scholarly journals Requirements Elicitation for an Assistance System for Complexity Management in Product Development of SMEs during COVID-19: A Case Study

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Jan-Phillip Herrmann ◽  
Sebastian Imort ◽  
Christoph Trojanowski ◽  
Andreas Deuter
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Web Conferencing ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Complexity Management ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Multiple Domains

Technological progress, upcoming cyber-physical systems, and limited resources confront small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the challenge of complexity management in product development projects spanning over the entire product lifecycle. SMEs require a solution for documenting and analyzing the functional relationships between multiple domains such as products, software, and processes. The German research project FuPEP “Funktionsorientiertes Komplexitätsmanagement in allen Phasen der Produktentstehung” aims to address this issue by developing an assistance system that supports product developers by visualizing functional relationships. This paper presents the methodology and results of the assistance system’s requirements elicitation with two SMEs. Conducting the elicitation during a global pandemic, we discuss its application using specific techniques in light of COVID-19. We model problems and their effects regarding complexity management in product development in a system dynamics model. The most important requirements and use cases elicited are presented, and the requirements elicitation methodology and results are discussed. Additionally, we present a multilayer software architecture design of the assistance system. Our case study suggests a relationship between fear of a missing project focus among project participants and the restriction of requirements elicitation techniques to those possible via web conferencing tools.

Elicitation and Development of Requirements Through Integrated Methods

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beshoy Morkos ◽  
Joshua D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Requirements Modeling ◽  
Computational Support ◽  
Use Case Modeling ◽  
Requirements Development ◽  
Multiple Domains

This paper presents a case study of requirements elicitation for the development of computational support tools at an automotive OEM. The challenges presented in the requirements development necessitated the fusion of three distinct requirements elicitation approaches: traditional design, participatory design, and use case modeling through UML. The findings suggest that a single mode of operation is not sufficient and that to capture the requirements, it is preferred to borrow tools and methods from multiple domains. This case study serves as a broader motivation for a systematic development of engineering requirements modeling and analysis methods.

USE OF RAPID PROTOTYPING IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A Case Study for Tool Manufacturing for Aeronautical Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Aires Jorge Alberto Sandi ◽  
◽  
Giacaglia Giorgio Eugenio Oscare ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Rapid Prototyping

scholarly journals William James and the Sustainable Transformation of Values, with a Case Study for Rethinking the American Dream

Human Arenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Croce
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
American Dream ◽  
William James ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article addresses the call of the Psychology of Global Crises conference for linkage of academic work with social issues in three parts: First, examples from conference participants with their mix of bold calls for social transformation and realization of limits, a combination that generated few clear paths to achieving them. Second, presentation of Jamesian practical idealism with psychological insights for moving past impediments blocking implementation of ideals. And third, a case study of impacts from the most recent prominent crisis, the global pandemic of 2020, which threatens to exacerbate the many crises that had already been plaguing recent history. The tentacles of COVID’s impact into so many problems, starting with economic impacts from virus spread, present an opportunity to rethink the hope for constant economic growth, often expressed as the American Dream, an outlook that has driven so many of the problems surging toward crises. Jamesian awareness of the construction of ideological differences and encouragement of listening to those in disagreement provide not political solutions, but psychological preludes toward improvements in the face of crises.

Industry 4.0 Impact on Evolution of Product Development: The Bicycle Saddle Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Memaran ◽  
Cristiana Delprete ◽  
Eugenio Brusa ◽  
Abbas Razavykia ◽  
Paolo Baldissera
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Industry 4.0

scholarly journals A Case Study Supporting Lack of SARS-CoV-2 Spread to a 3-Month Old Infant Through Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442199107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Zhenjun Liu ◽  
Changxin Hong ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infant ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Introduction During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 global pandemic, maternal and newborn wellbeing has received much attention. Detailed reports of infected women breastfeeding their infants are uncommon. Due to incomplete information available, full data about those infants’ outcomes are lacking, and evidence of infectivity through breastfeeding has not been documented. Main Issue Here, we report about a mother who breastfed her infant until she was confirmed with the SARS-Cov-2 infection. After follow-up, we have confirmed that the infant, who was breastfed by the infected mother, was not infected. Methods A 33-year-old woman gave birth to a full-term male infant on November 8, 2019. Since birth, she had been exclusively breastfeeding the baby until she was confirmed with the SARS-Cov-2 infection on February 8, 2020. She was hospitalized, isolated from her baby, and stopped breastfeeding. Even though she remained asymptomatic, her milk was expressed using a breast pump and discarded. The mother’s milk sample was collected on February 9, 2020, and the result of the nucleic acid test for COVID-19 was negative. Her infant was asymptomatic and remained virus negative. Her laboratory findings and chest Computed Tomography imaging was normal. She was treated according to the national protocol with aerosolized interferon α2β, lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin. Her serum SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies(IgG and IgM) tested positive when discharged. She returned to breastfeeding after discharge. Conclusion Our findings suggest that breastfeeding may be less of a risk than anticipated. Additional research is needed to explore this possibility.

scholarly journals Global online platforms, COVID-19, and culture: The global pandemic, an accelerator towards which direction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 016344372199453
Author(s):  
Antonios Vlassis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Major Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
Media Platform

The article proposes to consider the COVID-19 global pandemic as new major development for cultural industries and policies and to highlight timely and crucial trends due to the lockdown measures. Thus, it attempts to stimulate the scholarship debate regarding the consequences of the pandemic to the action of global online platforms, as well as to policy and economic aspects of cultural sectors. Taking as case study the audio-visual sector, the article explores whether the US global streaming platforms are the winning players of the lockdown measures and emphasizes the multifaceted strategies developed by US-based platforms in order to strengthen their soft power. Focusing on China and the European Union, the article also argues that the overwhelming action of US-based online platforms triggers the potential emergence of media platform regionalization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it highlights the regulatory challenges and how the new empirical trends are expected to shape the current audio-visual policy framework. The analysis focuses on the period between the beginning of global pandemic in Asia-Pacific in January 2020 and the progressive easing of lockdown measures in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific in July 2020.

scholarly journals TOOLS FOR RECORDING PROTOTYPING ACTIVITIES AND QUANTIFYING CORRESPONDING DOCUMENTATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3159-3168
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Yazan A M Barhoush ◽  
Zhengya Gong ◽  
Panos Kostakos ◽  
Georgi V. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPrototyping is an essential activity in the early stages of product development. This activity can provide insight into the learning process that takes place during the implementation of an idea. It can also help to improve the design of a product. This information and the process are useful in design education as they can be used to enhance students' ability to prototype their ideas and develop creative solutions. To observe the activity of prototype development, we conducted a study on students participating in a 7-week course: Principles of Digital Fabrication. During the course, eight teams made prototypes and shared their weekly developments via internet blog posts. The posts contained prototype pictures, descriptions of their ideas, and reflections on activities. The blog documentation of the prototypes developed by the students was done without the researchers' intervention, providing essential data or research. Based on a review of other methods of capturing the prototype development process, we compare existing documentation tools with the method used in the case study and outline the practices and tools related to the effective documentation of prototyping activity.

scholarly journals A Design of the Resilient Enterprise: A Reference Architecture for Emergent Behaviors Control

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6672
Author(s):  
Rob Bemthuis ◽  
Maria-Eugenia Iacob ◽  
Paul Havinga
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Emergent Behaviors

The sooner disruptive emergent behaviors are detected, the sooner preventive measures can be taken to ensure the resilience of business processes execution. Therefore, organizations need to prepare for emergent behaviors by embedding corrective control mechanisms, which help coordinate organization-wide behavior (and goals) with the behavior of local autonomous entities. Ongoing technological advances, brought by the Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems of systems paradigms, can support integration within complex enterprises, such as supply chains. In this paper, we propose a reference enterprise architecture for the detection and monitoring of emergent behaviors in enterprises. We focus on addressing the need for an adequate reaction to disruptions. Based on a systematic review of the literature on the topic of current architectural designs for understanding emergent behaviors, we distill architectural requirements. Our architecture is a hybrid as it combines distributed autonomous business logic (expressed in terms of simple business rules) and some central control mechanisms. We exemplify the instantiation and use of this architecture by means of a proof-of-concept implementation, using a multimodal logistics case study. The obtained results provide a basis for achieving supply chain resilience “by design”, i.e., through the design of coordination mechanisms that are well equipped to absorb and compensate for the effects of emergent disruptive behaviors.

scholarly journals External Shocks in the Art Markets: How Did the Portuguese, the Spanish and the Brazilian Art Markets React to COVID-19 Global Pandemic? Data Analysis and Strategies to Overcome the Crisis

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
Ana Letícia Fialho ◽  
Marta Pérez-Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Art Market ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Art Markets ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Brazilian Art ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, and the restrictions imposed by the social distance and the enforced confinement, are having an impact on the art markets globally. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of an external shock in the primary art market, using three countries as a case study: Portugal, Spain, and Brazil. These geographies have in common being at the margins in the art market’s main art hubs. It is intended to analyze how agents are responding to the new context, according to the data gathered within the gallery sector. The methods applied in the research are a combination of surveys carried out by the authors, field-based observation, along with an academic literature review, complemented by international and national reports analysis. The study’s main findings allow us to characterize the art market as a very resilient sector that energetically responded to the crisis, able to adapt and overcome challenges imposed by the new pandemic situation. Contemporary art galleries expanded digital activities, kept participating in art fairs hybrid models, continued to focus on internationalization, and pointed to the strengthening of public policies towards the sector and partnerships as key strategies to overcome the crisis.

scholarly journals APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF TARGET PROCESS MODULE SETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
Albert Albers ◽  
Miriam Wilmsen ◽  
Kilian Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes

AbstractThe implementation of agile frameworks, such as SAFe, in large companies causes conflicts between the overall product development process with a rigid linkage to the calendar cycles and the continuous agile project planning. To resolve these conflicts, adaptive processes can be used to support the creation of realistic target-processes, i.e. project plans, while stabilizing process quality and simplifying process management. This enables the usage of standardisation methods and module sets for design processes.The objective of this contribution is to support project managers to create realistic target-processes through the usage of target-process module sets. These target-process module sets also aim to stabilize process quality and to simplify process management. This contribution provides an approach for the development and application of target-process module sets, in accordance to previously gathered requirements and evaluates the approach within a case study with project managers at AUDI AG (N=21) and an interview study with process authors (N=4) from three different companies.

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