scholarly journals Multi-Analytical Research on the Caisson Painting of Dayu Temple in Hancheng, Shaanxi, China

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Bingjie Mai ◽  
Peng Fu ◽  
Gele Teri ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Animal Glue ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Corroborative Evidence

In this research, the caisson painting of Dayu Temple in Hancheng, Shaanxi, China, was analyzed via a multi-analytical methodology, using a pH meter, an ultra-depth-of-field optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a micro-confocal laser Raman spectrometer, a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). With the corroborative evidence derived from the above analyses, it could be determined that the caisson painting of Dayu Temple was painted on bamboo paper and attached to hemlock wood substrate of the Pinaceae Tsuga genus using starch paste, with common colorants such as carbon black, cinnabar mixed with a small amount of red lead, ultramarine, and ultramarine mixed with Paris green, with animal glue having been adopted as a sizing agent. These results provide important scientific data for the production craft of precious caisson paintings, contributing to the revelation of their historic, artistic, and scientific value, and should enable conservators to make informed decisions in restoration.

Removal of lead(II) and copper(II) from aqueous solution using foitite from Linshou mine in Hebei, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengliang He ◽  
Guangfu Yin ◽  
Faqin Dong ◽  
Laibao Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Raman

Foitite from Linshou mine in China's Hebei province was investigated as an adsorbent to remove Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The results showed that foitite can readily remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The data shows that the metal uptake for Pb(II) increases rapidly, accounting for 74.47% when contact time was 2 min. In contrast to Pb(II), there was a worse capability for adsorption of Cu(II). In the first 4 min, the metal uptake accounted for 34.7%. According to the analytical results obtained from X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectrum, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer, and Zeta potential, the removal mechanism of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by using foitite can be explained as following: firstly, the existence of an electrostatic field around foitite particles can attract heavy metal ions and consequently combine heavy metal ions with OH−; secondly, heavy metal ions in the solution are exchanged with the Fe3+ and Al3+ in the foitite.

Analysis on Internal Defect of 319S Aluminum Alloy Impeller by Semi-Solid Thioxcasting

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Jing ◽  
Hong Xing Lu ◽  
Da Quan Li ◽  
Qiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Defect ◽  
Die Casting Process ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Eutectic Zone

In the present investigation a batch of impellers made of 319S aluminum alloy with about 300 pieces and produced by semi-solid thixocasting process were subjected the ultrasonic testing (UT). The experimental results revealed that the equivalent size of the defects in the impellers was not more than φ0.4mm FBH+12dB. And there were two main types of defects in 12 mm depth area from the machined surface, where defect was apt to form. One type was single defect and the other was intensive defect. Moreover, other nondestructive testing (NDT) was used to test some impellers containing typical defect, and the result suggests that UT was more sensitive than x-ray testing. The defects existed in the impellers were investigated by Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The observation showed that the both types of defects existed in eutectic zone. The single defect derived from billet and the intensive defect came from die casting process.

Study on Atmospheric Corrosion Behaviour of Sicp/Al Composite

2010 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Xian Liang Zhou ◽  
Duo Sheng Li ◽  
Ai Hua Zou ◽  
Xiao Zhen Hua ◽  
G.Z. Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Amorphous Al2o3 ◽  
Scanning Electron

SiCp/Al composite was fabricated by the method of pressureless-infiltration. In atmospheric environment, the atmospheric corrosion behavior of SiCp/Al composites (ZL101+49%SiC+5%Mg) was studied by mass loss, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectivelhy.The results show that the corrosion rate of the SiCp/Al composites increases with increasing of time in atmospheric environment. Pitting corrosion is the main characteristic of SiCp/Al composite, and corrosion area gradually extends around with time increasing. At last, sheet like corrosion substrates distribute in the surface of n the SiCp/Al composites. Amorphous Al2O3 and amorphous AlxSO4yOHz are the main corrosion products.

scholarly journals Effect of Micro-Scale Er on the Microstructure and Fluidity of ZL205A Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingbiao Guo ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Zhanfei Zhang ◽  
Quanzhen Sun ◽  
Yuhua Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Zl205a Alloy ◽  
Increasing Precipitation

The effect of Er addition on the fluidity and microstructure transformation of the as-cast and T5 heat-treated ZL205A alloys was investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The fluidity of the liquid metal after adding Er was tested and the fracture characteristics of the material were analyzed. The results indicated that Er was mainly dissolved into an α–Al matrix near the grain boundaries (GBs). It is easily segregated and enriched in the intersection of the GBs or the interface between the α and θ phase, which caused the intermetallic compounds to be distributed along the GBs to the neck and to fuse. Er could also inhibit the diffusion of Cu atoms in the process of solid solution, so that increased the residual eutectic structures in the crystal, while accelerating the precipitation progress of the Guinier–Preston (GP) zone and θ’ phase and increasing precipitation of the θ phase. A small amount of precipitation of θ phase and micro-scale Er (0.1–0.5 wt %) can significantly increase the fluidity and reduce the casting defects, which can effectively improve the castability of the ZL205A alloy. The interface between the (Al8Cu4Er) phase and matrix is the main area of microcracks, through analyzing the fracture morphology.

Applications of Laboratory-Based X-Ray Microfluorescence Analysis in Archaeometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
N.E. Pingitore ◽  
J.D. Leach ◽  
A. Iglesias ◽  
C.G. Sampson ◽  
D.L. Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Academic Laboratory ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray microfluorescence (XRMF) is spatially resolved x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of elemental composition. Formerly available only at synchrotron sources, recent development of commercial instruments has brought a tamer version of this technique into the size and price range of the academic laboratory. Our Kevex Omicron system features a primary beam diameter as small as 30 μm, with an energy dispersive spectrometer collecting the x-ray spectrum from Na to U. The micro-positioning stage and optical microscope permit selective spatially resolved analysis on the surfaces of objects as large as a desktop dictionary. The large sample stage, functional spatial resolution, and non-destructive analysis present significant opportunities for elemental analysis of a variety of archaeological materials. In particular, objects which for aesthetic, religious, regulatory, or economic reasons cannot be subjected to any alteration in sample preparation may still be analyzed by XRMF. Our laboratory has been conducting a number of investigations which illustrate the potential impact of XRMF technology on archaeometry.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Passive Film Composition of Alloy 825 in High Temperature and High H2S-CO2 Containing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Xuehua Fan ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
X Ray

The effect of high temperature on corrosion behavior and passive film composition of Ni-based alloy 825 in H2S-containing environment was investigated by Confocal Laser Microscope (CLM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The experiment was carried out at 150 and 230°C in NaCl solution. The partial pressure of H2S was set to 1.2 MPa and CO2 was set to 3.2 MPa. The results showed that Ni-based alloy 825 presented good general corrosion resistance. Pitting corrosion was likely to occur at 230°C because of Cr depleted in the passive film. NiS appeared at high temperature and is damaging to protectiveness of passive film.

scholarly journals Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Risk of Recurrence and Malignant Transformation of Mucocutaneous Neurofibromas in NF-1: An Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giudice ◽  
Giorgio Favia ◽  
Angela Tempesta ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Michelangelo Vestita
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Malignant Degeneration ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence

From 2005 to 2010, 20 consecutive patients with fully manifested neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) underwent elective neurofibroma resection at our institution (Departments of Plastic Surgery and of Odontostomatology). Specimens were photographed under optical microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with ultra-high accuracy of detail, including depth of field. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 years and up to a maximum of 12 years, postsurgery. While all nonrecurring lesions showed intense fluorescence, six of the seven lesions with absence of fluorescence under CLSM recurred at a mean of 5.5 years after surgical excision. Among the re-excised lesions, 3 were diagnosed as malignant at the subsequent removal. Despite the limitation of a small cohort, CLSM appears to be a simple and low-cost technique to differentiate forms of neurofibromas with low and high risk of recurrence and malignant degeneration.

scholarly journals Microanalyses and Spectroscopic Techniques for the Identification of Pigments and Pictorial Materials in Monet's Pink Water Lilies Painting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Giulia Germinario ◽  
Fabio Talarico ◽  
Mauro Torre
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Animal Glue ◽  
X Ray

In this work, the technique and the pictorial materials employed by Claude Monet in Pink Water Lilies, presently housed at the National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art in Rome, were investigated. The painting underwent noninvasive investigations such as energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and visible reflectance spectroscopies. The combined use of these techniques allowed us to identify most of the inorganic pigments such as cobalt blue and violet, zinc oxide, cadmium yellow, vermilion, and mixtures. Particularly, the spectrophotometric curves allow for the detection of the anhydrous and hydrated chromium greens. Two micro-fragments of the painting were also examined with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the cross-sections obtained were analyzed with the optical microscope and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses allowed us to recognize the animal glue used for priming the canvas, which was covered with a ground layer consisting of calcite and lead white mixed with an oil binder. A lipidic binder was also detected in the color layer. Optical microscopy and SEM-EDS were useful to retrieve information about the stratigraphy, the distribution of pigments, and a more complete palette identification of phosphate, arsenate, and magnesium arsenate cobalt violets, and the red lake was possible.

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Measurements of thin Metal Foils

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
J. Bentley ◽  
E. A. Kenik
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Thin Metal ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Instruments combining a 100 kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) with scanning transmission (STEM), secondary electron (SEM) and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) attachments to give analytical capabilities are becoming increasingly available and useful. Some typical applications in the field of materials science which make use of the small probe size and thin specimen geometry are the chemical analysis of small precipitates contained within a thin foil and the measurement of chemical concentration profiles near microstructural features such as grain boundaries, point defect clusters, dislocations, or precipitates. Quantitative x-ray analysis of bulk samples using EDS on a conventional SEM is reasonably well established, but much less work has been performed on thin metal foils using the higher accelerating voltages available in TEM based instruments.

Sem/X-Ray Applications to the Forensic Science Field

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
K. Culbreth
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Science Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Scanning Electron

The introduction of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to forensic science has provided additional methods by which investigative evidence can be analyzed. The importance of evidence from the scene of a crime or from the personal belongings of a victim and suspect has resulted in the development and evaluation of SEM/x-ray analysis applications to various types of forensic evidence. The intent of this paper is to describe some of these applications and to relate their importance to the investigation of criminal cases.The depth of field and high resolution of the SEM are an asset to the evaluation of evidence with respect to surface phenomena and physical matches (1). Fig. 1 shows a Phillips screw which has been reconstructed after the head and shank were separated during a hit-and-run accident.

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