IvoclarVivadent GmbH) and Solidex (Shofu Dental GmbH); and two dual-curing luting resin cements—RelyxUnicem (3M ESPE Dental Products) and Variolink Esthetic DC (IvoclarVivadentGmbH). A complex assessment of surface characteristics of the four materials was conducted before and after the exposure to artificial saliva through various analyses, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Cross Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). The results showed that DOK viability was not severely affected by exposure to any of these materials; however, Variolink expressed higher values but still above the toxicity level of the rest of the composites. The analysis of the surface structure between initial and artificial saliva exposed specimens returned a compact aspect in both categories and although Variolink and Relyx were subjected to increased roughness after saliva exposure, no damage of the internal compactness was recorded, demonstrating a fair behavior of the luting cements in contact with the saliva.

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Stability of Dental Composites in Water and Artificial Saliva

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.20.2.5351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Antarinia Craciun ◽

Doina Prodan ◽

Mariana Constantiniuc ◽

Ana Ispas ◽

Miuta Filip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Resin Cement ◽

The Other ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Sem Images ◽

Two Samples ◽

Dual Curing

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the characteristics of four commercial dental composites: two dual-curing luting resin cements and two indirect composites for crowns and bridges. The novelty of the study consists in the use of combined characterization methods for the investigated materials, namely: after maintaining the samples in the water/ artificial saliva, besides sorption, the surface degradation of the samples was observed after their immersion period; thereafter, the immersion medium was lyophilized and then the percentage of residual monomer found in the medium was determined by HPLC. After 44 days, small concentrations of monomers have been determined in the aqueous/saliva extracts. SEM images show that the samples from each class of material, with a higher content of inorganic filler, exhibit a larger erosion of the surfaces after contact with water compared to the other two samples that show a larger erosion of surfaces after contact with saliva than with water. The surface of the dual-curing resin cement with a higher content of inorganic filler is the smoothest from the samples exposed to saliva, instead the other resin cement is the roughest, as shown by AFM analysis. The overall observation reveals that the samples kept in saliva are rougher than the ones kept in water. Smooth surface materials of both classes of materials ( with a higher content of inorganic filler) have absorbed a higher amount of water / saliva compared to materials with a rougher surface.Water sorption in the composite resins is influenced by the hydrophilicity of the monomers, the nature and size of the inorganic filler particles, and the quality of the matrix / filler interface.

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Influence of Biocompatible Coating on Titanium Surface Characteristics

10.20944/preprints202004.0396.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Željka Petrović ◽

Jozefina Katić ◽

Ankica Šarić ◽

Ines Despotović ◽

Nives Matijaković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Calcium Phosphates ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Corrosion Stability ◽

Assembly Method

Background: Nowadays investigations in the field of dental implants engineering are focused on bioactivity and osseointegration properties.Objective: In this study, the oxide-covered titanium was functionalized by vitamin D3 molecules via a simple self-assembly method with the aim to design more corrosion resistant and at the same time more bioactive surface.Methods: Surface properties of the D3-coated titanium were examined by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, while a long-term corrosion stability during immersion in an artificial saliva solution was investigated in situ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Results: Results of all techniques confirmed a successful formation of the D3 vitamin layer on the oxide-covered titanium. Besides very good corrosion resistivity (~5 MΩcm2 ) the D3-modified titanium surface induced spontaneous formation of biocompatible bone-like calcium phosphates (CaP).Conclusion: Observed in vitro CaP-forming ability as a result of D3-modified titanium/artificial saliva interactions could serve as a promising predictor of in vivo bioactivity of implant materials.

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Evaluation of the water sorption of luting cements in different solutions

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Alma Gavranović-Glamoč ◽

Muhamed Ajanović ◽

Samra Korać ◽

Selma Zukić ◽

Sanela Strujić-Porović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Sorption ◽

Ph Value ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Three Solutions ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Hydrophilic Matrix ◽

Luting Cements ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Before And After

<div class="WordSection1">Objective. To evaluate and compare the water sorption of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0). Materials and methods. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens - 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The water sorptions of the cements were calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. Results. Nonparametric statistic methods were applied. GC Fuji Plus cement showed significantly higher values of water sorption in all three solutions of both resin cements (p<0.009) and significantly higher values of sorption in artificial saliva pH 3.0. Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of water sorption compared with Variolink II in artificial saliva pH 7.4, and higher values of sorption in this solution compared with pH value 3.0. Con- clusion. Water sorption values are mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of solutions.</div>

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Using in vitro tensile strength test to monitoring quality and effectiveness of suture in the oral environment

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131901101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 01101

Author(s):

Hajar Lashab ◽

Brahim Benaji ◽

A. Sbitti ◽

Nabil Lahrache ◽

Mustapha Malha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Healing Process ◽

Oral Route ◽

Strength Test ◽

Initial Strength ◽

Tensile Strength Test ◽

Absorbable Sutures ◽

Before And After

Sutures are medical devices used in surgery. They serve as tissues stabilizers in contact with or near to the surgical site without compromising the healing process. They must keep their physical properties for the necessary time, in particular tensile strength. In view of the wide variety of references offered by all specialtys combined, which supply sutures with all materials described, whose use is indicated for all surgical procedures. The objective of this work is to evaluate the tensile strength of absorbable and non-absorbable sutures for a period of 10 to 28 days under conditions simulated by the oral route. 5 sutures materials were tested with a metric diameter of 1.5 and 4.The tensile strength test was used according to the protocol of the European Pharmacopoeia (Eur.Ph.9.5). 5 fragments of each material were measured before and after their immersion in Artificial Saliva (AS). In AS, the Polypropylene suture significantly maintained (p = 5%) its tensile strength compared to that of Polyamide. For absorbable sutures, a loss of more than 70% of their initial strength was marked on the 7th day of immersion. In view of the results obtained, during oral surgical operations, the material of choice is in favor of Propylene.

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Influence of Biocompatible Coating on Titanium Surface Characteristics

Innovations in Corrosion and Materials Science (Formerly Recent Patents on Corrosion Science) ◽

10.2174/2352094910999200407095723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Željka Petrović ◽

Jozefina Katić ◽

Ankica Šarić ◽

Ines Despotović ◽

Nives Matijaković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D3 ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Calcium Phosphates ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Corrosion Stability ◽

Assembly Method

Background: Nowadays investigations in the field of dental implants engineering are focused on bioactivity and osseointegration properties. Objective: In this study, the oxide-covered titanium was functionalized by vitamin D3 molecules via a simple self-assembly method with the aim to design more corrosion-resistant and at the same time more bioactive surface. Methods: Surface properties of the D3-coated titanium were examined by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, while long-term corrosion stability during immersion in an artificial saliva solution was investigated in situ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results: Results of all techniques confirmed a successful formation of the vitamin D3 layer on the oxide-covered titanium. Besides very good corrosion resistivity (~5 MΩ cm2), the D3-modified titanium surface induced spontaneous formation of biocompatible bone-like calcium phosphates (CaP). Conclusion: Observed in vitro CaP-forming ability as a result of D3-modified titanium/artificial saliva interactions could serve as a promising predictor of in vivo bioactivity of implant materials.

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Evaluation of the permeability and in vitro cytotoxicity of functionalized titanate nanotubes on Caco-2 cell line

Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica ◽

10.33892/aph.2021.91.31-39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Yasmin Ranjous ◽

Dóra Kósa ◽

Zoltán Ujhelyi ◽

Géza Regdon ◽

Krisztina Anita Nagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Cell Line ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Titanate Nanotubes ◽

Intestinal Cell ◽

Chemical Resistivity

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) are promising vectors for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistivity. However, considering their strong hydrophilicity, pristine TNTs exert very limited permeability through the intestinal cell layer. The aim of this study was to turn the surface characteristics and thus enhance the permeability of TNTs by functionalization. TNTs were functionalized with trichloro(octyl)silane (TCOS) and magnesium stearate (MgSt). Carbon content and surface free energy of the functionalized TNTs were detected to evaluate the effectiveness of functionalization, by using CHNS analytical and optical contact angle (OCA) measurements, respectively. Caco-2 cell line was applied to test the permeability and the cytotoxicity of the samples. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using MTT assay. The results revealed that the surface characteristics of TNTs may be adjusted in a wider range with TCOS-TNT than with St, but the samples show higher toxicity. Silane functionalized TNTs may be safe up to 1 mg/ml, while St functionalized TNTs up to 2 mg/ml concentration. The preparation method of MgSt-TNT was also superior from the aspect of environmental safety. The permeability was suitable for samples with moderate hydrophobicity (aqueous contact angle 60-90°).

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In vitro cytotoxicity of resin-containing restorative materials after aging in artificial saliva

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s007840050093 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

J. C. Wataha ◽

F. A. Rueggeberg ◽

C. A. Lapp ◽

J. B. Lewis ◽

P. E. Lockwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Restorative Materials

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Effects of Composites Containing Bioactive Glasses on Demineralized Dentin

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034517709464 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 999-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

A. Tezvergil-Mutluay ◽

R. Seseogullari-Dirihan ◽

V.P. Feitosa ◽

G. Cama ◽

D.S. Brauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Before And After ◽

Demineralized Dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of completely demineralized dentin specimens in contact with a filler-free or 2 ion-releasing resins containing micrometer-sized particles of Bioglass 45S5 (BAG) or fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass (BAG-F). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to evaluate the remineralization induced by the experimental ion-releasing resin-based materials. Dentin beams were totally demineralized in H3PO4 (10%) and placed in direct contact with a filler-free (RESIN) or 2 experimental ion-releasing resins (BAG or BAG-F) and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) up to 30 d. Further specimens were also processed and submitted to FTIR and SEM analysis to evaluate the remineralization induced by such ion-releasing resins before and after AS immersion. BAG and BAG-F alkalinized the incubation media. A significant decrease of the dry mass was observed between the specimens of all groups stored for 3 and 30 d in AS. However, the fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass incorporated into a resin-based material (BAG-F) showed greater ability in reducing the solubilization of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) after prolonged AS storage. Moreover, after 30 d of AS storage, BAG-F showed the greatest remineralizing effect on the stiffness of the completely demineralized dentin matrices. In conclusion, fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass incorporated as micrometer-sized filler in dental composites may offer greater beneficial effects than Bioglass 45S5 in reducing the enzyme-mediated degradation and remineralization of demineralized dentin.

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Effects of erosive challenge on the morphology and surface properties of luting cements

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.022315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 103-109

Author(s):

Brenna Louise Cavalcanti GONDIM ◽

Isabella Cavalcante MEDEIROS ◽

Bruna Palmeira COSTA ◽

Hugo Lemes CARLO ◽

Rogério Lacerda dos SANTOS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Zinc Phosphate ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Luting Cements ◽

Porous Surfaces ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the surface properties of luting cements after erosive challenge. Objective To evaluate the surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN) and morphology of 4 luting cements after erosive challenge. Material and method Twenty specimens of each cement were prepared (4×2mm) and divided into experimental (erosive challenge) and control (artificial saliva) groups (n=10): Rely X U200 (U200); Rely X ARC (ARC); Ketac Cem Easy Mix (Ketac) and Zinc phosphate (ZnP). The erosive challenge was performed by four daily erosive cycles (90s) in a cola drink and 2 h in artificial saliva over 7 days. Ra and VHN readings were performed before and after erosion. The percentage of hardness loss (%VHN) was obtained after erosion. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA, Tukey and Student-T tests were used (α=0.05). Result After erosion, all luting cements had increase in Ra values and U200 and ZnP groups had the highest %VHN. After saliva immersion, only U200 and ZnP groups had significant increases in Ra values and there were no significant differences among the groups in %VHN. SEM analysis showed that Ketac and ZnP groups had rough and porous surfaces, and U200 group had higher resin matrix degradation than ARC group. Conclusion Erosive challenge with a cola drink affected the surface properties of all luting cements.

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Evaluation of Solubility of Luting Cements in Different Solutions

Acta Medica Academica ◽

10.5644/ama2006-124.284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Alma Gavranović-Glamoč ◽

Muhamed Ajanović ◽

Lejla Kazazić ◽

Sanela Strujić-Porović ◽

Selma Zukić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Three Solutions ◽

Resin Cements ◽

Luting Cements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Nonparametric Statistical

Objective. To evaluate and compare the solubility of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0).Materials and Methods. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens, 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement, were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The solubility of the cements was calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. Values of solubility in water (Wsl) in microgram/mm3 for each of the five specimens were calculated using the following formula (ISO 4049:2009): Wsl=(m1-m3)∕V. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric statistical method and Post hoc sample comparisons were applied.Results. GC Fuji Plus showed statistically significant higher solubility in comparison with Variolink II and Multilink Automix in all three solutions. In acidic artificial saliva (pH 3.0) Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of solubility compared to Variolink II (P<0.016). By studying the effect of pH value on the solubility of GC Fuji Plus cement, significantly higher values of solubility in pH 3.0 artificial saliva were confirmed (P<0.009). The influence of the surrounding pH value on the solubility of the resin cements Multilink Automix and Variolink II was researched. No statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion. Solubility values were mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of the solutions.

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