scholarly journals Mass Media as a Mirror of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Computation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Kirill Yakunin ◽  
Ravil I. Mukhamediev ◽  
Elena Zaitseva ◽  
Vitaly Levashenko ◽  
Marina Yelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

The media plays an important role in disseminating facts and knowledge to the public at critical times, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a good example of such a period. This research is devoted to performing a comparative analysis of the representation of topics connected with the pandemic in the internet media of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The main goal of the research is to propose a method that would make it possible to analyze the correlation between mass media dynamic indicators and the World Health Organization COVID-19 data. In order to solve the task, three approaches related to the representation of mass media dynamics in numerical form—automatically obtained topics, average sentiment, and dynamic indicators—were proposed and applied according to a manually selected list of search queries. The results of the analysis indicate similarities and differences in the ways in which the epidemiological situation is reflected in publications in Russia and in Kazakhstan. In particular, the publication activity in both countries correlates with the absolute indicators, such as the daily number of new infections, and the daily number of deaths. However, mass media tend to ignore the positive rate of confirmed cases and the virus reproduction rate. If we consider strictness of quarantine measures, mass media in Russia show a rather high correlation, while in Kazakhstan, the correlation is much lower. Analysis of search queries revealed that in Kazakhstan the problem of fake news and disinformation is more acute during periods of deterioration of the epidemiological situation, when the level of crime and poverty increase. The novelty of this work is the proposal and implementation of a method that allows the performing of a comparative analysis of objective COVID-19 statistics and several mass media indicators. In addition, it is the first time that such a comparative analysis, between different countries, has been performed on a corpus in a language other than English.

COVID-19: A comparative study of SARS, MERS and COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Health Organization

: World Health Organization (WHO) office in China received the information of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology from Wuhan, central China on 31st December 2019, subsequently this disease spreading in china and rest of world. Till the March 2020 end, more than 2 lakhs confirmed cases with more than 70000 deaths were reported worldwide, very soon researchers identified it as novel beta Corona virus (virus SARS-CoV-2) and its infection coined as COVID-19. Health ministries of various countries and WHO together fighting to this health emergency, which not only affects public health, but also started affecting various economic sectors as well. The main aim of the current article is to explore the various pandemic situations (SARS, MERS) in past, life cycle of COVID-19, diagnosis procedures, prevention and comparative analysis of COVID-19 with other epidemic situations.

scholarly journals Change in affordability of medications in Kazan in 2011 and 2015 as a reflection of state initiatives to regulate drug prices

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch M Razzakova ◽  
L E Ziganshina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Medicine Prices ◽  
Health Organization

Aim. Performing comparative analysis of drug prices in 2011 and 2015 in Kazan to assess the effectiveness of state initiatives to ensure the affordability of medicines. Methods. The collection and processing of data was performed according to methodology developed by Health Action International and World Health Organization (WHO/HAI). We studied the availability and prices of 30 medicines in public and private pharmacies in Kazan in 2011 and 2015 and analyzed the procurement prices of the same medicines in inpatient hospitals. Recording and analysis were performed using standardized MS Excel WHO/HAI Workbook. Medicine prices were compared with international reference prices and were expressed as median price ratio. Results. The analysis showed a decrease in medicine prices in 2015 compared to 2011. In public and private sectors median price ratio of the originator brands reduced by about 3 times, and of the lowest price generics reduced by 1.5 times. A decrease in procurement prices by more than 2 times for generics and more than 6 times for the original brands was also revealed in 2015 in comparison with 2011. Conclusion. State initiatives to regulate drug prices contributed to the price reduction by 1.5-3 times in 2015 compared to 2011; changes in the procedures for the medicines procurement at the legislative level resulted in reduction of procurement prices by more than 2 times for generic drugs in 2015 compared to 2011.

scholarly journals A Rapid Review of Communication Strategies for Physical Activity Guidelines and Physical Activity Promotion: A Review of Worldwide Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
Karen Milton ◽  
Hayley Mills ◽  
Matthew Wade ◽  
Charles Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: To support the strategy development for communication of the updated physical activity (PA) guidelines, the UK Chief Medical Officers’ Expert Panel for Communication was created. Methods: To help inform this process, a rapid review was performed to identify and describe how other nations are communicating their PA guidelines and PA generally. Elements of the health-enhancing physical activity policy audit tool created by the World Health Organization were used to investigate all 195 countries. Results: Seventy-seven countries had their own guidelines; 53 used the World Health Organization guidelines, and for 65 countries, no guidelines could be found. For the communication, 27 countries used infographics; 56 had government policies/documents, and 11 used a mass media campaign. Only 6 of these had been evaluated. Although many countries used infographics, there were no associated evaluations. As such, any future communication strategies should incorporate an evaluation. Mass media campaigns had the strongest evidence base, proving to be an effective strategy, particularly when incorporating aspects of social marketing. Conclusion: This review provides an insight into strategies countries worldwide have taken to communicate PA guidelines and PA promotion. These should be carefully considered when deciding how best to communicate and promote PA guidelines.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of primer-probe sets for the laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Jung ◽  
Gun-Soo Park ◽  
Jun Hye Moon ◽  
Keunbon Ku ◽  
Seung-Hwa Beak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Orf1 Gene ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is newly emerging human infectious diseases, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV). Within two months of the outbreak, more than 80,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide. Since the human to human transmission occurred easily and the human infection is rapidly increasing, the sensitive and early diagnosis is essential to prevent the global outbreak. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) announced various primer and probe sets for SARS-CoV-2 previously developed in China, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, and USA. In this study, we compared the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA among the seven primer-probe sets for N gene and the three primer-probe sets for Orf1 gene. The result of the comparative analysis represented that the ‘2019-nCoV_N2, N3’ of USA and the ‘ORF1ab’ of China are the most sensitive primer-probe sets for N and Orf1 genes, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate combination from ORF1ab (China), 2019-nCoV_N2, N3 (USA), and NIID_2019-nCOV_N (Japan) sets should be selected for the sensitive and reliable laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals COVID-19: a metaphor-based neologism and its translation into Arabic

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. A01
Author(s):  
Amal Haddad Haddad ◽  
Silvia Montero-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Health Organization

‘Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)’ is the neologism coined in reference to the pandemic disease currently affecting countries worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) was the international entity that coined this neologism in all its official languages, Arabic amongst them. However, in mass media, the most commonly used term is ‘coronavirus’, which is a meronymic denomination. This corpus-based case study aims at giving new insights into the creation of these neologisms in English and their equivalents in Arabic, and to the adequacy of the meronymic use of the term ‘coronavirus’ in the English and Arabic mass media.

Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV2 with Special Emphasis on Genome Sequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064
Author(s):  
Kumar Sharp ◽  
Shubhangi Dange
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Basic Reproduction Rate ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic on 11th March, 2020 by World Health Organization. As of now,27th May,2020, there are about 54,88,825 infected cases and 3,49,095 deaths globally. Coronavirus samples collected from all the countries have been sequenced for advanced studies in a bid to understand the structure and functioning of the virus. In our study, we have tried working on every available sequence to setup both comparisons and co-relations. There is no such available study as of now for reference and hence it can become a pioneer stone in this direction. The mortality rate calculated turns out to be 9.19%,34.37% and 6.29% for SARS-2003, MERS-2012 and COVID-19 respectively. The basic reproduction rate R0 was 2-5 for SARS-2003, 0.3-0.8 for MERS-2012 and 1.4-5.7 for COVID-19. We found out the relation between number of mutations and mortality as well as phylogenetic relations. High number of mutations corresponded to higher mortality rate as in countries like Italy and Spain. Alpha and Beta-coronaviruses show a common ancestor from which they descended. Brazil and Iran have shown similar phylogenetic descent explaining their mortality rate. India, however, showed a distant relation from the common ancestor of other genome sequences. This study highlights the mutations of the SARS-CoV2 virus as well as sets up a comparison with the previous outbreaks. Similar type of studies should be conducted when more genome samples are present. These results can also contribute towards making an effective anti-viral therapy and vaccines.

Safe Reopening Following Generalized Lockdowns: A Strategy Based on Evidence from 24 Worldwide Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu S. Shonchoy ◽  
Khandker S. Ishtiaq ◽  
Sajedul Talukder ◽  
Nasar U. Ahmed ◽  
Rajiv Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract While the effectiveness of lockdowns to reduce Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) transmission is well established, uncertainties remain on the lifting principles of these restrictive interventions. World Health Organization recommends case positive rate of 5% or lower as a threshold for safe reopening. However, inadequate testing capacity limits the applicability of this recommendation, especially in the low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). To develop a practical reopening strategy for LMICs, in this study, we first identify the optimal timing of safe reopening by exploring accessible epidemiological data of 24 countries during the initial COVID-19 surge. We find that safely reopening requires a two-week waiting period, after the crossover of daily infection and recovery rates – coupled with a post-crossover continuous negative trend in daily new cases. Epidemiologic SIRM model-based simulation analysis validates our findings. Finally, we develop an easily interpretable large-scale reopening (LSR) index, which is an evidence-based toolkit – to guide/inform the reopening decisions for LMICs.

Dealing with a Pandemic of Misinformation

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atif
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Corrective Action ◽  
High Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

<p>After World Health Organization named COVID-19 pandemic as a &ldquo;Pandemic of Misinformation&rdquo;, a common man has to cope with superfluous advices, remedies and, most of all, conspiracy theories, that seem undermining even the genuine recommendations of experts and authorities. This is a high time that timely corrective action, preaching social responsibility, relying on science and technology, and using mass media as channels to communicate the truth, may be used as weapons by the government in the battle against COVID-19 infodemic.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in Kazakhstan for the Period 2017–2019 Based on WHO Access, Watch and Reserve Classification (AWaRe 2019)

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Gulzira Zhussupova ◽  
Dinara Utepova ◽  
Galiya Orazova ◽  
Saule Zhaldybayeva ◽  
Galina Skvirskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use reimbursed by the state in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 with the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification (AWaRe 2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The evaluation of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 was carried out using the ATC/DDD methodology in accordance with the WHO AWaRe classification. The study used data on all antibiotics that were centrally purchased by a single purchaser during the study period. To understand how often Access group antibiotics are taken in Kazakhstan, the top-10 most consumed antibiotics were additionally studied. The results of a comparative analysis of the antibiotics for systemic use consumption for 2017–2019 by the Access, Watch, and Reserve groups showed a negative trend of a decrease in the consumption of Access group drugs from 1.17 defined daily dose (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) (39%) in 2017 to 0.59 DID (30%) in 2019. There is an increase in consumption of Watch group antibiotics from 1.84 DID (61%) in 2017 to 1.37 DID (68%) in 2019, as well as an increase in consumption of Reserve antibiotics from 0.001 DID (0.03%) to 0.4 DID (2.11%). In recent years in Kazakhstan, there has been a decrease in the consumption of Access group antibiotics. In addition, the Watch group antibiotics are widely consumed with a certain upward trend. In 2019, one Reserve antibiotic was included in the top-10 most commonly consumed antibiotics. There is a predominant consumption of parenteral forms of antibiotics for systemic use in the country.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Nomenclature of Medical Services and International Classification of Health Interventions of the World Health Organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Tyurina ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Avxentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The article describes the results of comparative analysis of two classifiers – the nomenclature of medical services, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia from October 13 2017 № 804(n), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), developed by World Health Organization. Similarities and differences are identified in classification of medical interventions in ICHI and medical services in nomenclature. Results of this work are expected to serve as a base for nomenclature’s improvement.

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