scholarly journals ZnO (Ag-N) Nanorods Films Optimized for Photocatalytic Water Purification

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sanchez ◽  
Carlos Castillo ◽  
Willy Cruz ◽  
Bryan Yauri ◽  
Miguel Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

ZnO nanorods (NRs) films, nitrogen-doped (ZnO:N), and ZnO doped with nitrogen and decorated with silver nanostructures (ZnO:N-Ag) NRs films were vertically supported on undoped and N doped ZnO seed layers by a wet chemical method. The obtained films were characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction. Morphological and elemental analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy, including an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy facility and their optical properties by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. Analysis performed in the NRs films showed that the nitrogen content in the seed layer strongly affected their structure and morphology. The mean diameter of ZnO NRs ranged from 70 to 190 nm. As the nitrogen content in the seed layer increased, the mean diameter of ZnO:N NRs increased from 132 to 250 nm and the diameter dispersion decreased. This diameter increase occurs simultaneously with the incorporation of nitrogen into the ZnO crystal lattice and the increase in the volume of the unit cell, calculated using the X-ray diffraction patterns and confirmed by a slight shift in the XRD angle. The diffractograms indicated that the NRs have a hexagonal wurtzite structure, with preferential growth direction along the c axis. The SEM images confirmed the presence of metallic silver in the form of nanoparticles dispersed on the NRs films. Finally, the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in an aqueous solution was studied by UV-vis irradiation of NRs films contained in the bulk of aqueous MO solutions. We found a significant enhancement of the photocatalytic degradation efficiency, with ZnO:N-Ag NRs film being more efficient than ZnO:N NRs film, and the latter better than the ZnO NRs film.

PERFORMANCE OF pH SENSOR ELECTRODE BASED ON ZnO NRs ON FTO-GLASS SUBSTRATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950198
Author(s):  
ABDULQADER D. FAISAL ◽  
MOHAMMAD O. DAWOOD ◽  
HASSAN H. HUSSEIN ◽  
KHALEEL I. HASSOON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hydrothermal Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zno Nanocrystals ◽  
Electrode Cell ◽  
Fto Glass

In this work, ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were successfully synthesized on FTO-glass via hydrothermal technique. Two steps were followed to grow ZnO NRs. In the first step, the seed layer of ZnO nanocrystals was deposited by using a drop cast method. The second step was represented by the hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs on a pre-coated FTO- glass with the seed layer. The hydrothermal growth was conducted at 90∘C for 2[Formula: see text]h. The resulted structure, morphology and optical properties of the produced layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The analysis confirmed that the ZnO NRs grown by the hydrothermal method have a hexagonal crystal structure which was grown randomly on the FTO surface. The crystallite size was recorded 50[Formula: see text]nm and a slight microstrain (0.142%) was calculated. The bandgap was found to be in the range of 3.14–3.17[Formula: see text]eV. The ZnO NRs have a high density and large aspect ratio. A pH sensor with high sensitivity was fabricated using a two-electrode cell configuration. The ZnO NRs sensor showed the sensitivity of [Formula: see text]59.03[Formula: see text]mV/pH, which is quite promising and close to the theoretical value ([Formula: see text]59.12[Formula: see text]mV/pH).

Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanorods along the Ultra-Thin ZnO Seed Layer Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Wissawat Sakulsaknimitr ◽  
Kanyakorn Teanchai ◽  
Mati Horprathum ◽  
Chanunthorn Chananonnawathorn ◽  
Saksorn Limwichean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Seed Layers

ZnO nanorods were grown on magnetron sputtered ultra-thin ZnO seed layers through a hydrothermal method. Before ZnO nanorods growth, the ultra-thin ZnO seed layer has been annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 to 400°C in air. The influence of annealing treatment on the crystalline structure of the ultra-thin ZnO seed layers has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size and density of final prepared ZnO nanorods were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). It was found that the length and the aspect ratio of the ZnOnanorods can be readily tuned by control of the ZnO ultra-thin seeds layer which results from the annealing treatment process.

Influence of Growth Conditions on Morphology of ZnO Nanorods by Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Supawadee Pokai ◽  
Puenisara Limnonthakul ◽  
Mati Horprathum ◽  
Sukon Kalasung ◽  
Pitak Eiamchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Thermoelectric Device ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) promise high potentials in several applications, such as photovoltaic device, thermoelectric device, sensor and solar cell. In this research, the vertical alignment of ZnO NRs was fabricated by hydrothermal method with various precursor concentrations and growth time on different seed layers (ZnO and Au), which deposited on silicon wafer substrate (100). The crystalline structure and morphology of ZnO NRs have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques, respectively. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows that the prepared samples have a strong preferred orientation (002) plane. FE-SEM images of the ZnO NRs, it found that the density and aspect ratio were strongly influenced by the seed layer and precursor concentration. In addition, the aspect ratio of ZnO NRs was increased with increasing growth time. This study provides a cost effective method for the fabrication of well aligned ZnO NRs for nano-electronic devices.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnO nanorods on ZnO/ITO seed layer by electrochemical method and its application in solar cell device

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Hoang Cao Son Tran ◽  
Khac Top Le ◽  
Duc Hao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Dong Tri Nguyen ◽  
Kien Quoc Luu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hybrid Solar Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solar Cell Device ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stable Flow

In this paper, we study on the effects of ZnO nanorods /seed ZnO on properties of hybrid solar cells. ZnO nanorods fabricated by electrochemical method of two-step stable flow of liquid Zn(NO3)2. 6H2O (0.005 M) and C6H12N4 (0.005 M). Morphology and optoelectronic properties of ZnO nanorods were studied by SEM images, UV-VIS transmission spectra, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectrum. Elaboration of hybrid solar cells by inserting ZnO nanorods on organic photoactive layer of P3HT:PCBM and ITO, as result the solar cell conductivity performance is significantly improved. Experimental results show that ~ 1,392 mA/cm2 Jsc, Voc ~ 0.49 V, FF = 0.32, and PCE = 0.23%.

Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods on Silicon Substrates by Sol-gel Hyrdothermal Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 083-086
Author(s):  
Yow-Chyun Shyu ◽  
Min Han Lin ◽  
Shang-Ren Lin ◽  
Shang Lin Tsai ◽  
Chin Pang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Orientation ◽  
Multiple Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Methods

ZnO nanorods were deposited on silicon substrate using sol-gel hydrothermal methods. The seed layer was first grown by sol-gel methods and then annealed at temperatures of 300ºC, 400ºC, 500ºC and 600ºC. Multiple material and optical analyses including field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, and Raman spectra were conducted to examine the growth orientation and material properties. Results indicate that the ZnO nanorods annealed at a proper temperature of 400ºC could enhance orientation and material quality.

Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanorods Grown on Polyethylene Naphthalate Substrates: Effect of the Growth Duration

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shabannia ◽  
Abu Hassan Haslan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polyethylene Naphthalate ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray

Aligned ZnO nanorods were synthesized on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates using a chemical bath deposition method. The growth temperature and precursor concentration were 95 °C and 0.025 M, respectively. The effects of growth duration (2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the obtained ZnO nanorods on seed layer ZnO/PEN substrate were then investigated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. The high intensity of (002) peak compared with (100) and (101) in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 6.5 h had more vertical higher crystal quality than the samples grown for other durations. The average diameter of ZnO nanorods grown on PEN substrates increased from 19 nm to 45 nm with increased growth duration from 2 h to 8 h, respectively.

Additives Applied for Preparation of Superfine Mg(OH)2 Particles by Light-Burned MgO at Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1026-1030
Author(s):  
Qing Gang Kong ◽  
Hai Yan Qian ◽  
Hui Ning Xiao ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Jian Ke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Phase Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Platelet Shape

Due to its buffer property, activity, absorbability and safety, magnesium hydroxide is widely used in environmental protection, pharmaceutics, pulp and paper industry, and as flame-retardant filling in composite materials. The hydrothermal synthesis of magnesium hydroxide at low temperature (< 100°C) needs only simple equipment and is environmentally friendly and energy-saving, so the process is promising and easy for industrialization. In this study, we have investigated the effects of hexamethylenetetramine and ammonia additives on the hydrating synthesis of superfine Mg (OH)2 particles at 70°C. Mg (OH)2 particles formed were of platelet shape and the mean diameter was approximately 200nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize the crystal phase, size distribution and morphology of the crystal particles. Different morphologies of Mg (OH)2 particles were formed in hexamethylenetetramine and ammonia solutions. The generation velocity of hydroxyl (OH-) was found to play an important role in the distribution and morphology of Mg (OH)2 particles.

Functionalization of Au Nanoparticles on ZnO Nanorods through Low-Temperature Synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukon Kalasung ◽  
A. Kopwitthaya ◽  
M. Horprathum ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
S. Tuscharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wafer Substrate ◽  
The Difference

Hybrid nanomaterials exhibit multi-functionalities, which is synergy or enhanced physical and optical properties over their single components with promising potentials for various applications in dye-sensitized solar cell and photocatalytic materials. In this present research, the Au nanoparticles were prepared at HAuCl4 concentration of 0.5 mM on ZnO nanorod templates and silicon wafer substrate by hydrothermal reaction process. The prepared samples were investigated the crystal structure, chemical composition and morphologies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD results shown that ZnO was preferred orientation along the c-axis (002). The FE-SEM images indicated to the difference of size-Au NPs decorated on ZnO nanorods and silicon wafer. The relationship between the surface area and the size of Au NPs of the prepared samples was investigated and possible growing mechanism of Au NPs on ZnO nanorods templates will be discussed.

Isomorphous replacement in electron diffraction of wet crystals of rat hemoglobin

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
William F. Tivol ◽  
Murray Vernon King ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Isomorphous Substitution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isomorphous Replacement ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Diffraction Structure ◽  
The Mean

Feasibility of isomorphous substitution in electron diffraction is supported by a calculation of the mean alteration of the electron-diffraction structure factors for hemoglobin crystals caused by substituting two mercury atoms per molecule, following Green, Ingram & Perutz, but with allowance for the proportionality of f to Z3/4 for electron diffraction. This yields a mean net change in F of 12.5%, as contrasted with 22.8% for x-ray diffraction.Use of the hydration chamber in electron diffraction opens prospects for examining many proteins that yield only very thin crystals not suitable for x-ray diffraction. Examination in the wet state avoids treatments that could cause translocation of the heavy-atom labels or distortion of the crystal. Combined with low-fluence techniques, it enables study of the protein in a state as close to native as possible.We have undertaken a study of crystals of rat hemoglobin by electron diffraction in the wet state. Rat hemoglobin offers a certain advantage for hydration-chamber work over other hemoglobins in that it can be crystallized from distilled water instead of salt solutions.

scholarly journals Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Garven M. Huntley ◽  
Rudy L. Luck ◽  
Michael E. Mullins ◽  
Nick K. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

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